Sabbath Chapter 10

הַקוֹשֵׁר קֶשֶׁר שֶׁל קַיָּמָא וְהוּא מַעֲשֵׂה אֻמָּן חַיָּב. כְּגוֹן קֶשֶׁר הַגַּמָּלִין וְקֶשֶׁר הַסַּפָּנִין וְקִשְׁרֵי רְצוּעוֹת מִנְעָל וְסַנְדָּל שֶׁקּוֹשְׁרִין הָרַצְעָנִין בִּשְׁעַת עֲשִׂיָּתָן. וְכֵן כָּל כַּיּוֹצֵא בָּזֶה. אֲבָל הַקּוֹשֵׁר קֶשֶׁר שֶׁל קַיָּמָא וְאֵינוֹ מַעֲשֵׂה אֻמָּן פָּטוּר. וְקֶשֶׁר שֶׁאֵינוֹ שֶׁל קַיָּמָא וְאֵינוֹ מַעֲשֵׂה אֻמָּן מֻתָּר לְקָשְׁרוֹ לְכַתְּחִלָּה:

A person who ties a knot which is intended to remain permanently and which can be tied [only] by craftsmen is liable. Included in this category are the knots tied by camel drivers, the knots tied by seamen, the knots tied by shoemakers when making shoes and sandals. One who ties a knot that is intended to remain permanently, but does not require a craftsmen [to tie it], is not liable. A knot that will not remain permanently and does not require a craftsman may be tied with no compunctions.

כֵּיצַד. נִפְסְקָה לוֹ רְצוּעָה וּקְשָׁרָהּ, נִפְסַק הַחֶבֶל וּקְשָׁרוֹ, אוֹ שֶׁקָּשַׁר חֶבֶל בִּדְלִי אוֹ שֶׁקָּשַׁר רֶסֶן בְּהֵמָה הֲרֵי זֶה פָּטוּר. וְכֵן כָּל כַּיּוֹצֵא בְּאֵלּוּ הַקְּשָׁרִים שֶׁהֵן מַעֲשֵׂה הֶדְיוֹט וְכָל אָדָם קוֹשֵׁר אוֹתָן לְקַיָּמָא. וְכָל קֶשֶׁר שֶׁאֵינוֹ שֶׁל קַיָּמָא אִם קְשָׁרוֹ קֶשֶׁר אֻמָּן הֲרֵי זֶה אָסוּר:

How is [the intermediate category] defined? If one of a person's sandal straps tore and he tied it, a rope tore and one tied it, one tied a rope to a bucket, or one tied the bridle of an animal, the person is not liable. The same applies to all other knots that do not require professional expertise, but are always tied with the intention that they remain permanently. Any knot that is not intended to remain permanently is forbidden to be tied using a knot that requires professional expertise.

קוֹשֶׁרֶת אִשָּׁה מִפְתְּחֵי הֶחָלוּק אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ שְׁנֵי פְּתָחִים, וְחוּטֵי סְבָכָה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא רָפוּי בְּרֹאשָׁהּ, וּרְצוּעוֹת מִנְעָל וְסַנְדָּל שֶׁקּוֹשְׁרִין אוֹתָן עַל הָרֶגֶל בִּשְׁעַת מַלְבּוּשׁ, וְנוֹדוֹת יַיִן וְשֶׁמֶן אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ שְׁתֵּי אָזְנַיִם, וּקְדֵרָה שֶׁל בָּשָׂר אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיְּכוֹלָה לְהוֹצִיא הַבָּשָׂר וְלֹא תַּתִּיר הַקֶּשֶׁר. וְקוֹשְׁרִין דְּלִי בִּמְשִׁיחָה אוֹ בְּאַבְנֵט וְכַיּוֹצֵא בּוֹ אֲבָל לֹא בְּחֶבֶל. וְקוֹשְׁרִין לִפְנֵי הַבְּהֵמָה אוֹ בְּרַגְלָהּ בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁלֹּא תֵּצֵא אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהּ שְׁנֵי אִסָּרוֹת. וְחֶבֶל שֶׁהָיָה קָשׁוּר בַּפָּרָה קוֹשְׁרוֹ בָּאֵבוּס. הָיָה קָשׁוּר בָּאֵבוּס קוֹשְׁרוֹ בַּפָּרָה. אֲבָל לֹא יָבִיא חֶבֶל מִתּוֹךְ בֵּיתוֹ וְיִקְשֹׁר בַּפָּרָה וּבָאֵבוּס. וְאִם הָיָה חֶבֶל גַּרְדִּי שֶׁמֻּתָּר לְטַלְטְלוֹ הֲרֵי זֶה מֵבִיא וְקוֹשֵׁר בַּפָּרָה וּבָאֵבוּס. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁכָּל אֵלּוּ הַקְּשָׁרִים מַעֲשֵׂה הֶדְיוֹט הֵן וְאֵינָן שֶׁל קַיָּמָא אֶלָּא פַּעַם קוֹשֵׁר וּפַעַם מַתִּיר וּלְפִיכָךְ מֻתָּר לִקְשֹׁר אוֹתָן לְכַתְּחִלָּה. חוֹתָלוֹת שֶׁל תְּמָרִים וְשֶׁל גְּרוֹגָרוֹת מַתִּיר וּמַפְקִיעַ וְחוֹתֵךְ וְנוֹטֵל וְאוֹכֵל:

