Heave Offerings Chapter 6

תְּרוּמָה וּתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר נֶאֱכֶלֶת לְכֹהֲנִים בֵּין גְּדוֹלִים בֵּין קְטַנִּים בֵּין זְכָרִים בֵּין נְקֵבוֹת הֵם וְעַבְדֵיהֶם הַכְּנַעֲנִים וּבְהֶמְתָּן. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא כב יא) "וְכֹהֵן כִּי יִקְנֶה נֶפֶשׁ קִנְיַן כַּסְפּוֹ" וְגוֹ'. עֶבֶד כֹּהֵן שֶׁבָּרַח וְאֵשֶׁת כֹּהֵן שֶׁמָּרְדָה הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ אוֹכְלִין:

The great terumah and terumat ma'aser may be eaten by priests, both adults and minors, both males and females and their Canaanite servants, and their livestock, as [Leviticus 22:11] states: "When a priest will purchase a man, he is a financial acquisition...." When the servant of a priest flees or the wife of a priest rebels against him, they may still partake of terumah.

תְּרוּמָה שֶׁל תּוֹרָה אֵין אוֹכֵל אוֹתָהּ אֶלָּא כֹּהֵן מְיֻחָס. אֲבָל כֹּהֲנֵי חֲזָקָה אוֹכְלִין בִּתְרוּמָה שֶׁל דִּבְרֵיהֶן בִּלְבַד. וּתְרוּמָה טְהוֹרָה בֵּין תְּרוּמָה גְּדוֹלָה בֵּין תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר בֵּין שֶׁל תּוֹרָה בֵּין שֶׁל דִּבְרֵיהֶן אֵינָהּ נִתֶּנֶת אֶלָּא לְכֹהֵן תַּלְמִיד חָכָם. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאָסוּר לֶאֱכל תְּרוּמָה טְמֵאָה. וְכָל עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ בְּחֶזְקַת טֻמְאָה לְפִיכָךְ נוֹתְנִין תְּרוּמָה טְמֵאָה לְכָל כֹּהֵן שֶׁיִּרְצֶה:

Terumah required by Scriptural Law may only be eaten by a priest whose lineage [has been affirmed]. Priests whose status is accepted on the basis of a prevailing assumption may partake only of terumah required by Rabbinic decree. Terumah that is ritually pure, whether the great terumah or terumat ma'aser, whether required by Scriptural or Rabbinic Law is given only to a priest who is a Torah scholar because it is forbidden to partake of terumah that is ritually impure. All of the unlearned people are presumed to be ritually impure. For these reasons, one may give impure terumah to any priest one chooses.

יִשְׂרְאֵלִית שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְכֹהֵן אֲפִלּוּ קְטַנָּה בַּת שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד תֹּאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה וְחָזֶה וְשׁוֹק. וְדִין תּוֹרָה שֶׁתֹּאכַל מִשֶּׁנִּתְאָרְסָה שֶׁהֲרֵי הִיא קִנְיָנוֹ. אֲבָל אָסְרוּ חֲכָמִים שֶׁתֹּאכַל עַד שֶׁתִּכָּנֵס לַחֻפָּה גְּזֵרָה שֶׁמָּא תַּאֲכִיל תְּרוּמָה לְאָבִיהָ וּלְאַחֶיהָ כְּשֶׁהִיא אֲרוּסָה בְּבֵית אָבִיהָ:

When an Israelite woman marries a priest, even a minor three years and one day old, she may partake of terumah and the breast and thigh [given the priests from the peace sacrifices]. According to Scriptural Law, she may partake of these foods from the time that she was consecrated. Our Sages, however, forbade her from partaking of them until she enters the chupah. [This is a] decree, [instituted] lest she give her father and brother terumah to eat while she is a consecrated woman in her father's home.

חֵרֶשֶׁת וְשׁוֹטָה שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְכֹהֵן אֵינָהּ אוֹכֶלֶת בִּתְרוּמָה אֲפִלּוּ הִשִּׂיאָהּ אָבִיהָ גְּזֵרָה שֶׁמָּא יִשָּׂא חֵרֵשׁ כֹּהֵן חֵרֶשֶׁת וְיַאֲכִילֶנָּה. לְפִיכָךְ גָּזְרוּ שֶׁלֹּא תֹּאכַל חֵרֶשֶׁת בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל כְּלָל:

A deaf-mute and a mentally or emotionally unstable woman who is married to a priest may not partake of terumah. [This restriction applies] even if her father concluded her marriage. [This is] decree, [instituted] lest a priest who is himself a deaf-mute marry a woman who is a deaf-mute and give her [terumah] to eat. For this reason, our Sages decreed that a deaf-mute who is the daughter of an Israelite should not partake of terumah at all.

