Foundations of the Torah Chapter 7

מִיסוֹדֵי הַדָּת לֵידַע שֶׁהָאֵל מְנַבֵּא אֶת בְּנֵי הָאָדָם. וְאֵין הַנְּבוּאָה חָלָה אֶלָּא עַל חָכָם גָּדוֹל בַּחָכְמָה, גִּבּוֹר בְּמִדּוֹתָיו, וְלֹא יְהֵא יִצְרוֹ מִתְגַּבֵּר עָלָיו בְּדָבָר בָּעוֹלָם אֶלָּא הוּא מִתְגַּבֵּר בְּדַעְתּוֹ עַל יִצְרוֹ תָּמִיד. וְהוּא בַּעַל דֵּעָה רְחָבָה נְכוֹנָה עַד מְאֹד. אָדָם שֶׁהוּא מְמֻלָּא בְּכָל הַמִּדּוֹת הָאֵלּוּ שָׁלֵם בְּגוּפוֹ, כְּשֶׁיִּכָּנֵס לַפַּרְדֵּס וְיִמָּשֵׁךְ בְּאוֹתָן הָעִנְיָנִים הַגְּדוֹלִים הָרְחוֹקִים, וְתִהְיֶה לוֹ דֵּעָה נְכוֹנָה לְהָבִין וּלְהַשִּׂיג וְהוּא מִתְקַדֵּשׁ וְהוֹלֵךְ וּפוֹרֵשׁ מִדַּרְכֵי כְּלַל הָעָם הַהוֹלְכִים בְּמַחֲשַׁכֵּי הַזְּמַן, וְהוֹלֵךְ וּמְזָרֵז עַצְמוֹ וּמְלַמֵּד נַפְשׁוֹ שֶׁלֹּא תִּהְיֶה לוֹ מַחֲשָׁבָה כְּלָל בְּאֶחָד מִדְּבָרִים בְּטֵלִים וְלֹא מֵהַבְלֵי הַזְּמַן וְתַחְבּוּלוֹתָיו, אֶלָּא דַּעְתּוֹ פְּנוּיָה תָּמִיד לְמַעְלָה קְשׁוּרָה תַּחַת הַכִּסֵּא לְהָבִין בְּאוֹתָן הַצּוּרוֹת הַקְּדוֹשׁוֹת הַטְּהוֹרוֹת, וּמִסְתַּכֵּל בְּחָכְמָתוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא כֻּלָּהּ מִצּוּרָה רִאשׁוֹנָה עַד טַבּוּר הָאָרֶץ וְיוֹדֵעַ מֵהֶן גָּדְלוֹ, מִיָּד רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ שׁוֹרָה עָלָיו. וּבְעֵת שֶׁתָּנוּחַ עָלָיו הָרוּחַ תִּתְעָרֵב נַפְשׁוֹ בְּמַעֲלַת הַמַּלְאָכִים הַנִּקְרָאִים אִישִׁים וְיֵהָפֵךְ לְאִישׁ אַחֵר וְיָבִין בְּדַעְתּוֹ שֶׁאֵינוֹ כְּמוֹת שֶׁהָיָה אֶלָּא שֶׁנִּתְעַלָּה עַל מַעֲלַת שְׁאָר בְּנֵי אָדָם הַחֲכָמִים, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בְּשָׁאוּל (שמואל א י ו) "וְהִתְנַבִּיתָ עִמָּם וְנֶהְפַּכְתָּ לְאִישׁ אַחֵר":

It is of the foundations of religion to know that G-d makes people receive prophecy. And prophecy only descends upon a very wise person who is strong in his character traits and whose inclination never overcomes him about anything in the world, but rather he always overcomes his inclination. And he [must have] a mind that is broad and very correct. A person who is filled with all of these traits [and] is complete in his body - when he enters 'the orchard' and is pulled into the distant great matters, and his mind will be correct to understand and comprehend, and he sanctifies himself and goes and separates himself from the ways of the rest of the people that go in temporal darkness, and goes and hastens himself and trains his soul not to have even a single thought about empty matters nor about the wastes of time and its machinations, but rather his thought is always directed towards the Heavens, tied under the Holy throne, to understand those pure and holy forms, and looks into the entire wisdom of the Holy One, blessed be He, from the primal form to the navel of the earth, and knows His greatness from them; immediately the Holy spirit rests upon him. And when the Divine spirit rests upon him, his soul will be integrated with the stage of the angels that are called eeshim (men) and he will change into a different man, and his mind will understand that he is not like he was, but rather that he has risen to a higher stage than other wise people, as it states with Shaul (I Samuel 10:6) "and you will prophesy with them, and will have turned into another man."