A woman may tie the opening of her cloak although it has two openings. She may tie the strands of a hairnet although it hangs loosely on her head. One may tie the straps of shoes and sandals that are tied around one's foot when donning them. One may tie pouches of wine and pouches of oil although they have two protrusions. One may tie a pot of meat although it is possible to remove the meat without untying the knot. One may tie a bucket with a linen cord, a belt or another similar entity, but not with an ordinary rope. One may tie a rope before an animal or tie it to an animal's foot so that it will not go out, although this involves two knots. If a rope is tied to a cow, one may tie it to its feeding trough. If a rope is tied to a feeding trough, one may tie it to a cow. One may not, however, bring a rope from one's home and tie it to [both] a cow and a feeding trough. If, however, one has a weaver's rope which one is permitted to carry, one may bring it and tie it to both the cow and the feeding trough. [The rationale for these laws is that] all [the above] knots do not require professional expertise, nor are they intended to remain. On the contrary, a person ties them and unties them at will. Therefore, it is permitted to tie them with no compunctions. One may untie the openings of baskets of dates and dried figs, break off or cut off the cord, take them and eat them.

כָּל שֶׁרָאוּי לְמַאֲכַל בְּהֵמָה מֻתָּר לִקְשֹׁר אוֹתוֹ בְּשַׁבָּת. לְפִיכָךְ אִם נִפְסְקָה רְצוּעַת סַנְדָּלוֹ בְּכַרְמְלִית נוֹטֵל גֶּמִי לַח הָרָאוּי לְמַאֲכַל בְּהֵמָה וְכוֹרֵךְ עָלָיו וְקוֹשֵׁר הַגֶּמִי. נִשְׁמְטָה לוֹ רְצוּעַת מִנְעָל וְסַנְדָּל אוֹ שֶׁנִּשְׁמַט רֹב הָרֶגֶל מֻתָּר לְהַחֲזִיר הָרְצוּעוֹת לִמְקוֹמָן וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִקְשֹׁר:

Any substance that is fit to be used as animal fodder may be used for tying on the Sabbath. Therefore, if the straps of a person's sandals snapped in a carmelit, he may take a moist reed that is fit to be eaten by an animal, wind it around [the sandal] and tie it. If a sandal strap slips from its place, or one's foot slips from the sandal, one may return the strap to its place, provided one does not tie a knot.

הָעֲנִיבָה מֻתֶּרֶת לְפִי שֶׁאֵינָהּ מִתְחַלֶּפֶת בִּקְשִׁירָה. לְפִיכָךְ הַחֶבֶל שֶׁנִּפְסַק מְקַבֵּץ שְׁנֵי קְצוֹתָיו וְכוֹרֵךְ עָלָיו מְשִׁיחָה וְעוֹנֵב עֲנִיבָה:

It is permitted to tie a loop [on the Sabbath], for it will not be interchanged with a knot. Therefore, if a rope snapped, one may gather the two ends together, wind a linen cord around them and tie a loop.

מֻתָּר לִקְשֹׁר קֶשֶׁר שֶׁאֵינוֹ שֶׁל קַיָּמָא לִדְבַר מִצְוָה. כְּגוֹן שֶׁיִּקְשֹׁר לִמְדֹּד שִׁעוּר מִשִּׁעוּרֵי הַתּוֹרָה. נִימַת כִּנּוֹר שֶׁנִּפְסַק קוֹשְׁרִין אוֹתָהּ בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ אֲבָל לֹא בַּמְּדִינָה. וְלֹא יִקְשֹׁר נִימָא לְכַתְּחִלָּה אֲפִלּוּ בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ:

It is permissible to tie a knot that is not permanent in nature for the purpose of a mitzvah. For example, one may tie a knot to calibrate one of the Torah's measures. One may tie a harp string that snaps in the Temple, but not anywhere else. One may not tie a harp string for the first time on the Sabbath, even in the Temple.