הַזָּר אָסוּר לֶאֱכל תְּרוּמוֹת שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא כב י) "וְכָל זָר לֹא יֹאכַל קֹדֶשׁ" אֲפִלּוּ הָיָה תּוֹשַׁב כֹּהֵן אוֹ שְׂכִירוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא כב י) "תּוֹשַׁב כֹּהֵן וְשָׂכִיר לֹא יֹאכַל קֹדֶשׁ". תּוֹשָׁב זֶה שְׂכִיר עוֹלָם. שָׂכִיר זֶה שְׂכִיר שָׁנִים. וְעֶבֶד עִבְרִי הֲרֵי הוּא כְּתוֹשָׁב וְשָׂכִיר. וְכֹהֶנֶת אֵשֶׁת הַזָּר הֲרֵי הִיא כְּזָר שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וְכָל זָר בֵּין הוּא בֵּין אִשְׁתּוֹ:

A non-priest is forbidden to partake of terumah, as [Leviticus 22:10] states: "All non-priests shall not partake of the consecrated food." [This prohibition applies] even to a resident [worker] of the priest or his hired [worker], as [ibid.] states: "A resident [worker] of the priest or his hired [worker] shall not partake of the consecrated food." [The term] "resident [worker]" refers to one hired forever. [The term] "hired [worker]" refers to one hired for years. A Hebrew servant is comparable to a resident [worker] or a hired [worker]. A woman of priestly lineage who is married to a non-priest is considered as a non-priest, as [implied by the wording] "all non-priests" - i.e., neither he nor his wife.

זָר שֶׁאָכַל תְּרוּמָה בְּזָדוֹן. בֵּין שֶׁהָיָה טָמֵא בֵּין שֶׁהָיָה טָהוֹר בֵּין שֶׁאָכַל תְּרוּמָה טְהוֹרָה בֵּין שֶׁאָכַל טְמֵאָה. חַיָּב מִיתָה בִּידֵי שָׁמַיִם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא כב ט) "וּמֵתוּ בוֹ כִּי יְחַלְּלֻהוּ". וְלוֹקֶה עַל אֲכִילָתָהּ. וְאֵינוֹ מְשַׁלֵּם דְּמֵי מַה שֶּׁאָכַל שֶׁאֵינוֹ לוֹקֶה וּמְשַׁלֵּם. וְאִם אָכַל בִּשְׁגָגָה מוֹסִיף חֹמֶשׁ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא כב יד) "וְאִישׁ כִּי יֹאכַל קֹדֶשׁ בִּשְׁגָגָה וְיָסַף חֲמִשִׁיתוֹ" וְגוֹ':

A non-priest who willfully partook of terumah - regardless of whether he was ritually pure or impure and regardless of whether [the terumah] was ritually pure or impure - is liable for death at the hand of heaven, as [ibid.:9] states: "They shall die because of it, for they have defiled it." He is liable for lashes, but does not make financial restitution for what he consumed, because [a transgressor] is never subjected to both lashes and a financial penalty. If he partook [of terumah] inadvertently, [he must make restitution and] add a fifth, as [ibid.:14] states: "When a person eats sanctified food inadvertently, he should add a fifth."

וּבַת כֹּהֵן כִּי תִהְיֶה לְאִישׁ זָר הִיא בִּתְרוּמַת הַקֳדָשִׁים לֹא תֹאכֵל. שְׁנֵי עִנְיָנִים נִכְלְלוּ בְּלָאו זֶה. שֶׁאִם תִּבָּעֵל לְאָסוּר לָהּ וְתֵעָשֶׂה זוֹנָה אוֹ חֲלָלָה כְּמוֹ שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ בְּהִלְכוֹת אִסּוּרֵי בִּיאָה הֲרֵי הִיא אֲסוּרָה לֶאֱכל בִּתְרוּמוֹת לְעוֹלָם כְּדִין כָּל חָלָל שֶׁהֶחָלָל כְּזָר לְכָל דָּבָר. וְאִם תִּנָּשֵׂא לְיִשְׂרָאֵל הֲרֵי הִיא אֲסוּרָה לֶאֱכל בַּמּוּרָם מִן הַקָּדָשִׁים שֶׁהוּא חָזֶה וְשׁוֹק לְעוֹלָם אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁגֵּרְשָׁהּ אוֹ מֵת:

[Leviticus 22:12] states: "When the daughter of a priest will marry a non-priest, she should not partake of the sanctified terumah." There are two concepts included in this prohibition: a) that if a woman engages in sexual relations with a man prohibited to her and thus become a zonah or a chalalah, as we explained in Hilchot Issurei Bi'ah, is forbidden to partake of the terumot forever, as is the law with regard to any challal. For a challal is considered as a non-priest with regard to all matters; and b) that if she marries an Israelite, she is forbidden to partake of the portions of the sacrifices given the priests, the breast and the thigh forever, even if she is divorced or widowed.

