הלכות תמידים ומוספין
20 halachot · Hebrew + English
בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים מַקְרִיבִין מוּסָף כְּמוּסַף רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה פַּר וְאַיִל. וְאַיִל זֶה נִקְרָא אֵיל הָעָם. וְשִׁבְעָה כְּבָשִׂים כֻּלָּן עוֹלוֹת. וּשְׂעִיר חַטָּאת וְהוּא נֶאֱכָל לָעֶרֶב:
On the fast day of Yom Kippur an additional offering is offered like that of Rosh HaShanah: a bull and a ram - this ram is called "the ram of the people" - and seven sheep. All are burnt-offerings. A goat [is brought as] a sin-offering and it is eaten in the evening.
וְעוֹד מַקְרִיבִין הַצִּבּוּר שְׂעִיר חַטָּאת וְהוּא נִשְׂרָף שֶׁבֶּן זוּגוֹ שָׂעִיר הַמִּשְׁתַּלֵּחַ:
In addition, the community offers another goat as a sin-offering, it is burnt. Its pair is the goat sent to Azazel.
בַּיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל חַג הַסֻּכּוֹת מַקְרִיבִין מוּסַף הַיּוֹם שְׁלֹשָׁה עָשָׂר פָּרִים וּשְׁנֵי אֵילִים וְאַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר כְּבָשִׂים כֻּלָּן עוֹלוֹת וּשְׂעִיר חַטָּאת נֶאֱכֶלֶת. וְכֵן כָּל יוֹם וְיוֹם מִשִּׁבְעַת יְמֵי הֶחָג מַקְרִיבִין שְׁנֵי אֵילִים וְאַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר כְּבָשִׂים וּשְׂעִיר חַטָּאת:
On the first day of the Sukkot festival, the following are brought as the additional offering of the day: thirteen bulls, two rams, and fourteen sheep. All are burnt offerings. And a goat which is eaten [is brought as] a sin-offering. Similarly, on all the seven days of [the Sukkot] festival, two rams, fourteen sheep, and a sin-offering of a goat are offered.
אֲבָל הַפָּרִים פּוֹחֲתִין אֶחָד אֶחָד בְּכָל יוֹם. בַּשֵּׁנִי מַקְרִיבִין שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר. בַּשְּׁלִישִׁי אַחַד עָשָׂר. עַד שֶׁיִּמָּצֵא קָרְבַּן יוֹם שְׁבִיעִי פָּרִים שִׁבְעָה אֵילִים שְׁנַיִם כְּבָשִׂים אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר הַכּל עוֹלוֹת וּשְׂעִיר חַטָּאת:
The number of bulls [offered], however, is decreased each day. On the second day, twelve bulls are offered, on the third eleven,... until on the seventh day, seven bulls, two rams, and fourteen sheep are all brought as burnt-offerings and a goat is brought as a sin-offering.
בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי עֲצֶרֶת מַקְרִיבִין מוּסַף הַיּוֹם פַּר וְאַיִל וְשִׁבְעָה כְּבָשִׂים כֻּלָּן עוֹלוֹת וּשְׂעִיר חַטָּאת. וְזֶה מוּסָף בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ:
On Shemini Atzeret, the following are brought as the additional offering of the day: a bull, a ram, and seven sheep. All are burnt offerings. And a goat [is brought as] a sin-offering. This is a separate offering in its own right.
כָּל שִׁבְעַת יְמֵי הֶחָג מְנַסְּכִין אֶת הַמַּיִם עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ. וְדָבָר זֶה הֲלָכָה לְמשֶׁה מִסִּינַי. וְעִם נִסּוּךְ הַיַּיִן שֶׁל תָּמִיד שֶׁל שַׁחַר הָיָה מְנַסֵּךְ הַמַּיִם לְבַדּוֹ:
All seven days of the festival, water is poured on the altar. This matter is a Halacha LeMoshe MiSinai. Along with the wine libation that accompanied the daily Tamid sacrifice in the morning, the water libation was performed separately.