כָּל קֶשֶׁר שֶׁחַיָּבִין עַל קִשּׁוּרוֹ כָּךְ חַיָּבִין עַל הֶתֵּרוֹ. וְכָל קֶשֶׁר שֶׁהַקּוֹשֵׁר אוֹתוֹ פָּטוּר כָּךְ הַמַּתִּיר אוֹתוֹ פָּטוּר. וְכָל קֶשֶׁר שֶׁמֻּתָּר לְקָשְׁרוֹ כָּךְ מֻתָּר לְהַתִּירוֹ:

A person is liable for untying any knot that he is liable for tying. Whenever a person is not liable for tying a knot, he is not liable for untying it. Whenever a person is permitted to tie a knot, he is permitted to untie it.

הַפּוֹתֵל חֲבָלִים מִן הַהוּצִין וּמִן הָחֶלֶף אוֹ מִחוּטֵי צֶמֶר אוֹ מִחוּטֵי פִּשְׁתָּן אוֹ חוּטֵי שֵׂעָר וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן הֲרֵי זֶה תּוֹלֶדֶת קוֹשֵׁר וְחַיָּב. וְשִׁעוּרוֹ כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּעֲמֹד הַחֶבֶל בִּפְתִילָתוֹ בְּלֹא קְשִׁירָה שֶׁנִּמְצֵאת מְלַאכְתּוֹ מִתְקַיֶּמֶת. וְכֵן הַמַּפְרִיד אֶת הַפְּתִיל הֲרֵי זֶה תּוֹלֶדֶת מַתִּיר וְחַיָּב. וְהוּא שֶׁלֹּא יִתְכַּוֵּן לְקַלְקֵל בִּלְבַד. וְשִׁעוּרוֹ כְּשִׁעוּר הַפּוֹתֵל:

A person who winds together a rope from palm branches, love grass, strands of wool, strands of flax, strands of goat's hair or the like is liable for performing a derivative of the [forbidden] labor of tying. The minimum measure for which one is liable is a length of rope sufficient to remain wound without being tied, for then the work the person performed is permanent. Similarly, a person who unwinds cords performs a derivative of the forbidden labor of untying and is liable. [This applies] provided one's intent is not merely destructive in nature. The minimum measure for which one is liable is the same as that for winding a cord.

הַתּוֹפֵר שְׁתֵּי תְּפִירוֹת חַיָּב. וְהוּא שֶׁקָּשַׁר רָאשֵׁי הַחוּט מִכָּאן וּמִכָּאן כְּדֵי שֶׁתַּעֲמֹד הַתְּפִירָה וְלֹא תִּשָּׁמֵט. אֲבָל אִם תָּפַר יֶתֶר עַל שְׁתֵּי תְּפִירוֹת אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא קָשַׁר חַיָּב שֶׁהֲרֵי מִתְקַיֶּמֶת הַתְּפִירָה. וְהַמּוֹתֵחַ חוּט שֶׁל תְּפִירָה בְּשַׁבָּת חַיָּב מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מִצָּרְכֵי הַתְּפִירָה:

A person who sews two stitches is liable, provided he ties the stitches at both ends so that they will remain and not slip out. If, however, one sews an additional stitch, one is liable even if one did not tie [the ends], for one's stitching will remain. A person who pulls taut a thread used for sewing on the Sabbath is liable, because this activity is necessary for sewing.

הַקּוֹרֵעַ כְּדֵי לִתְפֹּר שְׁתֵּי תְּפִירוֹת עַל מְנָת לִתְפֹּר שְׁתֵּי תְּפִירוֹת חַיָּב. אֲבָל הַקּוֹרֵעַ לְהַפְסִידָהּ פָּטוּר מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מְקַלְקֵל. הַקּוֹרֵעַ בַּחֲמָתוֹ אוֹ עַל מֵת שֶׁהוּא חַיָּב לִקְרֹעַ עָלָיו חַיָּב מִפְּנֵי שֶׁמְּיַשֵּׁב אֶת דַּעְתּוֹ בְּדָבָר זֶה וְיָנוּחַ יִצְרוֹ וְהוֹאִיל וַחֲמָתוֹ שׁוֹכֶכֶת בְּדָבָר זֶה הֲרֵי הוּא כִּמְתַקֵּן וְחַיָּב. וְהַפּוֹתֵחַ בֵּית הַצַּוָּאר בְּשַׁבָּת חַיָּב:

A person who tears [a length of a garment] sufficient to tie two stitches for the sake of tying two stitches is liable. In contrast, one who tears with the intent to ruin is not liable, for [his activity] is destructive in nature. A person who tears in a fit of rage or [one who rends his garments] for the sake of a deceased person for whom he is required to rend his garments is liable, for by doing so he settles his mind and calms his natural inclination. Since his anger is soothed through this act, it is considered to be constructive in nature and he is liable. A person who makes an opening for a neck [in a garment] on the Sabbath is liable.