אֲבָל הַתְּרוּמָה אוֹכֶלֶת אַחַר שֶׁגֵּרְשָׁהּ הַיִּשְׂרָאֵל אוֹ מֵת אִם לֹא הִנִּיחַ בֶּן מִמֶּנָּה. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא כב יג) "וּבַת כֹּהֵן כִּי תִהְיֶה אַלְמָנָה וּגְרוּשָׁה וְזֶרַע אֵין לָהּ וְשָׁבָה אֶל בֵּית אָבִיהָ כִּנְעוּרֶיהָ מִלֶּחֶם אָבִיהָ תֹּאכֵל":

She may, however, partake of terumah after [her husband] the Israelite divorces her or dies provided he did not leave any children that she bore, as [ibid.:13] states: "When the daughter of a priest will become a widow or a divorcee and she has no descendants, she shall return to her father's home as in her youth. She may partake of the bread of her father."

מִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה לָמְדוּ (ויקרא כב יג) "מִלֶּחֶם" וְלֹא כָּל לֶחֶם. חוֹזֶרֶת הִיא לִתְרוּמָה וְלֹא לְחָזֶה וְשׁוֹק:

According to the Oral Tradition, [that verse was interpreted] "from the bread," but not all the bread. She returns to partake of terumah, but not the breast and the thigh.

וְלֹא הַכֹּהֶנֶת בִּלְבַד אֶלָּא אֲפִלּוּ לְוִיָּה וְיִשְׂרְאֵלִית שֶׁנִּבְעֲלָה לְאָסוּר לָהּ הוֹאִיל וְנַעֲשֵׂית זוֹנָה אֲסוּרָה לֶאֱכל בִּתְרוּמָה לְעוֹלָם. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהּ זֶרַע מִכֹּהֵן:

[This concept applies] not only to the daughter of a priest, but to the daughter of a Levite or an Israelite. If she engage in relations with a man forbidden to her, since she became a zonah, she is forbidden to partake of terumah forever, even if she has a descendant born to her from a priest.

לְפִיכָךְ הַשְּׁבוּיָה אֵינָהּ אוֹכֶלֶת בִּתְרוּמָה וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאוֹמֶרֶת טְהוֹרָה אֲנִי. וְכָל שְׁבוּיָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמֶנֶת לוֹמַר טְהוֹרָה אֲנִי אוֹ שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהּ עֵד כְּדֵי שֶׁתִּהְיֶה מֻתֶּרֶת לְבַעְלָהּ הֲרֵי זוֹ אוֹכֶלֶת בִּתְרוּמָה. וְהַנִּרְבַּעַת לִבְהֵמָה לֹא נִפְסְלָה מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה וְאוֹכֶלֶת:

For this reason, a woman who was taken captive may not partake of terumah even though she says that she was not defiled. Whenever the word of a captive woman who says that she was not defiled is accepted or there is a witness [who testifies to this effect] and she is permitted to her husband, she is permitted to partake of terumah. When a woman engaged in sexual relations with an animal, she is not disqualified from the priesthood and may partake of terumah.

יִשְׂרְאֵלִית שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהּ זֶרַע מִכֹּהֵן אוֹכֶלֶת בִּשְׁבִיל בְּנָהּ בֵּין זָכָר בֵּין נְקֵבָה וַאֲפִלּוּ טֻמְטוּם וְאַנְדְּרוֹגִינוּס וַאֲפִלּוּ זֶרַע הַזֶּרַע עַד סוֹף כָּל הָעוֹלָם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא כב יג) "וְזֶרַע אֵין לָהּ":

A daughter of an Israelite who has an offspring [she bore] from a priest may partake of terumah by virtue of her child. [This applies] whether the child is male or female or even a tumtum or an androgynus. Even the offspring of offspring until the end of time [enable her to partake of terumah], as [indicated by the prooftext]: "She has no descendants."

