Foreign Worship and Customs of the Nations Chapter 12

אֵין מְגַלְּחִין פַּאֲתֵי הָרֹאשׁ כְּמוֹ שֶׁהָיוּ עוֹשִׂין עוֹבְדֵי כּוֹכָבִים שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא יט כז) "לֹא תַקִּפוּ פְּאַת רֹאשְׁכֶם". וְחַיָּב עַל כָּל פֵּאָה וּפֵאָה. לְפִיכָךְ הַמְגַלֵּחַ שְׁנֵי צְדָעָיו אֲפִלּוּ בְּבַת אַחַת וְהַתְרָאָה אַחַת לוֹקֶה שְׁתַּיִם. אֶחָד הַמְגַלֵּחַ הַפֵּאוֹת בִּלְבַד וּמֵנִיחַ שֵׂעָר כָּל הָרֹאשׁ וְאֶחָד הַמְגַלֵּחַ כָּל הָרֹאשׁ כְּאֶחָד לוֹקֶה הוֹאִיל וְגִלַּח הַפֵּאוֹת. בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים בְּאִישׁ הַמְגַלֵּחַ אֲבָל אִישׁ הַמִּתְגַּלֵּחַ אֵינוֹ לוֹקֶה אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן סִיֵּעַ לַמְגַלֵּחַ. וְהַמְגַלֵּחַ אֶת הַקָּטָן לוֹקֶה:

We may not shave the corners of our heads as the idolaters and their priests do, as [Leviticus 19:27] states: "Do not cut off the corners of your heads." One is liable for each corner. Therefore, a person who shaves both his temples - even if he were to do so simultaneously and had received only a single warning – is [liable for] two measures of lashes. [This prohibition applies equally to] one who shaves off only the corners of his head and leaves the remainder of his hair, and to one who shaves his entire head at once. Since he has shaved the corners, he is [liable for] lashes. To whom does the above apply? To the person who shaves. The person [whose head] is shaven is not lashed unless he assists the one who is shaving him. One who shaves [the corners of] a child's [head] should be [liable for] lashes.

הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁגִּלְּחָה פְּאַת רֹאשׁ הָאִישׁ אוֹ שֶׁנִּתְגַלְּחָה פְּטוּרָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא יט כז) "לֹא תַקִּפוּ פְּאַת רֹאשְׁכֶם" (ויקרא יט כז) "וְלֹא תַשְׁחִית פְּאַת זְקָנֶךָ" כָּל שֶׁיֶּשְׁנוֹ בְּבַל תַּשְׁחִית יֶשְׁנוֹ בְּבַל תַּקִּיף, וְאִשָּׁה שֶׁאֵינָהּ בְּבַל תַּשְׁחִית לְפִי שֶׁאֵין לָהּ זָקָן אֵינָהּ בְּבַל תַּקִּיף. לְפִיכָךְ הָעֲבָדִים הוֹאִיל וְיֵשׁ לָהֶם זָקָן אֲסוּרִין בְּהַקָּפָה:

A woman is exempt if she shaves the head of a man or has her own head shaven. [Since Leviticus 19:27] states: "Do not cut off the corners of your heads and do not destroy the corners of your beards," [an association between the two prohibitions is established]. Whoever is liable for shaving is liable for cutting off the corners. Therefore, because women are not liable for shaving - since they do not have beards - they are not liable for cutting off the corners [of their heads]. Accordingly, slaves are forbidden to cut off the corners of their heads, since they do possess beards.

כָּל מִצְוֹת לֹא תַּעֲשֶׂה שֶׁבַּתּוֹרָה אֶחָד אֲנָשִׁים וְאֶחָד נָשִׁים חַיָּבִים חוּץ מִ"בַּל תַּשְׁחִית" וּ"בַל תַּקִּיף" וּ"בַל יִטָּמֵא כֹּהֵן לַמֵּתִים" (משנה קידושין א ז). וְכָל מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה שֶׁהִיא מִזְּמַן לִזְמַן וְאֵינָהּ תְּדִירָה נָשִׁים פְּטוּרוֹת חוּץ מִקִּדּוּשׁ הַיּוֹם וַאֲכִילַת מַצָּה בְּלֵילֵי הַפֶּסַח וַאֲכִילַת הַפֶּסַח וּשְׁחִיטָתוֹ וְהַקְהֵל וְשִׂמְחָה שֶׁהַנָּשִׁים חַיָּבוֹת:

All negative commandments in the Torah, both men and women are obligated, except for [not destroying the beard and sideburns] and the Kohen's prohibition of defiling himself to the dead [that apply only to men]. And every positive commandment that is occasional and not constant, women are except, except for Kiddush, eating matzah on the night of Pesach, slaughtering and eating the Pesach sacrifice, Hakhel, and rejoicing [on Festivals] which women are obligated to do.

טֻמְטוּם וְאַנְדְּרוֹגִינוּס הֲרֵי הֵן סָפֵק, נוֹתְנִין עֲלֵיהֶן חֻמְרֵי הָאִישׁ וְחֻמְרֵי הָאִשָּׁה בְּכָל מָקוֹם וְחַיָּבִים בַּכּל. וְאִם עָבְרוּ אֵינָם לוֹקִין:

The status of a tumtum and an androgynous is doubtful. Therefore, the stringencies applying to both a man and a woman are applied to them, and they are obligated by all [the mitzvot]. If, however, they transgress, they are not [liable for] lashes.

אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהָאִשָּׁה מֻתֶּרֶת לְגַלֵּחַ פְּאַת רֹאשָׁהּ הֲרֵי הִיא אֲסוּרָה לְגַלֵּחַ פְּאַת רֹאשׁ הָאִישׁ. וַאֲפִלּוּ קָטָן אָסוּר לָהּ לְגַלֵּחַ לוֹ פֵּאָה:

Although a woman is permitted to shave the corners of her own head, she is forbidden to shave the corners of a man's head. She is even forbidden to shave the corners of a child's [head].

וּפֵאָה זוֹ שֶׁמַּנִּיחִים בַּצְּדָעִים לֹא נָתְנוּ בּוֹ חֲכָמִים שִׁעוּר וְשָׁמַעְנוּ מִזְּקֵנֵינוּ שֶׁאֵינוֹ מַנִּיחַ פָּחוֹת מֵאַרְבָּעִים שְׂעָרוֹת. וּמֻתָּר לְלַקֵּט הַפֵּאוֹת בְּמִסְפָּרַיִם לֹא נֶאֱסַר אֶלָּא הַשְׁחָתָה בְּתַעַר:

The Sages did not determine the amount [of hair] which must be left in the corners of our temples. We have, however, heard from our elders that one must leave at least forty hairs. One may remove the [hairs from] the corners [of our heads] with scissors. The prohibition applies only to total removal with a razor.

דֶּרֶךְ כֹּהֲנֵי עוֹבְדֵי כּוֹכָבִים הָיָה לְהַשְׁחִית זְקָנָם. לְפִיכָךְ אָסְרָה תּוֹרָה לְהַשְׁחִית הַזָּקָן. וְחָמֵשׁ פֵּאוֹת יֵשׁ בּוֹ. לְחִי הָעֶלְיוֹן וּלְחִי הַתַּחְתּוֹן מִיָּמִין וְכֵן מִשְּׂמֹאל וְשִׁבּלֶת הַזָּקָן. וְלוֹקֶה עַל כָּל פֵּאָה וּפֵאָה. וְאִם נְטָלָן כֻּלָּן כְּאַחַת לוֹקֶה חָמֵשׁ. וְאֵינוֹ חַיָּב עַד שֶׁיְּגַלְּחֶנּוּ בְּתַעַר שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא יט כז) "וְלֹא תַשְׁחִית אֵת פְּאַת זְקָנֶךָ" גִּלּוּחַ שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ הַשְׁחָתָה. לְפִיכָךְ אִם גִּלֵּחַ זְקָנוֹ בְּמִסְפָּרַיִם פָּטוּר. וְאֵין הַמִּתְגַּלֵּחַ לוֹקֶה עַד שֶׁיְּסַיֵּעַ. וְאִשָּׁה מֻתֶּרֶת לְהַשְׁחִית זְקָנָהּ אִם יֵשׁ לָהּ שֵׂעָר בַּזָּקָן. וְאִם הִשְׁחִיתָה זְקַן הָאִישׁ פְּטוּרָה:

It is customary for pagan priests to remove their beards. Therefore, the Torah forbade the removal of one's beard. The beard has five "corners": the upper and lower cheek on both the right and left sides, and the hair on the chin. One is [liable for] lashes for the removal of each "corner." A person who removes them all at the same time is [liable for] five measures of lashes. One is liable only when one shaves with a razor, as [implied by Leviticus 19:27]: "Do not destroy the corners of your beard." [We can infer that this applies only] to shaving which utterly destroys [one's facial hair]. Therefore, a person who removes his beard with scissors is exempt. A person who allows himself to be shaved is not [liable for] lashes unless he provides assistance. A woman who has facial hair is allowed to shave it. If she shaves a man's beard, she is exempt.

הַשָּׂפָה מֻתָּר לְגַלְּחוֹ בְּתַעַר וְהוּא הַשֵּׂעָר שֶׁעַל גַּב הַשָּׂפָה הָעֶלְיוֹנָה וְכֵן הַשֵּׂעָר הַמְדֻלְדָּל מִן הַשָּׂפָה הַתַּחְתּוֹנָה. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא מֻתָּר לֹא נָהֲגוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל לְהַשְׁחִיתוֹ אֶלָּא יְגַלֵּחַ קְצָתוֹ עַד שֶׁלֹּא יְעַכֵּב אֲכִילָה וּשְׁתִיָּה:

It is permitted to shave one's mustache - i.e., the hair on the upper lip, and, similarly, the hair which hangs from the lower lip. Even though the removal [of this hair] is permitted, it is customary for the Jews not to destroy it entirely. Rather, its ends may be removed so that it will not interfere with eating or drinking.

הַעֲבָרַת הַשֵּׂעָר מִשְּׁאָר הַגּוּף כְּגוֹן בֵּית הַשֶּׁחִי וּבֵית הָעֶרְוָה אֵינוֹ אָסוּר מִן הַתּוֹרָה אֶלָּא מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים וְהַמַּעֲבִירוֹ מַכִּין אוֹתוֹ מַכַּת מַרְדּוּת. בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁאֵין מַעֲבִירִין אוֹתוֹ אֶלָּא נָשִׁים כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יְתַקֵּן עַצְמוֹ תִּקּוּן נָשִׁים. אֲבָל בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁמַּעֲבִירִין הַשֵּׂעָר הַנָּשִׁים וַאֲנָשִׁים אִם הֶעֱבִיר אֵין מַכִּין אוֹתוֹ. וּמֻתָּר לְהַעֲבִיר שְׂעַר שְׁאָר אֵיבָרִים בְּמִסְפָּרַיִם בְּכָל מָקוֹם:

The Torah does not forbid the removal of hair from other portions of the body - e.g., the armpits or the genitalia. This is, however, prohibited by the Rabbis. A man who removes [such hair] is given stripes for rebelliousness. Where does the above apply? In places where it is customary only for women to remove such hair, so that one will not beautify himself as women do. In places where it is customary for both men and women to remove such hair, one is not given stripes. It is permitted to remove hair from our other limbs with scissors in all communities.