הַמְדַבֵּק נְיָרוֹת אוֹ עוֹרוֹת בְּקוֹלָן שֶׁל סוֹפְרִים וְכַיּוֹצֵא בּוֹ הֲרֵי זֶה תּוֹלֶדֶת תּוֹפֵר וְחַיָּב. וְכֵן הַמְפָרֵק נְיָרוֹת דְּבוּקִין אוֹ עוֹרוֹת דְּבוּקִין וְלֹא נִתְכַּוֵּן לְקַלְקֵל בִּלְבַד הֲרֵי זֶה תּוֹלֶדֶת קוֹרֵעַ וְחַיָּב:

A person who attaches paper or hides together with scribe's glue and the like is liable for performing a derivative of the forbidden labor of sewing. Conversely, a person who separates papers or hides that are stuck together is liable for performing a derivative of the forbidden labor of tearing if his intent is not merely destructive.

הַבּוֹנֶה כָּל שֶׁהוּא חַיָּב. הַמַּשְׁוֶה פְּנֵי הַקַּרְקַע בְּבַיִת כְּגוֹן שֶׁהִשְׁפִּיל תֵּל אוֹ מִלֵּא גּוּמָא אוֹ גַּיְא הֲרֵי זֶה בּוֹנֶה וְחַיָּב. אֶחָד נָתַן אֶת הָאֶבֶן וְאֶחָד נָתַן אֶת הַטִּיט הַנּוֹתֵן הַטִּיט חַיָּב. וּבַנִּדְבָּךְ הָעֶלְיוֹן אֲפִלּוּ הֶעֱלָה אֶת הָאֶבֶן וְהִנִּיחָהּ עַל גַּבֵּי הַטִּיט חַיָּב. שֶׁהֲרֵי אֵין מַנִּיחִין עָלֶיהָ טִיט אַחֵר. וְהַבּוֹנֶה עַל גַּבֵּי כֵּלִים פָּטוּר:

A person is liable for building even the slightest amount. A person who levels the floor inside a house is liable. Whether he lowers a raised piece of earth or fills a cavity, he is considered to be building and is liable. When one person places down a stone and another the mortar, the one who places down the mortar is liable. For the highest row [of stones], one is liable merely for lifting up the stone and placing it on the mortar, since other mortar is not placed upon it. A person who builds on a base of utensils is not liable.

הָעוֹשֶׂה אֹהֶל קָבוּעַ הֲרֵי זֶה תּוֹלֶדֶת בּוֹנֶה וְחַיָּב. וְכֵן הָעוֹשֶׂה כְּלֵי אֲדָמָה כְּגוֹן תַּנּוּר וְחָבִית קֹדֶם שֶׁיִּשָּׂרְפוּ הֲרֵי זֶה תּוֹלֶדֶת בּוֹנֶה וְחַיָּב. וְכֵן הַמְגַבֵּן אֶת הַגְּבִינָה הֲרֵי זֶה תּוֹלֶדֶת בּוֹנֶה. וְאֵינוֹ חַיָּב עַד שֶׁיְּגַבֵּן כִּגְרוֹגֶרֶת. הַמַּכְנִיס יַד הַקַּרְדֹּם בְּתוֹךְ הָעֵץ שֶׁלּוֹ הֲרֵי זֶה תּוֹלֶדֶת בּוֹנֶה. וְכֵן כָּל כַּיּוֹצֵא בּוֹ. וְכֵן הַתּוֹקֵעַ עֵץ בְּעֵץ בֵּין שֶׁתָּקַע בְּמַסְמֵר בֵּין שֶׁתָּקַע בָּעֵץ עַצְמוֹ עַד שֶׁנִּתְאַחֵד הֲרֵי זֶה תּוֹלֶדֶת בּוֹנֶה וְחַיָּב:

A person who erects a permanent tent is liable for performing a derivative [of the forbidden labor] of building. Similarly, a person who fashions an earthenware utensil - e.g., an oven or a jug - before they are fired [in a kiln] is liable for performing a derivative [of the forbidden labor] of building. Similarly, one who makes cheese performs a derivative [of the forbidden labor] of building. One is not liable until one makes an amount of cheese equivalent to the size of a dried fig. A person who inserts the blade of an axe onto its handle or one who performs any similar activity performs a derivative [of the forbidden labor] of building. Similarly, one who attaches one piece of wood to another, whether he attaches them with a nail or by inserting one piece of wood into another until they become a single entity, is liable for performing a derivative [of the forbidden labor] of building.

