Forbidden Foods Chapter 3

כָּל מַאֲכָל הַיּוֹצֵא מִמִּין מִן הַמִּינִין הָאֲסוּרִין שֶׁלּוֹקִין עַל אֲכִילָתָן הֲרֵי אוֹתוֹ הַמַּאֲכָל אָסוּר בַּאֲכִילָה מִן הַתּוֹרָה. כְּגוֹן חֲלֵב בְּהֵמָה וְחַיָּה הַטְּמֵאִים וּבֵיצֵי עוֹף וְדָג הַטְּמֵאִים שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא יא טז) (דברים יד טו) "וְאֵת בַּת הַיַּעֲנָה" זוֹ בֵּיצָתָהּ. וְהוּא הַדִּין לְכָל הָאָסוּר כְּיַעֲנָה וּלְכָל הַדְּבָרִים הַדּוֹמִין לְבֵיצָה:

Any food that is produced from forbidden species for which lashes are given for partaking of is forbidden to be eaten according to Scriptural Law, e.g., milk from a forbidden species of domesticated animal or wild beast or the eggs of a forbidden species of birds or fish. [This is derived from Leviticus 11:16 which mentions]: "the bat of the ostrich." [Our Sages commented:] "This refers to its egg." The same law applies to all species that are forbidden like an ostrich and all entities [that are produce] like eggs.

חֲלֵב הָאָדָם מֻתָּר בַּאֲכִילָה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁבְּשַׂר הָאָדָם אָסוּר בַּאֲכִילָה. וּכְבָר בֵּאַרְנוּ שֶׁהוּא בַּעֲשֵׂה:

Human milk is permitted to be eaten, although the meat of a human is forbidden to be eaten. We have already explained that it is forbidden by virtue of a positive commandment.

דְּבַשׁ דְּבוֹרִים וּדְבַשׁ צְרָעִים מֻתָּר מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִתַּמְצִית גּוּפָן אֶלָּא כּוֹנְסִין אוֹתוֹ מִן הָעֲשָׂבִים בְּתוֹךְ פִּיהֶן וּמְקִיאִין אוֹתוֹ בַּכַּוֶּרֶת כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּמְצְאוּ אוֹתוֹ לֶאֱכל מִמֶּנּוּ בִּימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים:

Honey produced by bees and hornets is permitted. [The rationale is that] it is not a product of their bodies. Instead, it is collected in their mouths from herbs and then expelled in their hive so that they will be able to partake of it in the rainy season.

אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁחֲלֵב אָדָם מֻתָּר אָסְרוּ חֲכָמִים לְגָדוֹל לִינֹק אוֹתוֹ מִן הַשָּׁדַיִם אֶלָּא חוֹלֶבֶת אִשָּׁה לְתוֹךְ הַכְּלִי וְשׁוֹתֶה. וְגָדוֹל שֶׁיָּנַק מִן הַשָּׁד כְּיוֹנֵק שֶׁרֶץ וּמַכִּין אוֹתוֹ מַכַּת מַרְדּוּת:

Although human milk is permitted, our Sages prohibited an adult to nurse from [a woman's] breasts. Instead, the woman should express it into a container and the adult should partake of it. An adult who nurses from [a woman's] breast is like one who nurses from a teeming animal. He is given stripes for rebellious conduct.

יוֹנֵק תִּינוֹק וְהוֹלֵךְ אֲפִלּוּ אַרְבַּע אוֹ חָמֵשׁ שָׁנִים. וְאִם גְּמָלוּהוּ וּפָרַשׁ שְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים אוֹ יֶתֶר מֵחֲמַת בֻּרְיוֹ לֹא מֵחֲמַת חָלְיוֹ אֵינוֹ חוֹזֵר וְיוֹנֵק. וְהוּא שֶׁגְּמָלוּהוּ אַחַר כ"ד חֹדֶשׁ. אֲבָל בְּתוֹךְ זְמַן זֶה אֲפִלּוּ גְּמָלוּהוּ חֹדֶשׁ אוֹ שְׁנַיִם מֻתָּר לַחֲזֹר וְלִינֹק עַד סוֹף כ"ד חֹדֶשׁ:

An infant may continue to nurse for even four or five years. If, however, he was weaned for three days or more in a state of health and not because of sickness, he should not be allowed to nurse again. [The above applies] provided he was weaned after 24 months. If he was weaned within that time, even if he was weaned for a month or two, it is permitted to have him nurse again until the conclusion of 24 months.

אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁחֲלֵב בְּהֵמָה טְמֵאָה וּבֵיצֵי עוֹף טָמֵא אֲסוּרִין מִן הַתּוֹרָה אֵין לוֹקִין עֲלֵיהֶם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא יא ח) (דברים יד ח) "מִבְּשָׂרָם לֹא תֹאכֵלוּ" עַל הַבָּשָׂר הוּא לוֹקֶה וְאֵינוֹ לוֹקֶה. עַל הַבֵּיצָה וְעַל הֶחָלָב. וַהֲרֵי הָאוֹכֵל אוֹתָן כְּאוֹכֵל חֲצִי שִׁעוּר שֶׁהוּא אָסוּר מִן הַתּוֹרָה וְאֵינוֹ לוֹקֶה אֲבָל מַכִּין אוֹתוֹ מַכַּת מַרְדּוּת:

Although the milk of a non-kosher animal and the egg of a non-kosher fowl are forbidden according to Scriptural Law, [one is] not [liable for] lashes [for partaking of them. [This is derived from Leviticus 11:8] which states: "You may not eat from their flesh." [Implied is that] one is liable for lashes for [partaking of] their flesh, but is not liable for lashes for [partaking of] their eggs and milk. One who partakes [of these substances] is like one who eats half the minimum measure [of a forbidden substance]. This is forbidden according to Scriptural Law, but one is not liable for lashes. Instead, he receives stripes for rebellious conduct.

יֵרָאֶה לִי שֶׁהָאוֹכֵל בֵּיצֵי דָּגִים טְמֵאִים הַנִּמְצָאִים בִּמְעֵיהֶם כְּאוֹכֵל קִרְבֵי דָּגִים טְמֵאִים וְלוֹקֶה מִן הַתּוֹרָה. וְכֵן בֵּיצֵי הָעוֹף הַטָּמֵא הַתְּלוּיוֹת בְּאֶשְׁכּוֹל שֶׁעֲדַיִן לֹא פָּרְשׁוּ וְנִגְמְרוּ. הָאוֹכֵל אוֹתָן לוֹקֶה כְּאוֹכֵל בְּנֵי מֵעַיִם שֶׁלָּהֶן:

It appears to me that eating the eggs of non-kosher species of fish that are found in their bellies is comparable to eating the insides of the forbidden fish themselves and one is liable for lashes according to Scriptural Law. Similarly, when a person partakes of the eggs of a non-kosher fowl that are hanging in a cluster without being separated from the mother's body or completed, he is liable for lashes as if he ate the insides of [the fowl itself].

בֵּיצַת עוֹף טָמֵא שֶׁהִתְחִיל הָאֶפְרוֹחַ לְהִתְרַקֵּם בָּהּ וַאֲכָלוֹ לוֹקֶה מִשּׁוּם אוֹכֵל שֶׁרֶץ הָעוֹף. אֲבָל בֵּיצַת הָעוֹף טָהוֹר שֶׁהִתְחִיל הָאֶפְרוֹחַ לְהִתְרַקֵּם בָּהּ וַאֲכָלָהּ מַכִּין אוֹתוֹ מַכַּת מַרְדּוּת:

When one partakes of the egg of a non-kosher fowl inside of which an embryo has begun to take form, he is liable for eating a flying teeming animal. If, however, one partakes of the egg of a kosher fowl inside of which an embryo has begun to take form, he is liable for stripes for rebellious conduct.