וְאִם עֵרָה הַמַּיִם לְתוֹךְ הַיַּיִן אוֹ הַיַּיִן לְתוֹךְ הַמַּיִם וְנִסֵּךְ שְׁנֵיהֶם מִכְּלִי אֶחָד יָצָא. וְאִם הִקְדִּים נִסּוּךְ הַמַּיִם לָזֶבַח אֲפִלּוּ נִסְּכָן בַּלַּיְלָה יָצָא. וּבְקֶרֶן דְּרוֹמִית מַעֲרָבִית הָיָה מְנַסֵּךְ לְמַעְלָה מֵחֲצִי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וְהַכּל יוֹרֵד לַשִּׁיתִין כְּמוֹ שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ. כֵּיצַד הָיוּ עוֹשִׂין. צְלוֹחִית שֶׁל זָהָב מַחְזֶקֶת שְׁלֹשָׁה לוֹגִין הָיָה מְמַלֵּא אוֹתָהּ מִן הַשִּׁילוֹחַ. הִגִּיעוּ לְשַׁעַר הַמַּיִם תָּקְעוּ וְהֵרִיעוּ וְתָקְעוּ. עָלָה לַכֶּבֶשׁ וּפָנָה לִשְׂמֹאלוֹ וְנוֹתֵן הַמַּיִם מִן הַצְּלוֹחִית לְתוֹךְ הַסֵּפֶל שֶׁהָיָה שָׁם. וּשְׁנֵי סְפָלִים שֶׁל כֶּסֶף הָיוּ שָׁם. מַעֲרָבִי הָיָה בּוֹ הַמַּיִם. וּמִזְרָחִי הָיָה בּוֹ הַיַּיִן שֶׁל נֶסֶךְ. וְהָיוּ מְנֻקָּבִין כְּמִין שְׁנֵי חֳטָמִין דַּקִּין. וְשֶׁל מַיִם הָיָה נֶקֶב שֶׁלּוֹ דַּק מִשֶּׁל יַיִן כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּכְלֶה הַמַּיִם עִם הַיַּיִן כְּאֶחָד:
If one poured the water into the wine or the wine into the water and then poured the two of them as a libation from a single utensil, the obligation is fulfilled. If the water libation was offered before the [daily] sacrifice - indeed, even if it was offered at night - the obligation is fulfilled. The libation was poured at the southwest corner, above the mid-point of the altar, and then it would all descend to the shittin, as we explained. How was it offered? He would fill a golden vessel that contains three lugin from the Shiloach stream. When they reached the Water Gate, tekiah, teruah,, and tekiah blasts are sounded. [The priest] would ascend the ramp and turn to his left and pour the water into a cup that was positioned there. For there were two silver cups there. The water [was poured] into the western one and the wine libation [was poured] into the eastern one. They were pierced with two small holes like two small nostrils. The hole for [the cup] of water was thinner than that for the wine so that the water would conclude flowing together with the wine.
זֶה שֶׁמְּנַסֵּךְ הַמַּיִם הָיוּ אוֹמְרִין לוֹ הַגְבֵּהַּ יָדְךָ. שֶׁפַּעַם אַחַת נִסֵּךְ אֶחָד עַל רַגְלָיו וּרְגָמוּהוּ כָּל הָעָם בְּאֶתְרוֹגֵיהֶן שֶׁאָמְרוּ צְדוֹקִי הוּא שֶׁהֵן אוֹמְרִין אֵין מְנַסְּכִין מַיִם:
They would tell [the priest] who would pour the water libation: "Lift up your hands," because once [a priest] poured [the water] on his feet, and the entire nation stoned him with their esrogim. For they said: "He was a Sadducee," for they say that there is no water libation.
כְּמַעֲשֵׂהוּ בְּחל כָּךְ מַעֲשֵׂהוּ בְּשַׁבָּת. אֶלָּא שֶׁהָיָה מְמַלֵּא מֵעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת חָבִית שֶׁל זָהָב וְאֵינָהּ מִכְּלֵי הַשָּׁרֵת וּמַנִּיחָהּ בַּלִּשְׁכָּה וּלְמָחָר מְמַלֵּא מִמֶּנָּה:
[The water libation] was performed on the Sabbath in the same manner in which it was performed during the week, except that on Friday, a golden jug that was not a sacrificial vessel was filled [with water] and left in the chamber. On the morrow, [the pitcher used for the libation] was filled from it.
אִם נִשְׁפְּכָה אוֹ נִתְגַּלְּתָה מְמַלֵּא מִן הַכִּיּוֹר וּמְנַסֵּךְ:
If the water was spilled or was uncovered, one should fill [the pitcher] from the basin and pour the libation.