הָעוֹשֶׂה נֶקֶב כָּל שֶׁהוּא בְּלוּל שֶׁל תַּרְנְגוֹלִים כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּכָּנֵס לָהֶן הָאוֹרָה חַיָּב מִשּׁוּם בּוֹנֶה. הַמַּחֲזִיר דֶּלֶת שֶׁל בּוֹר וְשֶׁל דּוּת וְשֶׁל יָצִיעַ חַיָּב מִשּׁוּם בּוֹנֶה:

A person who makes even the slightest hole in a chicken coop to let light in is liable for building. A person who returns a door of a well, a cistern, or a wing of a building [to its place] is liable for building.

הַסּוֹתֵר כָּל שֶׁהוּא חַיָּב. וְהוּא שֶׁיִּסְתֹּר עַל מְנָת לִבְנוֹת. אֲבָל אִם סָתַר דֶּרֶךְ הַשְׁחָתָה פָּטוּר. הַסּוֹתֵר אֹהֶל קָבוּעַ אוֹ שֶׁפֵּרֵק עֵץ תָּקוּעַ הֲרֵי זֶה תּוֹלֶדֶת סוֹתֵר וְחַיָּב וְהוּא שֶׁיִּתְכַּוֵּן לְתַקֵּן:

A person who demolishes even the slightest amount is liable, provided he demolishes with the intent to build. If his intent in demolishing is merely destructive, he is not liable. A person who demolishes a permanent tent or separates a piece of wood attached to another is liable for performing a derivative [of the forbidden labor] of demolishing, provided his intent is to improve it [afterwards].

הַמַּכֶּה בְּפַטִּישׁ הַכָּאָה אַחַת חַיָּב. וְכָל הָעוֹשֶׂה דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא גְּמַר מְלָאכָה הֲרֵי זֶה תּוֹלֶדֶת מַכֶּה בְּפַטִּישׁ וְחַיָּב. כֵּיצַד. הַמְנַפֵּחַ בִּכְלֵי זְכוּכִית וְהַצָּר בַּכְּלִי צוּרָה אֲפִלּוּ מִקְצָת הַצּוּרָה וְהַמְגָרֵד כָּל שֶׁהוּא וְהָעוֹשֶׂה נֶקֶב כָּל שֶׁהוּא בֵּין בְּעֵץ בֵּין בְּמַתֶּכֶת בֵּין בְּבִנְיָן בֵּין בְּכֵלִים הֲרֵי זֶה תּוֹלֶדֶת מַכֶּה בְּפַטִּישׁ וְחַיָּב. וְכָל פֶּתַח שֶׁאֵינוֹ עָשׂוּי לְהַכְנִיס וּלְהוֹצִיא אֵין חַיָּבִין עַל עֲשִׂיָּתוֹ:

A person who gives the [final] blow with a hammer is liable. [Similarly,] a person who performs any activity that represents the completion of a task is liable for performing a derivative of dealing [the final] hammer blow. What is implied? A person who blows a glass vessel, one makes a design, or even a portion of a design, on a utensil, one who planes [the edges of a utensil], one who makes a hole of even the smallest size in a piece of wood, a building, a piece of metal, or a utensil is liable for performing a derivative of dealing [the final] hammer blow. One is not liable for making [a hole] unless it can be used to bring in and bring out.

הַמֵּפִיס שְׁחִין בְּשַׁבָּת כְּדֵי לְהַרְחִיב פִּי הַמַּכָּה כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁהָרוֹפְאִין עוֹשִׂין שֶׁהֵן מִתְכַּוְּנִין בִּרְפוּאָה לְהַרְחִיב פִּי הַמַּכָּה הֲרֵי זֶה חַיָּב מִשּׁוּם מַכֶּה בְּפַטִּישׁ שֶׁזּוֹ הִיא מְלֶאכֶת הָרוֹפֵא. וְאִם הֵפִיסָה לְהוֹצִיא מִמֶּנָּה הַלֵּחָה שֶׁבָּהּ הֲרֵי זֶה מֻתָּר:

A person who pierces a blister on the Sabbath to widen the opening of the wound, as physicians do, with the intent of widening the opening of the wound is liable for performing [a derivative of] dealing [the final] hammer blow, for this is a labor performed by a physician. If one pierced it to remove its pus, [the act] is permitted.