נִמְצָא עָלֶיהָ קֹרֶט דָּם. אִם עַל הַחֶלְבּוֹן זוֹרֵק אֶת הַדָּם וְאוֹכֵל אֶת הַשְּׁאָר. וְאִם עַל הַחֶלְמוֹן אֲסוּרָה כֻּלָּהּ. בֵּיצָה הַמּוּזֶרֶת הַנֶּפֶשׁ הַיָּפָה תֹּאכְלֶנָּה:

[The following laws apply if] a blood spot is found on an egg. If it is found on the white, one should discard the blood and eat the remainder of the egg. If it is found on the yolk, the entire egg is forbidden. Unfertilized eggs - a refined person partakes of them.

אֶפְרוֹחַ שֶׁנּוֹלַד אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא נִתְפַּתְּחוּ עֵינָיו מֻתָּר לְאָכְלוֹ. בְּהֵמָה טְהוֹרָה שֶׁנִּטְרְפָה חֲלָבָהּ אָסוּר כַּחֲלֵב בְּהֵמָה טְמֵאָה. וְכֵן בֵּיצַת עוֹף טָהוֹר שֶׁנִּטְרַף כְּבֵיצַת עוֹף טָמֵא וְאָסוּר:

When a chick is hatched, even if its eyes have not opened, it is permitted [to slaughter it and] eat it. When a kosher animal became trefe, its milk is forbidden like the milk of a non-kosher animal. Similarly, the egg of a kosher fowl that became trefe is comparable to the egg of a non-kosher fowl and is forbidden.

אֶפְרוֹחַ שֶׁנּוֹלַד מִבֵּיצַת טְרֵפָה מֻתָּר שֶׁאֵין מִינוֹ טָמֵא. הָיָה הָעוֹף סְפֵק טְרֵפָה כָּל הַבֵּיצִים שֶׁתֵּלֵד בַּעֲרֵמָה רִאשׁוֹנָה מַשְׁהִין אוֹתָן. אִם טָעֲנָה עֲרֵמָה שְׁנִיָּה וְהִתְחִילָה לֵילֵד הֻתְּרוּ הָרִאשׁוֹנוֹת שֶׁאִם הָיְתָה טְרֵפָה לֹא הָיְתָה יוֹלֶדֶת עוֹד. וְאִם לֹא יָלְדָה הֲרֵי הֵן אֲסוּרוֹת:

When a chick is hatched from an egg from a trefe fowl, it is permitted, for it is not from a non-kosher species. When there is an unresolved question whether a fowl is trefe or not, we retain all the eggs it lays in its first batch. If it grows another batch and begins laying them, the first ones are permitted. For if it was trefe, it would no longer lay eggs. If it does not lay eggs, [the first batch] are forbidden.

חֲלֵב בְּהֵמָה טְמֵאָה אֵינוֹ נִקְפֶּה וְעוֹמֵד כַּחֲלֵב הַטְּהוֹרָה. וְאִם נִתְעָרֵב חֲלֵב טְמֵאָה בַּחֲלֵב בְּהֵמָה טְהוֹרָה כְּשֶׁתַּעֲמִיד אוֹתוֹ יַעֲמוֹד חֲלֵב הַטְּהוֹרָה וְיֵצֵא חֲלֵב הַטֻּמְאָה עִם הַקּוֹם שֶׁל גְּבִינָה:

The milk of a non-kosher animal will not coagulate and form into cheese like the milk of a kosher animal. If milk of a non-kosher animal were mixed with that of a kosher animal, when it coagulates into cheese, the non-kosher milk with its whey will flow out of the cheese.