בְּכָל יוֹם וְיוֹם מִימֵי הֶחָג הָיוּ אוֹמְרִים שִׁירָה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ עַל מוּסַף הַיּוֹם. בָּרִאשׁוֹן מִימֵי חֻלּוֹ שֶׁל מוֹעֵד הָיוּ אוֹמְרִין (תהילים כט א) "הָבוּ לַה' בְּנֵי אֵלִים". בַּשֵּׁנִי (תהילים נ טז) "וְלָרָשָׁע אָמַר אֱלֹהִים" וְגוֹ'. בַּשְּׁלִישִׁי (תהילים צד טז) "מִי יָקוּם לִי עִם מְרֵעִים". בָּרְבִיעִי (תהילים צד ח) "בִּינוּ בֹּעֲרִים בָּעָם" וְגוֹ'. בַּחֲמִישִׁי (תהילים פא ז) "הֲסִירוֹתִי מִסֵּבֶל שִׁכְמוֹ". בַּשִּׁשִּׁי (תהילים פב ה) "יִמּוֹטוּ כָּל מוֹסְדֵי אָרֶץ" וְגוֹ'. וְאִם חָל שַׁבָּת לִהְיוֹת בְּאֶחָד מֵהֶן יִמּוֹטוּ יִדָּחֶה:
On every day of the Sukkot festival, a separate song was recited for the Musaf offering. On the first day of Chol HaMoed, they would say: "Render to G-d, children of the mighty..." (Psalm 29). On the second [day of Chol HaMoed], they would say "And to the wicked, G-d said..." (Psalm 50). On the third, they would say: "Who will stand up for me against the wicked?..." (ibid. 94:16). On the fourth, they would say: "Understand, you senseless among the people..." (ibid.:5). On the fifth, they would say: "I removed his shoulder from the burden" (ibid. 81:7). On the sixth, they would say: "All the foundations of the earth tremble" (ibid. 82:5). If the Sabbath falls on one of [the days of Chol HaMoed, the verses beginning] "All the foundations tremble" are superseded [by the song for the additional offering of the Sabbath].
כְּבָר בֵּאַרְנוּ שֶׁכָּל מִשְׁמְרוֹת כְּהֻנָּה עֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבָּעָה. וְכֻלָּן עוֹבְדִין בְּשָׁוֶה בָּרְגָלִים. וּבְחַג הַסֻּכּוֹת הָיָה כָּל מִשְׁמָר מַקְרִיב פַּר אֶחָד אוֹ אַיִל אֶחָד אוֹ שְׂעִיר הַחַטָּאת. אֲבָל הַכְּבָשִׂים יֵשׁ מִשְׁמָר שֶׁמַּקְרִיב מֵהֶן שְׁנֵי כְּבָשִׂים. וְיֵשׁ מִשְׁמָר שֶׁמַּקְרִיב כֶּבֶשׂ אֶחָד. כֵּיצַד. בְּיוֹם טוֹב הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל חַג הָיוּ שָׁם שְׁלֹשָׁה עָשָׂר פָּרִים וּשְׁנֵי אֵילִים וְשָׂעִיר. כָּל מִשְׁמָר מַקְרִיב בְּהֵמָה אַחַת מֵהֶם. נִשְׁאֲרוּ שָׁם אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר כְּבָשִׂים לִשְׁמוֹנֶה מִשְׁמָרוֹת. שִׁשָּׁה מִשְׁמָרוֹת מַקְרִיבִין שְׁנַיִם שְׁנַיִם וּשְׁנֵי מִשְׁמָרוֹת מַקְרִיבִין אֶחָד אֶחָד. בַּשֵּׁנִי הָיוּ שָׁם שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר פָּרִים וּשְׁנֵי אֵילִים וְשָׂעִיר. כָּל מִשְׁמָר מַקְרִיב אֶחָד. נִשְׁאֲרוּ שָׁם אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר כְּבָשִׂים לְתִשְׁעָה מִשְׁמָרוֹת. חֲמִשָּׁה מַקְרִיבִין שְׁנַיִם שְׁנַיִם. וְאַרְבָּעָה מַקְרִיבִין אֶחָד אֶחָד. בַּשְּׁלִישִׁי הָיוּ שָׁם אַחַד עָשָׂר פָּרִים וּשְׁנֵי אֵילִים וְשָׂעִיר. כָּל מִשְׁמָר מַקְרִיב אֶחָד. נִשְׁאֲרוּ אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר כְּבָשִׂים לַעֲשָׂרָה מִשְׁמָרוֹת. אַרְבָּעָה מַקְרִיבִין שְׁנַיִם שְׁנַיִם וְשִׁשָּׁה מַקְרִיבִין אֶחָד אֶחָד. בָּרְבִיעִי הָיוּ שָׁם עֲשָׂרָה פָּרִים וּשְׁנֵי אֵילִים וְשָׂעִיר. כָּל מִשְׁמָר מַקְרִיב אֶחָד. נִשְׁאֲרוּ שָׁם אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר כְּבָשִׂים לְאַחַד עָשָׂר מִשְׁמָר. שְׁלֹשָׁה מַקְרִיבִין שְׁנַיִם שְׁנַיִם וּשְׁמוֹנָה מַקְרִיבִין אֶחָד אֶחָד. בַּחֲמִישִׁי הָיוּ שָׁם תִּשְׁעָה פָּרִים וּשְׁנֵי אֵילִים וְשָׂעִיר. כָּל מִשְׁמָר מַקְרִיב אֶחָד. נִשְׁאֲרוּ שָׁם אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר כְּבָשִׂים לִשְׁנֵים עָשָׂר מִשְׁמָר. שְׁנֵי מִשְׁמָרוֹת מַקְרִיבִין שְׁנַיִם שְׁנַיִם וַעֲשָׂרָה מַקְרִיבִין אֶחָד אֶחָד. בַּשִּׁשִּׁי הָיוּ שְׁמוֹנָה פָּרִים וּשְׁנֵי אֵילִים וְשָׂעִיר. כָּל מִשְׁמָר מַקְרִיב אֶחָד. נִשְׁאֲרוּ שָׁם אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר כְּבָשִׂים לִשְׁלֹשָׁה עָשָׂר מִשְׁמָר. מִשְׁמָר אֶחָד מֵהֶן מַקְרִיב שְׁנֵי כְּבָשִׂים וּשְׁנֵים עָשָׂר מִשְׁמָר מַקְרִיבִין אֶחָד אֶחָד. בַּשְּׁבִיעִי הָיוּ שָׁם שִׁבְעָה פָּרִים וּשְׁנֵי אֵילִים וְשָׂעִיר. וְאַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר כְּבָשִׂים כְּמִנְיַן הַמִּשְׁמָרוֹת. נִמְצָא כָּל מִשְׁמָר מַקְרִיב בְּהֵמָה אַחַת:
We have already explained that there are a total of 24 priestly watches and they all serve with equal rights during the festivals. On the holiday of Sukkot, each watch would offer [only] one bull, one ram, or a goat as a sin-offering. With regard to the sheep, however, [there was a difference]. There were watches which would offer two sheep and there were watches that would offer one. What is implied? On the first day of the festival of Sukkot, there are thirteen bulls, two rams, and a goat. Every watch [that receives an animal to offer] would offer one of these animals. Thus there remain fourteen sheep for eight watches. Six watches offer two sheep and two watches offer one. On the second day, there are twelve bulls, two rams, and a goat. Every watch [that receives an animal to offer] would offer one of these animals. Thus there remain fourteen sheep for nine watches. Five watches offer two sheep and four watches offer one. On the third day, there are eleven bulls, two rams, and a goat. Every watch [that receives an animal to offer] would offer one of these animals. Thus there remain fourteen sheep for ten watches. Four watches offer two sheep and six watches offer one. On the fourth day, there are ten bulls, two rams, and a goat. Every watch [that receives an animal to offer] would offer one of these animals. Thus there remain fourteen sheep for eleven watches. Three watches offer two sheep and eight watches offer one. On the fifth day, there are nine bulls, two rams, and a goat. Every watch [that receives an animal to offer] would offer one of these animals. Thus there remain fourteen sheep for twelve watches. Two watches offer two sheep and ten watches offer one. On the sixth day, there are eight bulls, two rams, and a goat. Every watch [that receives an animal to offer] would offer one of these animals. Thus there remain fourteen sheep for thirteen watches. One watch offers two sheep and twelve watches offer one. On the seventh day, there are seven bulls, two rams, a goat, and fourteen sheep, [an amount of animals] equivalent to the number of watches. Each watch offers one animal.
וְכָל מִי שֶׁהָיָה מַקְרִיב פַּר הַיּוֹם לֹא הָיָה מַקְרִיב פַּר לְמָחָר אֶלָּא חוֹזְרִין חֲלִילָה. בַּשְּׁמִינִי חוֹזְרִין לְפַיִס כֻּלָּן כְּאֶחָד כִּשְׁאָר הָרְגָלִים כְּמוֹ שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ:
Whichever watch offered a bull one day did not offer a bull the next day. Instead, they would rotate. On the eighth day, they allot them through a lottery in which all watches are equal, as we explained.
בְּיוֹם טוֹב הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל חַג שֶׁחָל לִהְיוֹת בְּשַׁבָּת הָיָה שָׁם מִנְחַת נְסָכִים שֶׁל מוּסָפִין וְשֶׁל תְּמִידִין שִׁשִּׁים וְאֶחָד עִשָּׂרוֹן וְלֹא הָיוּ מְעָרְבִין אוֹתוֹ:
When the first day of the festival of Sukkot fell on the Sabbath, there would be 61 esronim of accompanying meal-offerings from the additional offerings and the continuous offerings. They would not be mixed together.