הַמְסַתֵּת אֶת הָאֶבֶן כָּל שֶׁהוּא חַיָּב מִשּׁוּם מַכֶּה בְּפַטִּישׁ. הַמְצַדֵּד אֶת הָאֶבֶן בִּיסוֹד הַבִּנְיָן וְתִקְּנָהּ בְּיָדוֹ וְהוֹשִׁיבָהּ בַּמָּקוֹם הָרָאוּי לָהּ חַיָּב מִשּׁוּם מַכֶּה בְּפַטִּישׁ. הַלּוֹקֵט יַבּוֹלֶת שֶׁעַל גַּבֵּי בְּגָדִים בְּיָדוֹ כְּגוֹן אֵלּוּ הַיַּבּוֹלוֹת שֶׁבִּכְלֵי צֶמֶר חַיָּב מִשּׁוּם מַכֶּה בְּפַטִּישׁ. וְהוּא שֶׁיַּקְפִּיד עֲלֵיהֶן. אֲבָל אִם הֱסִירָן דֶּרֶךְ עֵסֶק הֲרֵי זֶה פָּטוּר. הַמְנַעֵר טַלִּית חֲדָשָׁה שְׁחוֹרָה כְּדֵי לְנָאוֹתָהּ וּלְהָסִיר הַצֶּמֶר הַלָּבָן הַנִּתְלֶה בָּהּ כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁהָאֻמָּנִין עוֹשִׂין חַיָּב חַטָּאת. וְאִם אֵינוֹ מַקְפִּיד מֻתָּר:

One who files a stone to even the slightest degree is liable for performing [a derivative of] dealing [the final] hammer blow. A person who aligns a stone in the foundation of a building, adjusting its position with his hands and settling it in its proper place, is liable for performing [a derivative of] dealing [the final] hammer blow. A person who removes threads, straws, or splinters of wood from a garment by hand - for example, the splinters that are found in woolen garments - is liable for performing [a derivative of] dealing [the final] hammer blow. [This applies] provided the person is disturbed by them. If, however, he removes them as a matter of course, [without thinking,] he is not liable. A person who shakes out a new black garment to make it attractive and to remove any remnants of white wool adhering to it, as is a tailor's practice, is liable to bring a sin offering. If he is not disturbed by them, it is permissible [to do so].

הַצָּד דָּבָר שֶׁדֶּרֶךְ מִינוֹ לָצוּד אוֹתוֹ חַיָּב. כְּגוֹן חַיָּה וְעוֹפוֹת וְדָגִים. וְהוּא שֶׁיָּצוּד אוֹתָן לְמָקוֹם שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְחֻסַּר צֵידָה. כֵּיצַד. כְּגוֹן שֶׁרָדַף אַחֲרֵי צְבִי עַד שֶׁהִכְנִיסוֹ לְבַיִת אוֹ לְגִנָּה אוֹ לְחָצֵר וְנָעַל בְּפָנָיו. אוֹ שֶׁהִפְרִיחַ אֶת הָעוֹף עַד שֶׁהִכְנִיסוֹ לְמִגְדָּל וְנָעַל בְּפָנָיו. אוֹ שֶׁשָּׁלָה דָּגִים מִן הַיָּם בְּתוֹךְ סֵפֶל שֶׁל מַיִם הֲרֵי זֶה חַיָּב. אֲבָל אִם הִפְרִיחַ צִפּוֹר לְבַיִת וְנָעַל בְּפָנָיו. אוֹ שֶׁהִבְרִיחַ דָּג וַעֲקָרוֹ מִן הַיָּם לִבְרֵכָה שֶׁל מַיִם. אוֹ שֶׁרָדַף אַחַר צְבִי עַד שֶׁנִּכְנַס לִטְרַקְלִין רָחָב וְנָעַל בְּפָנָיו הֲרֵי זֶה פָּטוּר. שֶׁאֵין זוֹ צִידָה גְּמוּרָה שֶׁאִם יָבוֹא לְקַחְתּוֹ צָרִיךְ לִרְדֹּף אַחֲרָיו וְלָצוּד אוֹתוֹ מִשָּׁם. לְפִיכָךְ הַצָּד אֲרִי אֵינוֹ חַיָּב עַד שֶׁיַּכְנִיסֶנּוּ לַכִּפָּה שֶׁלּוֹ שֶׁהוּא נֶאֱסָר בָּהּ:

A person who traps a living creature from a species that is common to trap - e.g., beasts, fowl, or fish - is liable provided he traps them in a place where no further efforts are required to trap them. What is implied? One chased after a deer until one caused it to enter a room, a garden, or a courtyard, and one locked it inside, one caused a fowl to fly into a closet and locked it, one removed a fish from the sea and placed it in a bowl of water. [In all these instances,] the person is liable. If, however, a person caused a bird to fly into a room and locked it, caused a fish to swim from the sea into a pool of water, or chased a deer until he caused it to enter a large hall, and locked it, he is not liable. [The living creature] is not completely trapped, for if he to desired to take it, he would have to chase it and trap it in [this new place]. Therefore, a person who traps a lion is not liable until he causes it to enter the pen in which it will be enclosed.

כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁאִם יָרוּץ בּוֹ יַגִּיעַ לַחַיָּה בִּשְׁחִיָּה אַחַת. אוֹ שֶׁהָיוּ הַכְּתָלִים קְרוֹבִין זֶה לָזֶה עַד שֶׁיִּפּל צֵל שְׁנֵיהֶם לָאֶמְצַע כְּאֶחָד הֲרֵי זֶה מָקוֹם קָטָן. וְאִם הִבְרִיחַ הַצְּבִי וְכַיּוֹצֵא בּוֹ לְתוֹכוֹ חַיָּב. וּמָקוֹם שֶׁהוּא גָּדוֹל מִזֶּה הַמַּבְרִיחַ חַיָּה וָעוֹף לְתוֹכוֹ פָּטוּר:

[The following] - a place in which if a person ran, he could reach the animal in a single movement, and a place so narrow that the shadow of both walls would merge in the middle - are considered to be small places. If one chased a deer or the like into such a place, one is liable. If a place is larger than this, a person who chases an animal or a fowl into it is not liable.

אֶחָד שְׁמֹנָה שְׁרָצִים הָאֲמוּרִין בַּתּוֹרָה וְאֶחָד שְׁאָר שְׁקָצִים וּרְמָשִׂים שֶׁיֵּשׁ לְמִינָן צִידָה הַצָּד אֶחָד מִכֻּלָּן בֵּין לְצֹרֶךְ בֵּין שֶׁלֹּא לְצֹרֶךְ אוֹ לְשַׂחֵק בָּהֶן חַיָּב הוֹאִיל וְנִתְכַּוֵּן לָצוּד וְצָד. שֶׁמְּלָאכָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ צְרִיכָה לְגוּפָהּ חַיָּב עָלֶיהָ. הַצָּד אֶת הַיָּשֵׁן וְאֶת הַסּוּמָא חַיָּב:

[The following principle applies regarding] the eight creeping animals mentioned in the Torah and similarly, other creeping animals and crawling things: When a species is usually trapped, a person who traps any one of them - whether for a purpose, or without a purpose, even merely for the sake of sport - is liable, since he intended to trap and actually did so. A person is liable for performing a [forbidden] labor even if he has no need for the actual labor he performed. A person who traps an animal that is sleeping or a blind animal is liable.

הַמְשַׁלֵּחַ כְּלָבִים כְּדֵי שֶׁיָּצוּדוּ צְבָאִים וְאַרְנָבִים וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן וּבָרַח הַצְּבִי מִפְּנֵי הַכֶּלֶב וְהָיָה הוּא רוֹדֵף אַחַר הַצְּבִי אוֹ שֶׁעָמַד בְּפָנָיו וְהִבְהִילוֹ עַד שֶׁהִגִּיעַ הַכֶּלֶב וּתְפָשׂוֹ הֲרֵי זֶה תּוֹלֶדֶת הַצָּד וְחַיָּב. וְכֵן הָעוֹשֶׂה כַּדֶּרֶךְ הַזּוֹ בְּעוֹפוֹת:

When a person sends out dogs to trap deer, rabbits, and the like, the deer flees because of the dog, and the person chases after the deer or stands before it and as such, frightens it so that the dog can catch it, he is liable for [performing] a derivative [of the forbidden labor] of trapping. The same applies with regard to [trapping] fowl.

