Second Tithes and Fourth Year's Fruit Chapter 2

מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי נֶאֱכָל לִבְעָלָיו לְפָנִים מֵחוֹמַת יְרוּשָׁלַיִם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יד כג) "וְאָכַלְתָּ לִפְנֵי ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ בַּמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר יִבְחַר לְשַׁכֵּן שְׁמוֹ שָׁם" וְגוֹ'. וְנוֹהֵג בִּפְנֵי הַבַּיִת וְשֶׁלֹּא בִּפְנֵי הַבַּיִת אֲבָל אֵינוֹ נֶאֱכָל בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם אֶלָּא בִּפְנֵי הַבַּיִת שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יד כג) "מַעְשַׂר דְּגָנְךָ תִּירשְׁךָ וְיִצְהָרֶךָ וּבְכֹרֹת בְּקָרְךָ וְצֹאנְךָ". מִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה לָמְדוּ מָה בְּכוֹר אֵינוֹ נֶאֱכָל אֶלָּא בִּפְנֵי הַבַּיִת אַף מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי לֹא יֵאָכֵל אֶלָּא בִּפְנֵי הַבַּיִת:

The second tithe should be eaten by its owners within the walls of Jerusalem, as [Deuteronomy 14:23] states: "And you shall eat before G-d, your Lord, in the place He chooses to cause His name to dwell." It must be observed whether the Temple is standing or it is not standing. Nevertheless, we partake of it only while the Temple is standing, for [the verse states]: "the tithe of your grain, your wine, your oil, and the firstborn of your cattle or your sheep." According to the Oral Tradition, it was taught: Just as a firstborn is not eaten except while the Temple is standing, so too, the second tithe is not eaten except when the Temple is standing.

מִדַּת חֲסִידוּת שֶׁפּוֹדִין מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בַּזְּמַן הַזֶּה בְּשָׁוְיוֹ כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁפּוֹדִין אוֹתוֹ בִּפְנֵי הַבַּיִת. וְהוֹרוּ הַגְּאוֹנִים שֶׁאִם רָצָה לִפְדּוֹת שְׁוֵה מָנֶה בִּפְרוּטָה לְכַתְּחִלָּה בַּזְּמַן הַזֶּה פּוֹדֶה. לֹא יִהְיֶה זֶה חָמוּר מִן הַקֹּדֶשׁ. וּמַשְׁלִיךְ הַפְּרוּטָה לַיָּם הַגָּדוֹל:

It is pious behavior to redeem the second tithe in this time for the same [value] as they redeemed it when the Temple [stood]. Geonim teach that if a person wants to redeem a maneh's [worth] for a p'rutah, he may so redeem as an initial [measure], [because] one need not be more stringent [with this produce] than with consecrated [produce]. The p'rutah is discarded in the Mediterranean Sea.

וְכֵן אִם חִלֵּל מַעֲשֵׂר שְׁוֵה מָנֶה עַל שְׁוֵה פְּרוּטָה מִפֵּרוֹת אֲחֵרוֹת הֲרֵי זֶה מְחֻלָּל. וְשׂוֹרֵף אֶת הַפֵּרוֹת שֶׁחִלֵּל עֲלֵיהֶם כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיוּ תַּקָּלָה לַאֲחֵרִים. כְּפִדְיוֹן נֶטַע רְבָעִי בַּזְּמַן הַזֶּה כְּמוֹ שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ בְּהִלְכוֹת אִסּוּרֵי מַאֲכָלוֹת:

Similarly, if one transferred the holiness of a maneh's worth of produce that is the second tithe for a p'rutah's worth of other produce, the holiness is transferred. He should then burn the produce to which he transferred the holiness so that it will not present an obstacle to others, [following the same procedure] as the redemption of neta rivai'i in the present age, as we explained in Hilchot Ma'achalot Assurot.