וּמִפְּנֵי זֶה יִתֵּן הַדִּין שֶׁכָּל חָלָב הַנִּמְצָא בְּיַד עַכּוּ"ם אָסוּר שֶׁמָּא עֵרֵב בּוֹ חֲלֵב בְּהֵמָה טְמֵאָה. וּגְבִינַת הָעַכּוּ"ם מֻתֶּרֶת שֶׁאֵין חֲלֵב בְּהֵמָה טְמֵאָה מִתְגַּבֵּן. אֲבָל בִּימֵי חַכְמֵי מִשְׁנָה גָּזְרוּ עַל גְּבִינַת הָעַכּוּ"ם וַאֲסָרוּם מִפְּנֵי שֶׁמַּעֲמִידִין אוֹתָהּ בְּעוֹר קֵבָה שֶׁל שְׁחִיטָתָן שֶׁהִיא נְבֵלָה. וְאִם תֹּאמַר וַהֲלֹא עוֹר הַקֵּבָה דָּבָר קָטָן הוּא עַד מְאֹד בֶּחָלָב שֶׁעָמַד בּוֹ וְלָמָּה לֹא יִבָּטֵל בְּמִעוּטוֹ. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא הַמַּעֲמִיד הַגְּבִינָה. וְהוֹאִיל וְדָבָר הָאָסוּר הוּא שֶׁהֶעֱמִיד הֲרֵי הַכּל אָסוּר כְּמוֹ שֶׁיִּתְבָּאֵר:

It therefore is logical that any milk owned by a non-Jew is prohibited, lest they have mixed in the milk of a non-kosher animal. Cheese produced by a non-Jew is permitted, since milk of a non-kosher animal cannot become cheese. However, in the days of the sages, they decreed that cheese produced by a non-Jew be prohibited, lest they coagulate it using the non-kosher stomach lining of animals they slaughter. And if you will say - the stomach-lining is negligible in relation in the amount of milk; should it not be considered nullified? Since it is the very thing which creates the cheese, and if the thing which creates the cheese is prohibited, the whole thing is prohibited, as will be explained.

גְּבִינָה שֶׁמַּעֲמִידִין אוֹתָהּ הָעַכּוּ"ם בַּעֲשָׂבִים אוֹ בְּמֵי פֵּרוֹת כְּגוֹן שְׂרַף הַתְּאֵנִים וַהֲרֵי הֵן נִכָּרִין בַּגְּבִינָה הוֹרוּ מִקְצָת הַגְּאוֹנִים שֶׁהִיא אֲסוּרָה. שֶׁכְּבָר גָּזְרוּ עַל כָּל גְּבִינַת הָעַכּוּ"ם בֵּין שֶׁהֶעֱמִידוּהָ בְּדָבָר אָסוּר בֵּין שֶׁהֶעֱמִידוּהָ בְּדָבָר הַמֻּתָּר גְּזֵרָה מִשּׁוּם שֶׁמַּעֲמִידִין אוֹתָהּ בְּדָבָר הָאָסוּר:

[The following laws apply when] cheese is left to solidify with herbs or fruit juice, e.g., fig syrup, and it is apparent [that these substances were used for] the cheese. There are some of the Geonim who have ruled that it is forbidden, for [our Sages] already decreed that all the cheeses of gentiles are forbidden, whether they caused them to solidify with a forbidden entity or with a permitted entity. This is a decree, [instituted] because they cause them to solidify using forbidden entities.

הָאוֹכֵל גְּבִינַת הָעַכּוּ"ם אוֹ חָלָב שֶׁחֲלָבוֹ עַכּוּ"ם וְאֵין יִשְׂרָאֵל רוֹאֵהוּ מַכִּין אוֹתוֹ מַכַּת מַרְדּוּת. הַחֶמְאָה שֶׁל עַכּוּ"ם מִקְצָת הַגְּאוֹנִים הִתִּירוּהָ שֶׁהֲרֵי לֹא גָּזְרוּ עַל הַחֶמְאָה וַחֲלֵב הַטְּמֵאָה אֵינוֹ עוֹמֵד. וּמִקְצָת הַגְּאוֹנִים אֲסָרוּהָ מִפְּנֵי צִחְצוּחֵי חָלָב שֶׁיִּשָּׁאֵר בָּהּ. שֶׁהֲרֵי הַקּוֹם שֶׁבַּחֶמְאָה אֵינוֹ מְעֹרָב עִם הַחֶמְאָה כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּבָּטֵל בְּמִעוּטוֹ. וְכָל חָלָב שֶׁלָּהֶן חוֹשְׁשִׁין לוֹ שֶׁמָּא עֵרְבוּ בּוֹ חֲלֵב בְּהֵמָה טְמֵאָה:

[If] a person eats the cheese of non-Jews or milk that was milked by a non-Jew and no Jew watched him, they give him lashes for rebellious conduct. [Regarding] the butter of non-Jews, some of the Geonim permit it, for [the Sages] did not make a decree against butter, and impure milk [from a non-kosher animal] will not coagulate [into the butter]. But some of the Geonim prohibit it, because of the drops of milk that remain in it. For the whey in the butter is not mixed into the butter in such a way as to be nullified based on its minimal quantity. And we suspect all milk from them [non-Jews], lest it be mixed with the milk of an impure [non-kosher] animal.

יֵרָאֶה לִי שֶׁאִם לָקַח חֶמְאָה מִן הָעַכּוּ"ם וּבִשְּׁלָהּ עַד שֶׁהָלְכוּ לָהֶן צִחְצוּחֵי חָלָב הֲרֵי זוֹ מֻתֶּרֶת. שֶׁאִם תֹּאמַר נִתְעָרְבוּ עִמָּן וְנִתְבַּשְּׁלוּ כֻּלָּן בָּטְלוּ בְּמִעוּטָם. אֲבָל הַחֶמְאָה שֶׁבִּשְּׁלוּ אוֹתָהּ עַכּוּ"ם אֲסוּרָה מִשּׁוּם גִּעוּלֵי עַכּוּ"ם כְּמוֹ שֶׁיִּתְבָּאֵר:

It appears to me that if one purchased butter from non-Jews and cooked it until the drops of milk left, it is permitted. If you would say [that drops of non-kosher milk] were mixed with [the butter] and they were all cooked together, [the non-kosher milk drops] would be nullified based on their minimal quantity. But [if] the butter was cooked by non-Jews, it is forbidden because of the leeching of non-Jewish [vessels into food], as will be explained.

יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁיָּשַׁב בְּצַד הָעֵדֶר שֶׁל נָכְרִי וּבָא הַנָּכְרִי וְהֵבִיא לוֹ חָלָב מִן הָעֵדֶר אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּעֵדֶר בְּהֵמָה טְמֵאָה הֲרֵי זוֹ מֻתָּר. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא רָאָה אוֹתוֹ חוֹלֵב. וְהוּא שֶׁיָּכוֹל לִרְאוֹתוֹ כְּשֶׁהוּא חוֹלֵב כְּשֶׁיַּעֲמֹד. שֶׁהַנָּכְרִי מִתְיָרֵא לַחֲלֹב מִן הַטְּמֵאָה שֶׁמָּא יַעֲמֹד וְיִרְאֶה אוֹתוֹ:

When a Jew sits near a herd belonging to a gentile and the gentile brings him milk from the herd, it is permitted [for him to partake of it] even though there are non-kosher animals in the herd. [This applies] even though he did not see him milk the animal, provided he could have seen him were he to stand. [The rationale is that] the gentile is afraid to milk the non-kosher animal lest [the Jew] stand and see him.