צְבִי שֶׁנִּכְנַס לְבַיִת וְנָעַל אֶחָד בְּפָנָיו חַיָּב. נְעָלוּהוּ שְׁנַיִם פְּטוּרִין. אִם אֵין אֶחָד יָכוֹל לִנְעל וּנְעָלוּהוּ שְׁנַיִם חַיָּבִין. יָשַׁב אֶחָד עַל הַפֶּתַח וְלֹא מִלְּאָהוּ וְיָשַׁב הַשֵּׁנִי וּמִלְּאָהוּ הַשֵּׁנִי חַיָּב. יָשַׁב הָרִאשׁוֹן וּמִלְּאָהוּ וּבָא הַשֵּׁנִי וְיָשַׁב בְּצִדּוֹ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁעָמַד הָרִאשׁוֹן וְהָלַךְ לוֹ הָרִאשׁוֹן חַיָּב וְהַשֵּׁנִי לֹא עָשָׂה כְּלוּם וּמֻתָּר לוֹ לֵישֵׁב בִּמְקוֹמוֹ עַד הָעֶרֶב וְלוֹקֵחַ הַצְּבִי. לְמָה זֶה דּוֹמֶה לְנוֹעֵל בֵּיתוֹ לְשָׁמְרוֹ וְנִמְצָא צְבִי שָׁמוּר בְּתוֹכוֹ שֶׁלֹּא עָשָׂה כְּלוּם. נִכְנְסָה לוֹ צִפּוֹר תַּחַת כְּנָפָיו יוֹשֵׁב וּמְשַׁמְּרָהּ עַד שֶׁתֶּחְשַׁךְ וּמֻתָּר:

When a deer enters a room and one person closes it, the latter is liable. If two people close it, they are not liable. If the door cannot be closed by a single person and they both close it, they are both liable. When one person sat in the entrance and did not block it, and a second person sat down and blocked it, the second person is liable. When the one person blocks the entrance when he sits down, and a second person sits down next to him [in a manner that also obstructs the entrance], the first person [alone] is liable. [This applies] even if he later rises and leaves, [and the second person remains blocking the entrance], for the second person has not done anything. He is permitted to remain seated in the doorway until the evening and then take the deer. To what could this be compared? To one who locks his house to protect it and finds a trapped deer inside. If a fowl enters under the edge of a person's clothes, he may [continue] sitting and watch it until nightfall. It is [then] permitted [to take it].

הַצָּד צְבִי זָקֵן אוֹ חִגֵּר אוֹ חוֹלֶה אוֹ קָטָן פָּטוּר. הַמְפָרֵק בְּהֵמָה חַיָּה וָעוֹף מִן הַמְּצוּדָה פָּטוּר. הַצָּד חַיָּה וָעוֹף שֶׁבִּרְשׁוּתוֹ כְּגוֹן אֲוָזִין וְתַרְנְגוֹלִין וְיוֹנֵי (עֲלִיָּה) פָּטוּר. הַצָּד דָּבָר שֶׁאֵין בְּמִינוֹ צִידָה כְּגוֹן חֲגָבִים הַגָּזִין צְרָעִין וְיַתּוּשִׁין וּפַרְעוֹשִׁין וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּאֵלּוּ הֲרֵי זֶה פָּטוּר:

A person who traps a deer that is old, limping, sick, or small is not liable. A person who releases an animal, a beast, or a fowl from a trap is not liable. A person who traps a beast or a fowl that is in his domain - e.g., ducks, chickens, or doves from a cote - is not liable. A person who traps a living being whose species is not usually trapped - e.g., locusts, wild bees, hornets, mosquitoes, fleas, and the like - is not liable.

רְמָשִׂים הַמַּזִּיקִין כְּגוֹן נְחָשִׁים וְעַקְרַבִּים וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינָן מְמִיתִין הוֹאִיל וְנוֹשְׁכִין מֻתָּר לָצוּד אוֹתָם בְּשַׁבָּת. וְהוּא שֶׁיִּתְכַּוֵּן לְהִנָּצֵל מִנְּשִׁיכָתָן. כֵּיצַד הוּא עוֹשֶׂה. כּוֹפֶה כְּלִי עֲלֵיהֶן אוֹ מַקִּיף עֲלֵיהֶן אוֹ קוֹשְׁרָן כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יַזִּיקוּ:

Crawling beasts that are dangerous - e.g., snakes, scorpions and the like - may be trapped on the Sabbath. [This leniency is granted] even when they are not deadly, but merely bite, provided one's intent is to prevent [someone from] being bitten. What should one do? Place a utensil over them, cover them with something, or tie them so they cannot cause damage.