כְּשֵׁם שֶׁאֵין אוֹכְלִין מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בַּזְּמַן הַזֶּה בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם כָּךְ אֵין פּוֹדִין אוֹתוֹ שָׁם. וְאֵין מְחַלְּלִין אוֹתוֹ וְאֵין מוֹכְרִין אוֹתוֹ. וְאִם נִכְנַס בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם אַף בַּזְּמַן הַזֶּה אֵין מוֹצִיאִין אוֹתוֹ מִשָּׁם וּמַנִּיחִים אוֹתוֹ שָׁם עַד שֶׁיֵּרָקֵב וְכֵן אִם עָבַר וְהוֹצִיאוֹ מִשָּׁם מַנִּיחִין אוֹתוֹ עַד שֶׁיֵּרָקֵב. לְפִיכָךְ אֵין מַפְרִישִׁים מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם בַּזְּמַן הַזֶּה אֶלָּא מוֹצִיאִין אֶת הַפֵּרוֹת בְּטִבְלָן חוּץ לָעִיר וּמַפְרִישִׁין אוֹתוֹ שָׁם וּפוֹדֵהוּ. וְאִם הִפְרִישׁוּ שָׁם בַּזְּמַן הַזֶּה יֵרָקֵב:

Just as we do not partake of the second tithe in the present era in Jerusalem, so too, we do not redeem it there, nor transfer its holiness, or sell it. If [produce which is the second tithe] is brought into Jerusalem in the present era, it should not be removed from there. Instead, we leave it there until it rots. Similarly, if one transgressed and removed it from there, he should leave it until it rots. For this reason, we do not separate the second tithe in the present era in Jerusalem. Instead, we remove the produce from the city while it is tevel and redeem it. If it was separated there in the present era, it should be left to rot.

כָּל הָאוֹכֵל כְּזַיִת מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי אוֹ שֶׁשָּׁתָה מִמֶּנּוּ רְבִיעִית יַיִן חוּץ לְחוֹמַת יְרוּשָׁלַיִם לוֹקֶה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יב יז) "לֹא תוּכַל לֶאֱכל בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ מַעְשַׂר דְּגָנְךָ תִּירשְׁךָ וְיִצְהָרֶךָ" וְגוֹ'. וְלוֹקֶה עַל כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ. לְפִיכָךְ אִם אָכַל שְׁלָשְׁתָּן חוּץ לַחוֹמָה לוֹקֶה שָׁלֹשׁ מַלְקִיּוֹת שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יד כג) "וְאָכַלְתָּ לִפְנֵי ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ" מַעְשַׂר דְּגָנְךָ תִּירשְׁךָ וְיִצְהָרֶךָ וְנֶאֱמַר לֹא תוּכַל לֶאֱכל בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ מַעְשַׂר דְּגָנְךָ וְגוֹ' לָמָּה פְּרָטָן וְלֹא אָמַר לֹא תֹאכְלֵם בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ לְחַיֵּב עַל כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ:

Anyone who eats an olive-sized portion of [produce from] the second tithe or who drinks a revi'it of wine [from such produce] outside the walls of Jerusalem is liable for lashes, as [Deuteronomy 12:17] states: "In your gates, you may not partake of the tithe of your grain, your wine, and your oil." He is liable for lashes for each one individually. Therefore if he partakes of the three outside the walls [of Jerusalem], he is liable for three sets of lashes, for it is stated: And you shall eat before G-d in the place He chooses to cause His name to dwell." It must be observed whether the Temple is standing or it is not standing. Nevertheless, we partake of it only while the Temple is standing, for [the Torah states]: "And you shall eat before G-d... the tithe of your grain, your wine, your oil," and "You may not partake of the tithe of your grain, your wine, and your oil." Why does [the Torah] mention them individually instead of saying: "Do not partake of them in your gates?" To make one liable for each one individually.