לֹא תַּעֲדֶה אִשָּׁה עֲדִי הָאִישׁ כְּגוֹן שֶׁתָּשִׂים בְּרֹאשָׁהּ מִצְנֶפֶת אוֹ כּוֹבַע אוֹ תִּלְבַּשׁ שִׁרְיוֹן וְכַיּוֹצֵא בּוֹ אוֹ שֶׁתְּגַלֵּחַ רֹאשָׁהּ כְּאִישׁ. וְלֹא יַעֲדֶה אִישׁ עֲדִי אִשָּׁה כְּגוֹן שֶׁיִּלְבַּשׁ בִּגְדֵי צִבְעוֹנִין וַחֲלִי זָהָב בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁאֵין לוֹבְשִׁין אוֹתָן הַכֵּלִים וְאֵין מְשִׂימִים אוֹתוֹ הַחֲלִי אֶלָּא נָשִׁים הַכּל כְּמִנְהַג הַמְּדִינָה. אִישׁ שֶׁעָדָה עֲדִי אִשָּׁה וְאִשָּׁה שֶׁעָדְתָה עֲדִי אִישׁ לוֹקִין. הַמְלַקֵּט שְׂעָרוֹת לְבָנוֹת מִתּוֹךְ הַשְּׁחוֹרוֹת מֵרֹאשׁוֹ אוֹ מִזְּקָנוֹ מִשֶּׁיְּלַקֵּט שַׂעֲרָה אַחַת לוֹקֶה מִפְּנֵי שֶׁעָדָה עֲדִי אִשָּׁה. וְכֵן אִם צָבַע שְׂעָרוֹ שָׁחוֹר מִשֶּׁיִּצְבַּע שֵׂעָר לְבָנָה אַחַת לוֹקֶה. טֻמְטוּם וְאַנְדְּרוֹגִינוּס אֵינוֹ עוֹטֵף כְּאִשָּׁה וְלֹא מְגַלֵּחַ רֹאשׁוֹ כְּאִישׁ וְאִם עָשָׂה כֵּן אֵינוֹ לוֹקֶה:

A woman should not adorn herself as a man does - e.g., she may not place a turban or a hat on her head or wear armor or the like. She may not cut [the hair of] her head as men do. A man should not adorn himself as a woman does - e.g., he should not wear colored garments or golden bracelets in a place where such garments and such bracelets are worn only by women. Everything follows local custom. A man who adorns himself as a woman does, and a woman who adorns herself as a man does, are [liable for] lashes. When a man removes white hairs from among the dark hairs of his head or beard, he should be lashed as soon as he removes a single hair, because he has beautified himself as a woman does. Similarly, if he dyes his hair dark, he is given lashes after dyeing a single hair. A tumtum and an androgynous may not wrap their heads [in a veil] as women do, or cut [the hair of] their head as men do. If they do [either of the above], they are not [liable for] lashes.

כְּתֹבֶת קַעֲקַע הָאֲמוּרָה בַּתּוֹרָה הוּא שֶׁיִּשְׂרֹט עַל בְּשָׂרוֹ וִימַלֵּא מְקוֹם הַשְּׂרִיטָה כָּחל אוֹ דְּיוֹ אוֹ שְׁאָר צִבְעוֹנִים הָרוֹשְׁמִים. וְזֶה הָיָה מִנְהַג הָעַכּוּ"ם שֶׁרוֹשְׁמִין עַצְמָן לַעֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים כְּלוֹמַר שֶׁהוּא עֶבֶד מָכוּר לָהּ וּמֻרְשָׁם לַעֲבוֹדָתָהּ. וּמֵעֵת שֶׁיִּרְשֹׁם בְּאֶחָד מִדְּבָרִים הָרוֹשְׁמִין אַחַר שֶׁיִּשְׂרֹט בְּאֵי זֶה מָקוֹם מִן הַגּוּף בֵּין אִישׁ בֵּין אִשָּׁה לוֹקֶה. כָּתַב וְלֹא רָשַׁם בְּצֶבַע אוֹ שֶׁרָשַׁם בְּצֶבַע וְלֹא כָּתַב בִּשְׂרִיטָה פָּטוּר עַד שֶׁיִּכְתֹּב וִיקַעֲקֵעַ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא יט כח) "וּכְתֹבֶת קַעֲקַע". בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים בְּכוֹתֵב אֲבָל זֶה שֶׁכָּתְבוּ בִּבְשָׂרוֹ וְקִעְקְעוּ בּוֹ אֵינוֹ חַיָּב אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן סִיֵּעַ כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה מַעֲשֶׂה. אֲבָל אִם לֹא עָשָׂה כְּלוּם אֵינוֹ לוֹקֶה:

The tattooing that is spoken of in the Torah is cutting the flesh and filling the place with blue or ink or other dyes that are inscribed. And this was the custom of the idolaters who inscribed themselves for the sake of their idolatry as if to say he is a servant sold to it and inscribed for its service. And when one inscribes with one of these inscribing items after cutting in any place on the body, whether a man or a woman, he or she is to be lashed. One who wrote but did not inscribe with color or who inscribed with color, but did not write with cutting is not liable. Only when he writes and dyes as it is written, "an inked writing (Leviticus 19:28)." To whom does this apply? To the one who does the tattooing, but the one who is tattooed is not liable unless he assisted in creating this deed, but if he did nothing he is not lashed.

הַשּׂוֹרֵט שְׂרִיטָה אַחַת עַל הַמֵּת לוֹקֶה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא יט כח) "וְשֶׂרֶט לָנֶפֶשׁ לֹא תִתְּנוּ בִּבְשַׂרְכֶם". אֶחָד כֹּהֵן וְאֶחָד יִשְׂרָאֵל. שָׂרַט שְׂרִיטָה אַחַת עַל חָמֵשׁ מֵתִים אוֹ חָמֵשׁ שְׂרִיטוֹת עַל מֵת אֶחָד לוֹקֶה חָמֵשׁ. וְהוּא שֶׁהִתְרוּ בּוֹ עַל כָּל אַחַת וְאַחַת:

...

גְּדִידָה וּשְׂרִיטָה אַחַת הִיא. וּכְשֵׁם שֶׁהָיוּ הָעַכּוּ"ם שׂוֹרְטִים בִּבְשָׂרָם עַל מֵתֵיהֶם מִפְּנֵי הַצַּעַר כָּךְ הָיוּ חוֹבְלִין בְּעַצְמָם לַעֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלכים א יח כח) "וַיִּתְגֹּדְדוּ כְּמִשְׁפָּטָם". גַּם זֶה אָסְרָה תּוֹרָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יד א) "לֹא תִתְגֹּדְדוּ". אֶלָּא שֶׁעַל מֵת בֵּין שָׂרַט בְּיָדוֹ בֵּין שָׂרַט בִּכְלִי לוֹקֶה. לַעֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים בִּכְלִי חַיָּב מַלְקוֹת בְּיָדוֹ פָּטוּר:

Gashing and gouging oneself are [governed by] a single [prohibition]. Just as the pagans would gouge their flesh in grief over their dead, they would mutilate themselves for their idols, as [I Kings 18:28] states: "And they mutilated themselves according to their custom." This is also forbidden by the Torah, as [Deuteronomy 14:1] states: "Do not mutilate yourselves." [The difference between the two is that if one gouges himself in grief over] the dead, whether he did so with his bare hands or with an instrument, he is [liable for] lashes; for the sake of idols, if one uses an instrument, one is liable for lashes. If one does so with one's bare hands, one is exempt.

וּבִכְלַל אַזְהָרָה זֶה שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיוּ שְׁנֵי בָּתֵּי דִּינִין בְּעִיר אַחַת זֶה נוֹהֵג כְּמִנְהָג זֶה וְזֶה נוֹהֵג כְּמִנְהָג אַחֵר. שֶׁדָּבָר זֶה גּוֹרֵם לְמַחֲלוֹקוֹת גְּדוֹלוֹת שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יד א) "לֹא תִתְגֹּדְדוּ" לֹא תֵּעָשׂוּ אֲגֻדּוֹת אֲגֻדּוֹת:

Within this prohibition is that there shouldn't be two courts in one city, one that practices this custom and this which practices another, for this will lead to large disputes, as it says "do not divide yourselves" do not make disparate groups.