הַנְּבִיאִים מַעֲלוֹת מַעֲלוֹת הֵן. כְּמוֹ שֶׁיֵּשׁ בַּחָכְמָה חָכָם גָּדוֹל מֵחֲבֵרוֹ כָּךְ בַּנְּבוּאָה נָבִיא גָּדוֹל מִנָּבִיא. וְכֻלָּן אֵין רוֹאִין מַרְאֵה הַנְּבוּאָה אֶלָּא בַּחֲלוֹם בְּחֶזְיוֹן לַיְלָה. אוֹ בַּיּוֹם אַחַר שֶׁתִּפּל עֲלֵיהֶן תַּרְדֵּמָה כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר יב ו) "בַּמַּרְאָה אֵלָיו אֶתְוַדָּע בַּחֲלוֹם אֲדַבֶּר בּוֹ". וְכֻלָּן כְּשֶׁמִּתְנַבְּאִים אֵיבְרֵיהֶן מִזְדַּעְזְעִין וְכֹחַ הַגּוּף כָּשֵׁל וְעֶשְׁתּוֹנוֹתֵיהֶם מִתְטָרְפוֹת וְתִשָּׁאֵר הַדַּעַת פְּנוּיָה לְהָבִין מַה שֶּׁתִּרְאֶה. כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בְּאַבְרָהָם (בראשית טו יב) "וְהִנֵּה אֵימָה חֲשֵׁכָה גְדלָה נֹפֶלֶת עָלָיו". וּכְמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בְּדָנִיֵּאל (דניאל י ח) "וְהוֹדִי נֶהְפַּךְ עָלַי לְמַשְׁחִית וְלֹא עָצַרְתִּי כֹּחַ":

There are different levels of prophets. Just as in wisdom, there are sages who are greater than others, so too in prophecy there are prophets who are greater than [other] prophets. And all of them only see the prophetic vision in a dream in a vision of the night, or in the daytime after a trance falls upon them - as it states (Numbers 12:6), "I become known to them in a vision, in a dream I speak to them." And all of them - when they prophesy - their limbs tremble, the strength of the body weakens, and their faculties are impaired [so that] the mind is left unencumbered to understand what it sees, like it states about Avraham (Genesis 15:12), "and behold, a great dark dread fell upon him"; and like it states about Daniel (Daniel 10:8), "And my splendor turned on me to destruction and I had no strength left."

הַדְּבָרִים שֶׁמּוֹדִיעִים לַנָּבִיא בְּמַרְאֵה הַנְּבוּאָה דֶּרֶךְ מָשָׁל מוֹדִיעִין לוֹ וּמִיָּד יֵחָקֵק בְּלִבּוֹ פִּתְרוֹן הַמָּשָׁל בְּמַרְאֵה הַנְּבוּאָה וְיֵדַע מָה הוּא. כְּמוֹ הַסֻּלָּם שֶׁרָאָה יַעֲקֹב אָבִינוּ וּמַלְאָכִים עוֹלִים וְיוֹרְדִים בּוֹ וְהוּא הָיָה מָשָׁל לְמַלְכֻיּוֹת וְשִׁעְבּוּדָן. וּכְמוֹ הַחַיּוֹת שֶׁרָאָה יְחֶזְקֵאל וְהַסִּיר נָפוּחַ וּמַקֵּל שָׁקֵד שֶׁרָאָה יִרְמְיָה וְהַמְּגִלָּה שֶׁרָאָה יְחֶזְקֵאל וְהָאֵיפָה שֶׁרָאָה זְכַרְיָה. וְכֵן שְׁאָר הַנְּבִיאִים. מֵהֶם אוֹמְרִים הַמָּשָׁל וּפִתְרוֹנוֹ כְּמוֹ אֵלּוּ. וְיֵשׁ שֶׁהֵן אוֹמְרִים הַפִּתְרוֹן בִּלְבַד. וּפְעָמִים אוֹמְרִים הַמָּשָׁל בִּלְבַד בְּלֹא פִּתְרוֹן כְּמִקְצָת דִּבְרֵי יְחֶזְקֵאל וּזְכַרְיָה וְכֻלָּן בְּמָשָׁל וְדֶרֶךְ חִידָה הֵם מִתְנַבְּאִים:

The things which are made known to a prophet in the prophetic vision are made known to him via allegory, and the meaning of the allegory from the prophetic vision is instantaneously implanted in his heart and he knows what it [means], like the ladder which our forefather Yaacov saw, with angels ascending and descending upon it, and he knew that it was a metaphor for the empires and their oppression; and like the creatures (chayot) which Yehezkel saw; and the boiling pot and the almond [branch] staff which Yirmiyahu saw; and the scroll which Yehezkel saw; and the measure which Zechariah saw, and similarly [all the] other prophets. Some of them said the allegory and its meaning like these [mentioned above], and some only said the meaning; and sometimes they only said the allegory without any explanation, like some of the words of Yehezkel and Zechariah. And all of them prophesied via allegory and by way of riddles.

כָּל הַנְּבִיאִים אֵין מִתְנַבְּאִין בְּכָל עֵת שֶׁיִּרְצוּ אֶלָּא מְכַוְּנִים דַּעְתָּם וְיוֹשְׁבִים שְׂמֵחִים וְטוֹבֵי לֵב וּמִתְבּוֹדְדִים. שֶׁאֵין הַנְּבוּאָה שׁוֹרָה לֹא מִתּוֹךְ עַצְבוּת וְלֹא מִתּוֹךְ עַצְלוּת אֶלָּא מִתּוֹךְ שִׂמְחָה. לְפִיכָךְ בְּנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים לִפְנֵיהֶם נֵבֶל וְתֹף וְחָלִיל וְכִנּוֹר וְהֵם מְבַקְּשִׁים הַנְּבוּאָה. וְזֶהוּ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמואל א י ה) "וְהֵמָּה מִתְנַבְּאִים" כְּלוֹמַר מְהַלְּכִין בְּדֶרֶךְ הַנְּבוּאָה עַד שֶׁיִּנָּבְאוּ כְּמוֹ שֶׁאַתָּה אוֹמֵר פְּלוֹנִי מִתְגַּדֵּל:

All of the prophets cannot prophesy any time that they want, but rather [they must] focus their minds and sit happily and good-heartedly and isolate themselves - as prophecy does not descend amidst sadness and not amidst slothfulness, but rather amidst happiness. Therefore, the 'children of the prophets' (prophecy students) would have lyre, drum, flute and harp in front of them as they would seek prophecy. And this is what [is meant by that which] is states (I Samuel 10:5), "and they were prophesying"; which is to say they were going in the path of prophecy, until they prophesied - just like you would say, a certain person is growing.

אֵלּוּ שֶׁהֵם מְבַקְּשִׁין לְהִתְנַבֵּא הֵם הַנִּקְרָאִים בְּנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמְּכַוְּנִים דַּעְתָּם אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁתִּשְׁרֶה שְׁכִינָה עֲלֵיהֶן וְאֶפְשָׁר שֶׁלֹּא תִּשְׁרֶה:

Those that seek to prophesy are the ones that are called the 'children of the prophets.' And even though they focus their minds, it is possible that the Divine Presence will rest upon them and it is possible that It will not rest [upon them].