אֵינוֹ לוֹקֶה מִן הַתּוֹרָה עַד שֶׁיֹּאכְלֶנּוּ אַחַר שֶׁנִּכְנַס לְחוֹמַת יְרוּשָׁלַיִם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יב יז) "לֹא תוּכַל לֶאֱכל בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ" וְגוֹ' (דברים יד כג) "וְאָכַלְתָּ לִפְנֵי ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ". כֵּיוָן שֶׁנִּכְנַס לִמְקוֹם אֲכִילָתוֹ וַאֲכָלוֹ בַּחוּץ לוֹקֶה. אֲבָל אִם אֲכָלוֹ קֹדֶם שֶׁיִּכָּנְסוּ לִירוּשָׁלַיִם מַכִּין אוֹתוֹ מַכַּת מַרְדּוּת מִדִּבְרֵיהֶם:

According to Scriptural Law, one is not liable for lashes unless he partakes of produce [from the second tithe] after it had entered the walls of Jerusalem [and was removed], as it is written: "You may not partake... in your gates" and "And you shall eat before G-d." [Implied is that] since the produce enters the place where it should be eaten and then it was eaten outside [that place], one is liable for lashes. If, however, one ate such produce before it entered Jerusalem, he should be given stripes for rebellious conduct.

מִקְצָת מַעֲשֵׂר בִּפְנִים וּמִקְצָתוֹ מִבַּחוּץ הָאוֹכֵל מִזֶּה שֶׁעֲדַיִן לֹא נִכְנַס מַכִּין אוֹתוֹ מַכַּת מַרְדּוּת. וְהָאוֹכֵל בַּחוּץ מִזֶּה שֶׁנִּכְנַס לוֹקֶה:

[The following rules apply if] a portion of [produce from the second] tithe is inside [Jerusalem] and a portion is outside. One who eats from the portion that has not entered [the city] should be given stripes for rebellious conduct. If one eats the portion that entered outside [the city], he is liable for lashes.

אֵין פּוֹדִין מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן נִטְמָא שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יד כד) "כִּי יִרְחַק מִמְּךָ הַמָּקוֹם" בְּרִחוּק מָקוֹם הוּא נִפְדֶּה וְאֵינוֹ נִפְדֶּה בְּקֵרוּב מָקוֹם. הָיָה הוּא בִּפְנִים וּמַשָּׂאוֹ בַּחוּץ אֲפִלּוּ הָיָה אוֹחֵז אוֹתוֹ בְּקָנֶה הוֹאִיל וְלֹא נִכְנַס הַמַּעֲשֵׂר הֲרֵי זֶה מֻתָּר לִפְדּוֹתוֹ שָׁם בְּצַד הַחוֹמָה:

We do not redeem the second tithe in Jerusalem unless it became impure,

מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁנִּכְנַס לִירוּשָׁלַיִם אֲפִלּוּ שֶׁל דְּמַאי אָסוּר לְהוֹצִיאוֹ מִשָּׁם שֶׁכְּבָר קְלָטוּהוּ מְחִצּוֹת. וְכֵן פֵּרוֹת הַנִּלְקָחִין בְּכֶסֶף מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יד כג) "וְאָכַלְתָּ לִפְנֵי ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ". עָבַר וְהוֹצִיאָן אוֹ שֶׁיָּצְאוּ בִּשְׁגָגָה יַחְזְרוּ וְיֵאָכְלוּ בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם. וּקְלִיטַת מְחִצּוֹת מִדִּבְרֵיהֶם אֲפִלּוּ מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁאֵין בְּחֻמְשׁוֹ שְׁוֵה פְּרוּטָה שֶׁהוּא מִדִּבְרֵיהֶם מְחִצּוֹת קוֹלְטוֹת אוֹתוֹ וְאָסוּר לְהוֹצִיאוֹ. אֲבָל מְעוֹת מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי נִכְנָסִין לִירוּשָׁלַיִם וְיוֹצְאִין:

Once produce from the second tithe - even if it is demai - is brought into Jerusalem, it is forbidden to remove it from there, for it has already been taken in by [the city's] barriers. Similar concepts apply with regard to produce purchased with money [from the redemption of] the second tithe, as [implied by] the verse: "And you shall eat before G-d your Lord." If a person transgressed and took [such produce] out of Jerusalem or it was taken out inadvertently, it should be returned and eaten in Jerusalem. [The concept that produce from the second tithe that was brought into Jerusalem is] taken in by its partitions is a Rabbinic decree. Even produce from [the redemption of] the second tithe whose fifth is not worth a p'rutah which is [observed] by virtue of Rabbinic decree [alone] is taken in by [the city's] partitions and it is forbidden to remove it. Money from [the redemption of] the second tithe, by contrast, may be brought into Jerusalem and then removed.