כְּשֵׁם שֶׁזֶּרַע יִשְׂרָאֵל מִכֹּהֶנֶת פּוֹסֵל אוֹתָהּ כָּךְ זֶרַע כֹּהֵן מִיִּשְׂרְאֵלִית מַאֲכִיל אוֹתָהּ וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא זֶרַע פָּסוּל. כֵּיצַד. בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְכֹהֵן אוֹ כֹּהֶנֶת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל וְיָלְדָה מִמֶּנּוּ בַּת וּבָא עַל הַבַּת מִי שֶׁהוּא עֶרְוָה עָלֶיהָ אוֹ שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְמַמְזֵר וּמֵתָה הַבַּת וַהֲרֵי הַמַּמְזֵר קַיָּם. הָיְתָה אֵם אִמּוֹ בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְכֹהֵן תֹּאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה. בַּת כֹּהֵן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא תֹּאכַל:

Just as the descendants from an Israelite [born] to the daughter of a priest disqualify her [from partaking of terumah], so too, the descendants from a priest [born] to the daughter of an Israelite entitle her [to partake of terumah]. [This applies] even if the descendants are of blemished lineage. What is implied? A daughter of an Israelite married a priest or the daughter of a priest married an Israelite and [that woman] gave birth to a daughter. A person who is an ervah for the daughter entered into relations with her or [the daughter] married a mamzer [and the daughter gave birth to a baby which is a mamzer]. [Afterwards,] the daughter dies, but the mamzer remains alive.

הָא לָמַדְתָּ שֶׁהִיא אוֹכֶלֶת בִּשְׁבִיל זַרְעָהּ וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאוֹתוֹ הַזֶּרַע פָּסוּל וַאֲפִלּוּ אֵינוֹ יִשְׂרָאֵל. וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר שֶׁאִם הָיְתָה לָהּ בַּת מִכֹּהֵן אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהַבַּת נְשׂוּאָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל וַאֲפִלּוּ נִתְחַלְּלָה הֲרֵי אִמָּהּ אוֹכֶלֶת בִּשְׁבִיל הַבַּת הַפְּסוּלָה:

If [the mamzer's] grandmother was the daughter of an Israelite who [married] a priest, she may partake of terumah. If she was the daughter of a priest who [married] an Israelite, she may not partake of terumah. Thus we learn that [the daughter of an Israelite] may partake of terumah by virtue of her descendants even though the lineage of that descendant is blemished, even though [the descendant] is not even [on the level of an ordinary] Israelite. Needless to say that if a woman [who married a priest] has a daughter born to her by him - even if the daughter is married to an Israelite and even if she became a challalah - she may partake of terumah by virtue of the daughter of blemished lineage.

כַּיּוֹצֵא בּוֹ הַכֹּהֶנֶת שֶׁאֵינָהּ אוֹכֶלֶת מִפְּנֵי זַרְעָהּ שֶׁמִּיִּשְׂרָאֵל אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאוֹתוֹ הַזֶּרַע כֹּהֲנִים. כֵּיצַד. בַּת כֹּהֵן שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל וְיָלְדָה מִמֶּנּוּ בַּת וְהָלְכָה הַבַּת וְנִשֵּׂאת לְכֹהֵן וְיָלְדָה מִמֶּנּוּ בֵּן. הֲרֵי זֶה רָאוּי לִהְיוֹת כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל מַאֲכִיל אֶת אִמּוֹ וּפוֹסֵל אֶת אֵם אִמּוֹ וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמֵּתָה אִמּוֹ וְזֹאת אוֹמֶרֶת לֹא כְּבֶן בִּתִּי כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל שֶׁהוּא פּוֹסְלַנִי מִן הַתְּרוּמָה:

Similarly, the daughter of a priest may not eat by virtue of her descendant from an Israelite husband, even if that descendant is a priest. What is implied? A daughter of a priest married an Israelite and gave birth to a daughter that he conceived. That daughter married a priest and gave birth to a son that he conceived. [This son] is fitting to become a High Priest. He enables his mother to partake of terumah and disqualifies his maternal grandmother [from doing so]. [This applies] even if [the priest's] mother dies. [The grandmother] can say: "[One should] not be like my grandson, the High Priest, who disqualifies me from partaking of terumah."