וּלְעוֹלָם אֵין מְעָרְבִין נְסָכִים. אֶלָּא נִסְכֵּי הַפָּרִים לְבַדָּם וְנִסְכֵּי הָאֵילִים לְבַדָּם וְנִסְכֵּי כְּבָשִׂים לְבַדָּם. בֵּין בְּקָרְבְּנוֹת צִבּוּר בֵּין בְּקָרְבְּנוֹת יָחִיד:
The accompanying meal-offerings are never mixed together. Instead, the accompanying offerings of bulls [are prepared and offered] separately, those of rams separately, and those of sheep separately. [This applies] both with regard to communal offerings and individual offerings.
וְכָל הַחֲלָבִים שֶׁל קָרְבָּנוֹת בֵּין קָרְבְּנוֹת צִבּוּר בֵּין קָרְבְּנוֹת יָחִיד אֵין מְעָרְבִין אוֹתָן זֶה בָּזֶה אֶלָּא מַקְטִירִין אֵימוּרֵי כָּל קָרְבָּן וְקָרְבָּן בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ. וְאִם נִתְעָרְבוּ מַקְטִיר הַכּל כְּאֶחָד:
All of the fats of the sacrifices [that are to be offered on the altar] - whether from communal sacrifices or from individual sacrifices - should not be mixed with each other. Instead, the fats and the organs of each sacrifice are offered on the altar's pyre separately. If, however, they become mixed together, they may be offered all as one.
מְנָחוֹת שֶׁל נְסָכִים שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבוּ זוֹ בָּזוֹ אַחַר שֶׁנִּבְלַל כָּל מִין וּמִין בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ כְּשֵׁרוֹת:
If the meal-offerings of the accompanying offerings become intermingled after each type was mixed with oil separately, they are acceptable.
וְכֵיוָן שֶׁנִּבְלְלוּ הַמְּנָחוֹת וְנִתְעָרֵב שַׁמְנָן וְסָלְתָּן הֲרֵי זֶה מֻתָּר לְעָרֵב יַיִן שֶׁלָּהֶן לְכַתְּחִלָּה. וְכֵן אִם הִקְטִיר מְנָחוֹת שֶׁל נְסָכִים כָּל אַחַת וְאַחַת בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ הֲרֵי זֶה מֻתָּר לְעָרֵב הַיַּיִן שֶׁלָּהֶן:
Since the meal-offerings were mixed together and their oil and meal have become intermingled, it is permissible to mix their wine [libations] together as an initial preference. Similarly, if the meal-offerings of the accompanying offerings were already offered, each one separately, it is permissible to mix their wine [libations] together.
כְּשֶׁמְּעָרְבִין הַיַּיִן שֶׁל נְסָכִים יֵשׁ לוֹ לְעָרֵב יֵין נְסָכִים שֶׁל אֶמֶשׁ בְּשֶׁל יוֹם וְשֶׁל יָחִיד בְּשֶׁל צִבּוּר. וּכְשֶׁמְּעָרֵב מְעָרֵב יֵין נִסְכֵּי פָּרִים בְּיֵין נִסְכֵּי אֵילִים יֵין נִסְכֵּי כְּבָשִׂים בְּיֵין נִסְכֵּי כְּבָשִׂים. אֲבָל אֵין מְעָרְבִין יֵין נִסְכֵּי כְּבָשִׂים בְּיֵין נִסְכֵּי פָּרִים וְאֵילִים:
When the wine-libations of the accompanying offerings are mixed together, it is permissible to mix a wine libation of a sacrifice offered on the previous day with one offered on the present day or those of an individual offering with those of a communal offering. When one mixes together [wine libations], he may mix the wine libations of the accompanying offerings of bulls with those of the accompanying offerings of rams, or those of the accompanying offerings of sheep with others of the accompanying offerings of sheep. One should not, however, mix the wine libations of the accompanying offerings of sheep with those of bulls or rams.
וּלְעוֹלָם אֵין מְעָרְבִין הַיַּיִן לְכַתְּחִלָּה אֶלָּא אַחַר שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבָה הַסּלֶת אוֹ אַחַר שֶׁהִקְטִירוּ כְּמוֹ שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ:
As an initial preference, one should not mix wine [libations] unless the meal-offerings have been mixed together or they have been offered, as we explained.