כָּל הַדְּבָרִים שֶׁאָמַרְנוּ הֵם דֶּרֶךְ נְבוּאָה לְכָל הַנְּבִיאִים הָרִאשׁוֹנִים וְהָאַחֲרוֹנִים חוּץ מִמּשֶׁה רַבֵּנוּ רַבָּן שֶׁל כָּל הַנְּבִיאִים. וּמַה הֶפְרֵשׁ יֵשׁ בֵּין נְבוּאַת משֶׁה לִשְׁאָר כָּל הַנְּבִיאִים. שֶׁכָּל הַנְּבִיאִים בַּחֲלוֹם אוֹ בְּמַרְאֶה וּמשֶׁה רַבֵּנוּ מִתְנַבֵּא וְהוּא עֵר וְעוֹמֵד שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר ז פט) "וּבְבֹא משֶׁה אֶל אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד לְדַבֵּר אִתּוֹ וַיִּשְׁמַע אֶת הַקּוֹל מִדַּבֵּר אֵלָיו". כָּל הַנְּבִיאִים עַל יְדֵי מַלְאָךְ. לְפִיכָךְ רוֹאִים מַה שֶּׁהֵם רוֹאִים בְּמָשָׁל וְחִידָה. משֶׁה רַבֵּנוּ לֹא עַל יְדֵי מַלְאָךְ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר יב ח) "פֶּה אֶל פֶּה אֲדַבֶּר בּוֹ". וְנֶאֱמַר (שמות לג יא) "וְדִבֶּר ה' אֶל משֶׁה פָּנִים אֶל פָּנִים". וְנֶאֱמַר (במדבר יב ח) "וּתְמֻנַת ה' יַבִּיט" כְּלוֹמַר שֶׁאֵין שָׁם מָשָׁל אֶלָּא רוֹאֶה הַדָּבָר עַל בֻּרְיוֹ בְּלֹא חִידָה וּבְלֹא מָשָׁל. הוּא שֶׁהַתּוֹרָה מְעִידָה עָלָיו (במדבר יב ח) "בְּמַרְאֶה וְלֹא בְּחִידוֹת" שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִתְנַבֵּא בְּחִידָה אֶלָּא בְּמַרְאֶה שֶׁרוֹאֶה הַדָּבָר עַל בֻּרְיוֹ. כָּל הַנְּבִיאִים יְרֵאִים וְנִבְהָלִים וּמִתְמוֹגְגִין וּמשֶׁה רַבֵּנוּ אֵינוֹ כֵן הוּא, שֶׁהַכָּתוּב אוֹמֵר (שמות לג יא) "כַּאֲשֶׁר יְדַבֵּר אִישׁ אֶל רֵעֵהוּ", כְּלוֹמַר כְּמוֹ שֶׁאֵין אָדָם נִבְהָל לִשְׁמֹעַ דִּבְרֵי חֲבֵרוֹ כָּךְ הָיָה כֹּחַ בְּדַעְתּוֹ שֶׁל משֶׁה רַבֵּנוּ לְהָבִין דִּבְרֵי הַנְּבוּאָה וְהוּא עוֹמֵד עַל עָמְדוֹ שָׁלֵם. כָּל הַנְּבִיאִים אֵין מִתְנַבְּאִים בְּכָל עֵת שֶׁיִּרְצוּ. משֶׁה רַבֵּנוּ אֵינוֹ כֵן אֶלָּא כָּל זְמַן שֶׁיַּחְפֹּץ רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ לוֹבַשְׁתּוֹ וּנְבוּאָה שׁוֹרָה עָלָיו וְאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְכַוֵּן דַּעְתּוֹ וּלְהִזְדַּמֵּן לָהּ שֶׁהֲרֵי הוּא מְכֻוָּן וּמְזֻמָּן וְעוֹמֵד כְּמַלְאֲכֵי הַשָּׁרֵת. לְפִיכָךְ מִתְנַבֵּא בְּכָל עֵת שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר ט ח) "עִמְדוּ וְאֶשְׁמְעָה מַה יְצַוֶּה ה' לָכֶם". וּבָזֶה הִבְטִיחוֹ הָאֵל שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (גמרא יבמות סב א) "לֵךְ אֱמֹר לָהֶם שׁוּבוּ לָכֶם לְאָהֳלֵיכֶם וְאַתָּה פֹּה עֲמֹד עִמָּדִי". הָא לָמַדְתָּ שֶׁכָּל הַנְּבִיאִים כְּשֶׁהַנְּבוּאָה מִסְתַּלֶּקֶת מֵהֶם חוֹזְרִים לְאָהֳלָם שֶׁהוּא צָרְכֵי הַגּוּף כֻּלָּם כִּשְׁאָר הָעָם. לְפִיכָךְ אֵין פּוֹרְשִׁין מִנְּשׁוֹתֵיהֶם. וּמשֶׁה רַבֵּנוּ לֹא חָזַר לְאָהֳלוֹ הָרִאשׁוֹן לְפִיכָךְ פֵּרַשׁ מִן הָאִשָּׁה לְעוֹלָם וּמִן הַדּוֹמֶה לוֹ וְנִקְשְׁרָה דַּעְתּוֹ לְצוּר הָעוֹלָמִים וְלֹא נִסְתַּלֵּק מֵעָלָיו הַהוֹד לְעוֹלָם וְקָרַן עוֹר פָּנָיו וְנִתְקַדֵּשׁ כְּמַלְאָכִים:

All the things that we have said are the way of prophecy for all of the prophets - early and late - except for Moshe, our teacher, the master of all of the prophets. And what distinction is there between the prophecy of Moshe and that of the other prophets? That all of the prophets are [prophesying] in a dream or vision, but Moshe, our teacher, prophesies while he is awake and standing, as it states (Numbers 7:89), "When Moses went into the Tent of Meeting to speak with Him, he would hear the Voice speaking to him." All of the prophets [prophesy] through an angel - therefore, they see what they see via allegory and riddles. [But] Moshe, our teacher, [did not prophesy] through an angel, as it states (Numbers 12:8), "Mouth to mouth do I speak to him"; and it states (Exodus 33:11), "And the Lord would speak to Moshe face to face"; and it states (Numbers 12:8), "and he would behold the appearance of the Lord," which is to say that there would not be an allegory there, but rather he would see the thing clearly, without riddles or allegory. This is what the Torah testifies about him [when it is written] (Numbers 12:8), "in a vision without allegories" - that he does not prophesy via riddles, but rather in a vision where he sees the thing clearly. All of the prophets become afraid and bewildered and would melt down, but Moshe, our teacher, was not like this, as the verse states (Exodus 33:11), "as a man would speak to his fellow"; which is to say, just like a person is not bewildered by hearing the words of his fellow, so was the strength of the mind of Moshe, our teacher, to understand the words of prophecy while he would stand [unaffected, and] complete in his body. All of the prophets cannot prophesy anytime that they want. Moshe, our teacher, was not like this, but rather anytime he wanted, the holy spirit would clothe him and prophecy would rest upon him. And he would not need to focus his mind and to prepare himself for it, as behold, he was focused and prepared and ready like the ministering angels. Therefore, he would prophesy anytime, as it states (Numbers 9:8), "Stay and I will hear what the Lord will command you." And about this G-d promised him (Yevamot 62a), as it states (Deuteronomy 5:27-28), "Go tell them, 'Return to your tents.' And you stay here with me." Behold, you learned that when prophecy withdraws from them, all of the prophets go back to their tents - which are all of the needs of the body - like the rest of the people. Therefore, they do not separate from their wives. But Moshe, our teacher, did not go back to his original tent. Therefore, he separated from women and from that which is similar to it forever, and connected his mind to the Rock of Ages. And the splendor never withdrew from him, and the skin of his face shone and he became holy like the angels.