הָעֶבֶד אֵינוֹ פּוֹסֵל מִשּׁוּם זֶרַע וְאֵינוֹ מַאֲכִיל. כֵּיצַד. כֹּהֶנֶת שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל אוֹ יִשְׂרְאֵלִית שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְכֹהֵן וְיָלְדָה מִמֶּנּוּ בֵּן וְהָלַךְ הַבֵּן וְנִכְבַּשׁ עַל הַשִּׁפְחָה וְיָלְדָה מִמֶּנּוּ עֶבֶד וּמֵת הַבֵּן וַהֲרֵי הָעֶבֶד קַיָּם. הָיְתָה אֵם אָבִיו שֶׁל עֶבֶד זֶה בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְכֹהֵן לֹא תֹּאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה. הָיְתָה בַּת כֹּהֵן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל תֹּאכַל שֶׁאֵין זֶה זֶרַע שֶׁהָעֲבָדִים אֵין לָהֶם יִחוּס:

The descendants of a servant do not disqualify [a woman from partaking of terumah], nor do they enable [a woman to do so]. What is implied? The daughter of a priest married an Israelite or the daughter of an Israelite married a priest. A son was born to that woman. The son [then] went and became attached to a Canaanite maid-servant and conceived [a son] with her. [That son is] a servant. [The following rules apply if the woman's son] dies and the servant remains alive: If the servant's paternal grandmother was the daughter of an Israelite who had married to a priest, she may not partake of terumah. If she was the daughter of a priest who had married an Israelite, she may partake [of terumah], because this offspring is not considered as a descendant, because the concept of parental lineage does not apply with regard to servants.

בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְכֹהֵן וּמֵת וְלָהּ מִמֶּנּוּ בֵּן וְחָזְרָה וְנִשֵּׂאת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא תֹּאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה. מֵת הַיִּשְׂרָאֵל וְלָהּ מִמֶּנּוּ בֵּן לֹא תֹּאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה מִפְּנֵי בְּנָהּ שֶׁמִּיִּשְׂרָאֵל. מֵת בְּנָהּ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל אוֹכֶלֶת בִּשְׁבִיל בְּנָהּ הָרִאשׁוֹן:

[The above concepts are also relevant in the following instance.] The daughter of an Israelite married a priest and he died. She had borne a son to him. Afterwards, she married an Israelite. [Hence,] she may not partake of terumah. If her Israelite [husband] died, but she bore him a son, she may not partake of terumah because of that son. If that son dies, she may partake of terumah by virtue of her first son.

בַּת כֹּהֵן שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל וְיֵשׁ לָהּ מִמֶּנּוּ בֵּן וְחָזְרָה וְנִשֵּׂאת לְכֹהֵן תֹּאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה. מֵת וְלָהּ מִמֶּנּוּ בֵּן תֹּאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה. מֵת בְּנָהּ מִכֹּהֵן אֲסוּרָה לֶאֱכל מִפְּנֵי בְּנָהּ שֶׁמִּיִּשְׂרָאֵל. מֵת בְּנָהּ שֶׁמִּיִּשְׂרָאֵל חוֹזֶרֶת לְבֵית אָבִיהָ כִּנְעוּרֶיהָ וְאוֹכֶלֶת בִּתְרוּמָה לֹא בְּחָזֶה וְשׁוֹק:

[Similar concepts apply when] the daughter of a priest marries an Israelite. [If] she bore him a son and then married a priest, she may partake of terumah. If [her second husband] dies, but she had borne him a son, she may partake of terumah. If her son conceived by the priest dies, she is forbidden to partake of terumah because of her son conceived by [her first husband,] the Israelite. If her son conceived by the Israelite dies, she returns to her father's home as in her youth. She may partake of terumah, but not of the breast and thigh [of the peace offerings].

בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל תְּחִלָּה וְיֵשׁ לָהּ מִמֶּנּוּ בֵּן וְחָזְרָה וְנִשֵּׂאת לְכֹהֵן אוֹכֶלֶת בִּתְרוּמָה. מֵת וְלָהּ מִמֶּנּוּ בֵּן אוֹכֶלֶת מִפְּנֵי בְּנָהּ הָאַחֲרוֹן שֶׁהֲרֵי הוּא מַאֲכִילָהּ כְּמוֹ שֶׁהֶאֱכִילָהּ אָבִיו:

[Similar laws apply when] a daughter of an Israelite marries an Israelite first and has a son that she bore to him. If she marries a priest [after her first husband dies], she may partake of terumah. If [her second husband, the priest,] dies, but she bore him a son, she may partake [of terumah] by virtue of the son [she bore him]. For he enables her to partake of terumah as his father did.