פֵּרוֹת שֶׁנִּגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן וְעָבְרוּ בְּתוֹךְ יְרוּשָׁלַיִם וְיָצְאוּ אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהוֹצִיא עֲלֵיהֶן מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי מִפֵּרוֹת אֲחֵרוֹת שֶׁלֹּא נִכְנְסוּ לִירוּשָׁלַיִם. אֶלָּא יַחֲזֹר מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁלָּהֶן וְיֵאָכֵל בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם וְאֵינוֹ נִפְדֶּה בַּחוּץ. אֲפִלּוּ עָשָׂה כָּל הַפֵּרוֹת הָאֵלּוּ מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי אַחַר שֶׁיָּצְאוּ עַל פֵּרוֹת אֲחֵרוֹת שֶׁלֹּא נִכְנְסוּ יַחְזְרוּ וְיֵאָכְלוּ בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם. חֹמֶר הוּא בִּמְחִצּוֹת יְרוּשָׁלַיִם הוֹאִיל וְקָלְטוּ קָלְטוּ:

When produce for which the tasks involved in its preparation have been completed is taken through Jerusalem and then removed, [its owner] cannot separate tithes from it from other produce which has not been brought into Jerusalem yet. Instead, the second tithe from this produce should be [separated,] and returned and eaten in Jerusalem. It cannot be redeemed outside the city. Even if one designates the entire quantity of produce which was removed as the second tithe for produce that was not yet brought [to Jerusalem], it must be returned and eaten in [that city]. This is a stringency associated with the walls of Jerusalem. Once [produce] is taken in by them, it has been taken in.

פֵּרוֹת שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן שֶׁעָבְרוּ בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם וְיָצְאוּ. כְּגוֹן סַלֵּי עֲנָבִים לְגַת וְסַלֵּי תְּאֵנִים בְּמֻקְצֶה. מֻתָּר לִפְדּוֹת מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁלָּהֶם בַּחוּץ. וְכֵן פֵּרוֹת דְּמַאי אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנִּגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן וְעָבְרוּ בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם וְיָצְאוּ פּוֹדִין מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁלָּהֶן בַּחוּץ:

When produce for which the tasks involved in its preparation have not been completed, e.g., baskets of grapes that are being taking to the vat or baskets of figs that are being taken to dry, is taken through Jerusalem and then removed, it is permitted to redeem the second tithe from them outside Jerusalem. Similarly, the second tithe from produce that is demai may be redeemed outside [of Jerusalem] even though the tasks involved in its preparation have been completed and it passed through the city.

פֵּרוֹת מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם וּפְדָאָן אִם נִטְמְאוּ בִּוְלַד הַטֻּמְאָה אָסוּר לְהוֹצִיאָן. אֶלָּא יֵאָכְלוּ בִּפְנִים מִפְּנֵי שֶׁוְּלַד הַטֻּמְאָה מִדִּבְרֵיהֶם. וְאִם נִטְמְאוּ בְּאַב הַטֻּמְאָה אוֹ שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ בַּחוּץ וַאֲפִלּוּ בִּוְלַד הַטֻּמְאָה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנִּכְנְסוּ לִירוּשָׁלַיִם הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ נִפְדִּין וְנֶאֱכָלִין בְּכָל מָקוֹם:

[The following laws apply when] produce from the second tithe which became impure in Jerusalem was redeemed. If it became impure through contact with a secondary source of impurity, it is forbidden to remove it.[Instead,] it should be eaten within [the city]. If it became impure as a result of contact with a primary source of impurity or it became impure outside [the city] even through contact with a secondary source of impurity, it may be redeemed and eaten in any place, even though it was brought into Jerusalem.

בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים כְּשֶׁהִכְנִיסָן עַל מְנָת שֶׁלֹּא תִּתְפְּשֵׂם הַמְּחִצּוֹת. אֲבָל אִם לֹא הִתְנָה הוֹאִיל וְנִכְנַס הֲרֵי הוּא טָהוֹר מִן הַתּוֹרָה [שֶׁאֵין וָלָד מְטַמֵּא שֵׁנִי מִן הַתּוֹרָה] וּכְבָר קְלָטוּהוּ מְחִצּוֹת וְאֵינוֹ יוֹצֵא:

When does the above apply? When it was brought in with the intent that the barriers of [the city] would not take it in. If, however, he did not make such a stipulation, since it entered the city and it is ritually pure according to Scriptural Law, it is taken in by [the city's] barriers and should not be removed. For a secondary source of ritual impurity does not impart impurity to another entity according to Scriptural Law.

תִּלְתָּן שֶׁל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי מֻתָּר לְאָכְלָהּ צִמְחוֹנִין שֶׁכָּךְ הִיא רְאוּיָה לַאֲכִילָה. וְכֵן כַּרְשִׁינֵי מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי יֵאָכְלוּ צִמְחוֹנִין. וְאִם עָשָׂה מֵהֶם עִסָּה הֲרֵי זוֹ מֻתֶּרֶת לְהִכָּנֵס לִירוּשָׁלַיִם וּלְהוֹצִיאָהּ שֶׁאֵינָן בִּכְלַל הַפֵּרוֹת. וְאִם נִטְמְאוּ בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם יִפָּדוּ וְיֵאָכְלוּ בַּחוּץ:

It is permitted to partake of chilba from the second tithe while it is in its fresh state, for then it is fit to be eaten. Similarly, vetch from the second tithe may be eaten while it is fresh. If one made a dough from them, it is permitted to take it into Jerusalem and remove it, because vetch is not considered as [ordinary] produce. If it became impure in Jerusalem, it may be redeemed and eaten outside [the city].

אִילָן שֶׁעוֹמֵד לְפָנִים מִן הַחוֹמָה וְנוֹפוֹ נוֹטֶה חוּץ לַחוֹמָה אֵין אוֹכְלִין תַּחַת נוֹפוֹ מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי. וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁנִּכְנַס תַּחַת נוֹפוֹ אֵין פּוֹדִין אוֹתוֹ שֶׁהֲרֵי הוּא כְּמִי שֶׁנִּכְנַס לִירוּשָׁלַיִם:

When a tree is standing within the walls of Jerusalem and its branches extend outside the wall, produce from the second tithe should not be eaten under [those] branches. If, however, produce from the second tithe was brought under its branches, it can no longer be redeemed, because it is considered as if it was brought into Jerusalem.

בָּתִּים שֶׁבְּצַד הַחוֹמָה שֶׁפִּתְחֵיהֶם לְפָנִים מִן הַחוֹמָה וַחֲלָלָן לְחוּץ. מִכְּנֶגֶד הַחוֹמָה וּלְפָנִים כִּלְפָנִים לְכָל דָּבָר וּמִכְּנֶגֶד הַחוֹמָה וְלַחוּץ אֵין אוֹכְלִים שָׁם וְאֵין פּוֹדִין שָׁם לְהַחֲמִיר. הָיָה חֲלָלָן לְפָנִים וּפִתְחֵיהֶם לַחוּץ. מִכְּנֶגֶד הַחוֹמָה וְלַחוּץ כְּלַחוּץ פּוֹדִין בּוֹ וְאֵין אוֹכְלִין. וּמִכְּנֶגֶד הַחוֹמָה וְלִפְנִים אֵין אוֹכְלִין שָׁם וְאֵין פּוֹדִין לְהַחֲמִיר. וְהַחַלּוֹנוֹת וָעֳבִי הַחוֹמָה כִּלְפָנִים:

[The following rules apply when] houses positioned at the side of the wall with their entrances within the wall, but the length of the house extends outside the wall. [The portions of the house that] are within the wall are considered as being within the city with regard to all matters. In those which are outside the wall, we may not eat [the produce of the second tithe] and as a stringency, produce from the second tithe should not be redeemed there. If the length of the house extends within [the wall] and the entrance is outside, [the portion that are] outside the wall are considered as outside the city. We may re redeem [produce from the tithes] there and may not partake of it there. [In the portion that is within the wall], we may not eat [such produce] there and as a stringency, we may not redeem it. The windows and the breadth of the walls are considered within the city.