הַנָּבִיא אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁתִּהְיֶה נְבוּאָתוֹ לְעַצְמוֹ בִּלְבַד לְהַרְחִיב לִבּוֹ וּלְהוֹסִיף דַּעְתּוֹ עַד שֶׁיֵּדַע מַה שֶּׁלֹּא הָיָה יוֹדֵעַ מֵאוֹתָן הַדְּבָרִים הַגְּדוֹלִים. וְאֶפְשָׁר שֶׁיְּשֻׁלַּח לְעַם מֵעַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ אוֹ לְאַנְשֵׁי עִיר אוֹ מַמְלָכָה לְכוֹנֵן אוֹתָם וּלְהוֹדִיעָם מַה יַּעֲשׂוּ אוֹ לְמָנְעָם מִמַּעֲשִׂים הָרָעִים שֶׁבִּידֵיהֶם. וּכְשֶׁמְּשַׁלְּחִים אוֹתוֹ נוֹתְנִין לוֹ אוֹת וּמוֹפֵת כְּדֵי שֶׁיֵּדְעוּ הָעָם שֶׁהָאֵל שְׁלָחוֹ בֶּאֱמֶת. וְלֹא כָּל הָעוֹשֶׂה אוֹת וּמוֹפֵת מַאֲמִינִים לוֹ שֶׁהוּא נָבִיא. אֶלָּא אָדָם שֶׁהָיִינוּ יוֹדְעִים בּוֹ מִתְּחִלָּתוֹ שֶׁהוּא רָאוּי לִנְבוּאָה בְּחָכְמָתוֹ וּבְמַעֲשָׂיו שֶׁנִּתְעַלָּה בָּהֶן עַל כָּל בְּנֵי גִּילוֹ וְהָיָה מְהַלֵּךְ בְּדַרְכֵי הַנְּבוּאָה בִּקְדֻשָּׁתָהּ וּבִפְרִישׁוּתָהּ וְאַחַר כָּךְ בָּא וְעָשָׂה אוֹת וּמוֹפֵת וְאָמַר שֶׁהָאֵל שְׁלָחוֹ מִצְוָה לִשְׁמֹעַ מִמֶּנּוּ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יח טו) "אֵלָיו תִּשְׁמָעוּן". וְאֶפְשָׁר שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה אוֹת וּמוֹפֵת וְאֵינוֹ נָבִיא. וְזֶה הָאוֹת יֵשׁ לוֹ דְּבָרִים בְּגוֹ. וְאַף עַל פִּי כֵן מִצְוָה לִשְׁמוֹעַ לוֹ הוֹאִיל וְאָדָם גָּדוֹל וְחָכָם וְרָאוּי לִנְבוּאָה [הוּא] מַעֲמִידִים אוֹתוֹ עַל חֶזְקָתוֹ. שֶׁבְּכָךְ נִצְטַוֵּינוּ כְּמוֹ שֶׁנִּצְטַוֵּינוּ לַחְתֹּךְ אֶת הַדִּין עַל פִּי שְׁנֵי עֵדִים כְּשֵׁרִים וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֶפְשָׁר שֶׁהֵעִידוּ בְּשֶׁקֶר הוֹאִיל וּכְשֵׁרִים הֵם אֶצְלֵנוּ מַעֲמִידִין אוֹתָן עַל כַּשְׁרוּתָן. וּבַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלּוּ וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן נֶאֱמַר (דברים כט כח) "הַנִּסְתָּרֹת לַה' אֱלֹהֵינוּ וְהַנִּגְלֹת לָנוּ וּלְבָנֵינוּ". וְנֶאֱמַר (שמואל א טז ז) "כִּי הָאָדָם יִרְאֶה לַעֵינַיִם וַה' יִרְאֶה לַלֵּבָב":

It is a possible that the prophecy of a prophet would be for himself only, to expand his heart and to add to his knowledge to the point that he will know that which he did not know from the great things. And it is possible that [his prophecy is such that] he be sent to a nation from the nations of the earth or to the people of a city or a kingdom to prepare them and to inform them of what they should do, or to have them remove the evil deeds that they have in their hands. And when he is sent, he is given a sign or wonder, in order that the people will know that G-d truly sent him. But we do not believe about anyone who does a sign or wonder that he is a prophet. But rather, a person that we know about him from the beginning that he is fitting for prophecy in his wisdom and in his deeds - that he has elevated himself through them above all his contemporaries - and was going in the ways of prophecy in his holiness and in his separation; and afterwards, he comes and performs a sign or wonder and says that G-d sent him, it is a commandment to listen to him, as it states (Deuteronomy 18:15), "to him shall you listen." And it is possible that he will perform a sign or wonder and that he is not a prophet, and that this sign has [other] things behind it. Yet, nonetheless, it is a commandment to listen to him. Since he is a great and wise man that is fitting for prophecy, we [evaluate] him according to his established status. As about such have we been commanded, just like we have been commanded to decide a case by the [testimony] of two proper witnesses. And even though it is possible that they testified falsely - since they are proper for us, we [evaluate] them according to their established status. And about these things and [those] similar to them, it states (Deuteronomy 29:28), "The hidden things are for the Lord, our G-d, and the revealed things are for us and for our children"; and it states (I Samuel 16:7), "as a person will see to the eyes, and the Lord will see to the heart."