בֵּיצָה שֶׁשְּׁנֵי רָאשֶׁיהָ כַּדִּין אוֹ שֶׁשְּׁנֵי רָאשֶׁיהָ חַדִּין. אוֹ שֶׁהָיָה חֶלְמוֹן מִבַּחוּץ וְחֶלְבּוֹן מִבִּפְנִים בְּיָדוּעַ שֶׁהוּא בֵּיצַת עוֹף טָמֵא. רֹאשָׁהּ אֶחָד כַּד וְרֹאשָׁהּ אֶחָד חַד וְחֶלְבּוֹן מִבַּחוּץ וְחֶלְמוֹן מִבִּפְנִים. אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁהִיא בֵּיצַת עוֹף טָמֵא וְאֶפְשָׁר שֶׁהִיא בֵּיצַת עוֹף טָהוֹר. לְפִיכָךְ שׁוֹאֵל לַצַּיָּד יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁמּוֹכְרָהּ. אִם אָמַר לוֹ שֶׁל עוֹף פְּלוֹנִי הוּא וְעוֹף טָהוֹר הוּא סוֹמֵךְ עָלָיו. וְאִם אָמַר שֶׁל עוֹף טָהוֹר וְלֹא אָמַר לוֹ שְׁמוֹ אֵינוֹ סוֹמֵךְ עָלָיו:

When both of the ends of an egg are rounded, both are pointed, or the yolk is on the outside and the white is on the inside, it is certainly from a non-kosher species. If one end is pointed, the other rounded, and the white is on the outside and the yolk is on the inside, it is possible that it is the egg of a non-kosher species and it is possible that it is the egg of a kosher species. Accordingly, the Jew should inquire of the Jewish hunter who sells them. If he tells him that they are from such-and-such a fowl and that this fowl is kosher, he may rely on him. If, however, he tells him that they are from a kosher fowl, but does not mention its name, he may not rely on him.

לְפִיכָךְ אֵין לוֹקְחִים בֵּיצִים מִן הָעַכּוּ"ם אֶלָּא אִם הָיָה מַכִּיר אוֹתָן וְיֵשׁ לוֹ בָּהֶן טְבִיעוּת עַיִן שֶׁהֵן בֵּיצֵי עוֹף פְּלוֹנִי הַטָּהוֹר. וְאֵין חוֹשְׁשִׁין לָהֶן שֶׁמָּא הֵן בֵּיצֵי טְרֵפָה אוֹ בֵּיצֵי נְבֵלָה. וְאֵין לוֹקְחִין מִן הָעַכּוּ"ם בֵּיצָה טְרוּפָה כְּלָל:

For this reason, we do not purchase eggs from gentiles unless one recognizes the eggs and can identify them as being from a particular kosher species of fowl. We do not suspect that they came from a fowl that was trefe or nevelah. And we do not purchase an [unshelled and] stirred egg from a gentile at all.

בֵּיצֵי דָּגִים סִימָנֵיהֶם כְּסִימָנֵי בֵּיצֵי הָעוֹף. אִם הָיוּ שְׁנֵי רָאשֶׁיהָ כַּדִּין אוֹ חַדִּין טְמֵאָה. אֶחָד כַּד וְאֶחָד חַד שׁוֹאֵל לְיִשְׂרְאֵלִי הַמּוֹכֵר. אִם אָמַר לוֹ אֲנִי מְלַחְתִּים וְהוֹצֵאתִים מִדָּג טָהוֹר אוֹכֵל עַל פִּיו. וְאִם אָמַר לוֹ טְהוֹרִין הֵם אֵינוֹ נֶאֱמָן אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן הָיָה אָדָם שֶׁהֻחְזַק בְּכַשְׁרוּת:

The distinguishing signs of fish eggs are the same as those for fowl. When both of the ends of an egg are rounded or both are pointed, it is non-kosher. If one end is pointed and the other rounded, he should inquire of the Jew who sells them. If he tells him that he salted them and removed them from a kosher species, he may partake of them on the basis of his statements. If he tells him that they are kosher, he may not rely on him unless he is a person who has an established reputation for observance.

