6כָּל עֶבֶד עִבְרִי אָסוּר לַעֲבֹד בּוֹ בְּפָרֶךְ. וְאֵיזוֹ הִיא עֲבוֹדַת פָּרֶךְ זוֹ עֲבוֹדָה שֶׁאֵין לָהּ קִצְבָה וַעֲבוֹדָה שֶׁאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לָהּ אֶלָּא תִּהְיֶה מַחְשַׁבְתּוֹ לְהַעֲבִידוֹ בִּלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִבָּטֵל. מִכָּאן אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים שֶׁלֹּא יֹאמַר לוֹ עֲדֹר תַּחַת הַגְּפָנִים עַד שֶׁאָבוֹא שֶׁהֲרֵי לֹא נָתַן לוֹ קִצְבָה. אֶלָּא יֹאמַר לוֹ עֲדֹר עַד שָׁעָה פְּלוֹנִית אוֹ עַד מָקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי. וְכֵן לֹא יֹאמַר לוֹ חֲפֹר מָקוֹם זֶה וְהוּא אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לוֹ. וַאֲפִלּוּ לְהָחֵם לוֹ כּוֹס שֶׁל חַמִּין אוֹ לְהָצֵן וְאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לוֹ אָסוּר וְעוֹבֵר עָלָיו בְּלֹא תַּעֲשֶׂה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא כה מג) "לֹא תִרְדֶּה בוֹ בְּפָרֶךְ". הָא אֵינוֹ עוֹשֶׂה לוֹ אֶלָּא דָּבָר קָצוּב שֶׁהוּא צָרִיךְ לוֹ. וְכֵן הָעַכּוּ"ם שֶׁנִּמְכַּר לוֹ אִם רָדָה בּוֹ בְּפָרֶךְ הֲרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מְצֻוִּין לְמָנְעוֹ. וְאִם הִנִּיחוּהוּ עוֹבְרִים בְּלֹא תַּעֲשֶׂה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא כה נג) "לֹא יִרְדֶּנּוּ בְּפֶרֶךְ לְעֵינֶיךָ". וְאֵין אָנוּ נִזְקָקִין לִכְנֹס לִרְשׁוּתוֹ שֶׁל עַכּוּ"ם וְלִבְדֹּק אַחֲרָיו שֶׁלֹּא יַעֲבִידֶנּוּ בְּפָרֶךְ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר לְעֵינֶיךָ בִּזְמַן שֶׁאַתָּה רוֹאֶה:
It is forbidden to make any Hebrew servant perform excruciating labor. What is excruciating labor? Labor that has no limit, or labor that is unnecessary and is asked of the servant with the intent to give him work so that he will not remain idle. Based on the above, our Sages said that a master should not tell a Hebrew servant: "Hoe under the vines until I come," for he has not placed a limit on the work asked of him. Instead, he should tell him: "Hoe until this and this time," or "until you reach this and this place." Similarly, he should not tell him "Dig in this place," if he has no need for that activity. Even telling him to warm a drink for him, or to cool one off for him, if he does not need it, is forbidden, and reflects the violation of a negative commandment, as Leviticus 25:43 states: "Do not impose excruciating work on him." Thus, a Hebrew servant may be compelled to perform only a limited and necessary task. Similarly, if a Hebrew servant is sold to a gentile, who imposes excruciating labor upon him, the Jews are commanded to prevent him from doing so. If they allow him to continue, they transgress a negative commandment, as Ibid.:53: "He should not impose excruciating work upon him before your eyes." We are not, however, required to enter the gentile's domain and check to see that he is not imposing excruciating labor upon him. This is implied by the term: "before your eyes" - i.e., when you see.