הַקֹּרֵחַ קָרְחָה עַל הַמֵּת לוֹקֶה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יד א) "וְלֹא תָשִׂימוּ קָרְחָה בֵּין עֵינֵיכֶם לָמֵת". אֶחָד יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאֶחָד כֹּהֵן שֶׁשָּׂרַט עַל הַמֵּת אֵינוֹ לוֹקֶה אֶלָּא אַחַת. הַקֹּרֵחַ אַרְבַּע אוֹ חָמֵשׁ קָרְחוֹת עַל מֵת אֶחָד לוֹקֶה כְּמִנְיַן הַקָּרְחוֹת וְהוּא שֶׁהִתְרוּ בּוֹ עַל כָּל קָרְחָה וְקָרְחָה. אֶחָד הַקֹּרֵחַ בְּיָדוֹ אוֹ בְּסַם אוֹ הִטְבִּיל אֶצְבְּעוֹתָיו בְּסַם וְהִנִּיחָם בַּחֲמִשָּׁה מְקוֹמוֹת בְּרֹאשׁוֹ בְּבַת אַחַת הוֹאִיל וְקָרַח חָמֵשׁ קָרְחוֹת אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִיא הַתְרָאָה אַחַת לוֹקֶה חָמֵשׁ שֶׁהֲרֵי כֻּלָּן בָּאִין כְּאַחַת. וְחַיָּב עַל כָּל הָרֹאשׁ כְּבֵין הָעֵינַיִם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא כא ה) "לֹא יִקְרְחוּ קָרְחָה בְּרֹאשָׁם". וְכַמָּה שִׁעוּר הַקָּרְחָה כְּדֵי שֶׁיֵּרָאֶה מֵרֹאשׁוֹ כִּגְרִיס פָּנוּי בְּלִי שֵׂעָר:

A person who creates a bald spot [on his head] for a dead person is [liable for] lashes, as [Deuteronomy 14:1] states: "Do not make a bald spot between your eyes for a dead person." When either a priest or an Israelite makes a bald spot [on his head] for a dead person, he is [liable for] only a single measure of lashes. A person who makes four or five bald spots for a single dead person is [liable for] a measure of lashes equivalent to the number of bald spots he made, provided he received a separate warning for each bald spot. There is no difference whether one created the bald spot with his hands or with a potion. If a person dipped his fingers into a potion and positioned them in five places on his head at the same time, since he created five bald spots, he is [liable for] five measures of lashes even though only a single warning was given, for they were all created at the same time. One is liable [for creating a bald spot] on any part of the head, [not only] "between the eyes" [as is inferred from Leviticus 21:5]: "Do not make a bald spot on your heads." What is the measure of a bald spot? An area on one's head the size of a gris which is free of hair.

הַקֹּרֵחַ רֹאשׁוֹ אוֹ הַשּׂוֹרֵט בִּבְשָׂרוֹ עַל בֵּיתוֹ שֶׁנָּפַל וְעַל סְפִינָתוֹ שֶׁנִּטְבְּעָה בַּיָּם פָּטוּר וְאֵינוֹ לוֹקֶה אֶלָּא עַל הַמֵּת בִּלְבַד אוֹ הַשּׂוֹרֵט לַעֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים. הַקֹּרֵחַ קָרְחָה בְּרֹאשׁוֹ שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ וְהַשּׂוֹרֵט שְׂרִיטָה בִּבְשַׂר חֲבֵרוֹ וְהַכּוֹתֵב כְּתֹבֶת קַעֲקַע בִּבְשָׂרוֹ שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ וְהָיָה חֲבֵרוֹ מְסַיֵּעַ. בִּזְמַן שֶּׁשְּׁנֵיהֶן מְזִידִין שְׁנֵיהֶן לוֹקִין. אֶחָד שׁוֹגֵג וְאֶחָד מֵזִיד הַמֵּזִיד מִשְּׁנֵיהֶם לוֹקֶה וְהַשּׁוֹגֵג פָּטוּר:

A person who makes a bald spot on his head or gouges his flesh because his house falls or because his ship sinks at sea is exempt. One is lashed only [if he carries out these acts] for the sake of a deceased person or if he gashes his flesh for the sake of an idol. [The following laws apply] when a person creates a bald spot on a colleague's head, makes a gash on a colleague's flesh, or tattoos his colleague's flesh while his colleague assists him. If they both intended to violate the prohibition, both receive lashes. If one violated the prohibition inadvertently and the other did so intentionally, the one who performed the act intentionally is [liable for] lashes, and his colleague is exempt.