וְכֵן אֵין לוֹקְחִין גְּבִינָה וַחֲתִיכַת דָּג שֶׁאֵין בָּהּ סִימָן אֶלָּא מִיִּשְׂרְאֵלִי שֶׁהֻחְזַק בְּכַשְׁרוּת. אֲבָל בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל כְּשֶׁהָיְתָה רֻבָּהּ יִשְׂרָאֵל לוֹקְחִין מִכָּל יִשְׂרְאֵלִי שֶׁבָּהּ. וְהֶחָלָב לוֹקְחִין אוֹתוֹ מִכָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל מִכָּל מָקוֹם:

Similarly, we may not purchase cheese and pieces of fish that do not have distinguishing signs except from a Jew who has an established reputation for observance. In Eretz Yisrael, at the time it was populated primarily by [observant] Jews, one could purchase these items from any Jew located there. And it is permitted to purchase milk from any Jew, anywhere.

הַכּוֹבֵשׁ דָּגִים טְמֵאִים צִירָן אָסוּר. אֲבָל צִיר חֲגָבִים טְמֵאִים מֻתָּר מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם לַחְלוּחִית. לְפִיכָךְ אֵין לוֹקְחִין צִיר מִן הָעַכּוּ"ם אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן הָיָה בּוֹ דָּג טָהוֹר מְשׁוֹטֵט בּוֹ אֲפִלּוּ דָּג אֶחָד:

When a person pickles non-kosher fish, the brine produced is forbidden. The brine produced by non-kosher locusts, by contrast, is permitted, because they do not possess any moisture. Accordingly, we do not purchase brine from gentiles unless there is a kosher fish floating in it. Even one fish is sufficient.

עַכּוּ"ם שֶׁהֵבִיא עֲרֵבָה מְלֵאָה חָבִיּוֹת פְּתוּחוֹת שֶׁל צִיר וְדָג אֶחָד טָהוֹר בְּאַחַת מֵהֶם כֻּלָּן מֻתָּרוֹת. הָיוּ סְתוּמוֹת פָּתַח אַחַת וְנִמְצָא בָּהּ דָּג טָהוֹר שְׁנִיָּה וְנִמְצָא בָּהּ טָהוֹר כֻּלָּן מֻתָּרוֹת. וְהוּא שֶׁיִּהְיֶה רֹאשׁוֹ שֶׁל דָּג וּשְׁדֵרוֹ קַיָּם כְּדֵי שֶׁיְּהֵא נִכָּר שֶׁהוּא דָּג טָהוֹר. לְפִיכָךְ אֵין לוֹקְחִין דָּגִים מְרוֹצָצִין מְלוּחִין מִן הָעַכּוּ"ם וְהֵם הַנִּקְרָאִים טָרִית טְרוּפָה. וְאִם הָיָה רֹאשׁ הַדָּג וּשְׁדֵרוֹ נִכָּר אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא מְרוֹצָץ מֻתָּר לִקַּח אוֹתוֹ מִן הָעַכּוּ"ם:

When a gentile brings a trough filled with open barrels of brine and there is a kosher fish in one of them, they are all permitted. If they are closed, one opens one and finds a kosher fish and one opens a second and finds a kosher fish, they are all permitted. [This applies] provided the head of the fish and its backbone are present so that it is recognizable that they are from a kosher species of fish. For this reason, we do not purchased crushed, salted fish from gentiles which are called terit terufah. If, however, the head and the backbone of a fish is recognizable, even though it is crushed, it is permitted to purchase it from a gentile.

עַכּוּ"ם שֶׁהֵבִיא גָּרָב שֶׁל חֲתִיכוֹת דָּג שֶׁחִתּוּכָן שָׁוֶה וְהֵן נִכָּרִין שֶׁכֻּלָּן מִדָּג אֶחָד וּמָצָא בַּחֲתִיכָה אַחַת מֵהֶן קַשְׂקַשִּׂין הֲרֵי כֻּלָּן מֻתָּרוֹת:

When a gentile brings a keg of pieces of evenly cut up fish and it is obvious that they are from one fish, they are all permitted if he finds scales on one of the pieces.