Marriage Chapter 5

הַמְקַדֵשׁ בְּדָבָר שֶׁהוּא אָסוּר בַּהֲנָאָה כְּגוֹן חָמֵץ בְּפֶסַח אוֹ בָּשָׂר בְּחָלָב וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן מִשְּׁאָר אִסּוּרֵי הֲנָאָה אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. וַאֲפִלּוּ הָיָה אָסוּר בַּהֲנָאָה מִדִּבְרֵיהֶם כְּגוֹן חָמֵץ בְּשָׁעָה שִׁשִּׁית מִיּוֹם אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת:

When a man consecrates a woman with an object from which it is forbidden to derive benefit - e.g., a mixture of milk and meat, chametz on Pesach, or other similar objects from which it is prohibited to derive benefit - she is not consecrated. [This ruling applies] even if the prohibition against deriving benefit from the object is merely Rabbinic in origin - e.g., chametz during the sixth hour on the fourteenth of Nisan.

עָבַר וּמָכַר דָּבָר הָאָסוּר בַּהֲנָאָה וְקִדֵּשׁ בְּדָמָיו הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת חוּץ מֵעַכּוּ"ם שֶׁאִם קִדֵּשׁ בְּדָמֶיהָ אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת מִפְּנֵי שֶׁדְּמֵי עַכּוּ"ם אֲסוּרִין בַּהֲנָאָה כָּמוֹהָ. הַמְקַדֵּשׁ בְּפֶרֶשׁ עֶגְלֵי עַכּוּ"ם אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת שֶׁהַכּל מֵעַכּוּ"ם אָסוּר בַּהֲנָאָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יג יח) "וְלֹא יִדְבַּק בְּיָדְךָ מְאוּמָה מִן הַחֵרֶם". אֲבָל הַמְקַדֵּשׁ בְּפֶרֶשׁ שׁוֹר הַנִּסְקָל הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁשּׁוֹר הַנִּסְקָל אָסוּר בַּהֲנָאָה פִּרְשׁוֹ אֵינוֹ אָסוּר בַּהֲנָאָה שֶׁאֵינוֹ דָּבָר חָשׁוּב לְגַבֵּי הַשּׁוֹר:

If a man transgresses and sells an article from which it is forbidden to derive benefit, and consecrates [a woman] with the money [he receives] for it, the kiddushin are valid. [There is one] exception. If a person consecrates a woman with the money [received] for a false deity, the kiddushin are not valid. For it is forbidden to derive benefit from the money received for a false deity, just as [it is forbidden to derive benefit from] the false deity itself. When [a man] consecrates [a woman] with the dung of cows [consecrated to] a false deity, the kiddushin are not valid. For it is forbidden to derive benefit from anything produced by entities [consecrated to] a false deity, as [Deuteronomy 13:18] states: "Let nothing that is condemned cling to your hand." If, by contrast, [a man] consecrates [a woman] with the dung of an ox condemned to be stoned, the kiddushin are binding. Although it is forbidden to derive benefit from an ox condemned to be stoned, this prohibition does not apply to its dung. For the dung is considered of negligible importance when compared to the ox.

הַמְקַדֵּשׁ בְּפֵרוֹת שְׁבִיעִית אוֹ בְּאֵפֶר פָּרָה אֲדֻמָּה אוֹ בְּמַיִם שֶׁמִּלְּאָן לַעֲשׂוֹתָן מֵי נִדָּה הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. הַמְקַדֵּשׁ בְּהֶקְדֵּשׁ שֶׁל בֶּדֶק הַבַּיִת בְּשׁוֹגֵג הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. וְהוּא יְשַׁלֵּם קֶרֶן וְחֹמֶשׁ לְהֶקְדֵּשׁ וְיָבִיא אֲשָׁמוֹ כְּדִין כָּל מוֹעֵל בִּשְׁגָגָה. וְאִם קִדֵּשׁ בּוֹ אִשָּׁה בְּמֵזִיד אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת:

When [a man] consecrates [a woman] with the produce of the Sabbatical year, with the ashes of the Red Heifer, or with water that was drawn for the purpose of sprinkling [the ashes of the Red Heifer], the kiddushin are valid. [The following rules apply when a man] consecrates [a woman] with property dedicated to the Temple. If he was unaware [that the property had been dedicated], the kiddushin are valid. He must give the value [of the dedicated property] and an [additional fifth] to the Temple treasury and bring a guilt offering, as is required of all those who unwittingly make mundane use of property dedicated to the Temple. If he consecrated the woman knowing [that the property was dedicated], she is not consecrated.

קִדְּשָׁהּ בְּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בֵּין בְּשׁוֹגֵג בֵּין בְּמֵזִיד אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. לְפִי שֶׁאֵין לוֹ לַעֲשׂוֹת בּוֹ שְׁאָר חֲפָצָיו עַד שֶׁיִּתְחַלֵּל שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בְּמַעֲשֵׂר (ויקרא כז ל) "לַה' הוּא":

When [a man] consecrates [a woman] with the produce of the second tithe - whether unknowingly or knowingly - the kiddushin are not valid. For unless a person redeems [this produce], it does not belong to him to use for his other purposes, since with regard to [this] tithe, [Leviticus 27:30] states: "It is G-d's."

כֹּהֵן שֶׁקִּדֵּשׁ בְּחֶלְקוֹ מִקָּדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים אוֹ מִקָּדָשִׁים קַלִּים אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא הֻתְּרוּ אֶלָּא לַאֲכִילָה בִּלְבַד. אֲבָל כֹּהֵן שֶׁקִּדֵּשׁ בִּתְרוּמָה גְּדוֹלָה וּבִתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר וּבְבִכּוּרִים וְכֵן לֵוִי שֶׁקִּדֵּשׁ בְּמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן וְיִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁקִּדֵּשׁ בְּמַעֲשַׂר עָנִי הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת:

When a priest consecrates [a woman] with his share of offerings of the most sacred nature or [his share of] offerings of lesser sanctity, she is not consecrated. For one was permitted merely to eat these sacrifices. When, by contrast, a priest consecrates [a woman] with the great terumah, the terumah taken from the tithe or with the first fruits, the kiddushin are binding. [This same ruling applies] when a Levite consecrates [a woman] with [produce from] the first tithe, or an Israelite consecrates [a woman] with [produce from] the tithe of the poor.

מַתָּנוֹת שֶׁלֹּא הוּרְמוּ הֲרֵי הֵם כְּמוֹ שֶׁהוּרְמוּ. לְפִיכָךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לוֹ טְבָלִים מִבֵּית אֲבִי אִמּוֹ כֹּהֵן וְהִפְרִישׁ מֵהֶן תְּרוּמָה וּמַעַשְׂרוֹת הֲרֵי הֵן כִּתְרוּמוֹת וּמַעַשְׂרוֹת שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לוֹ בִּירֻשָּׁה מֵאֲבִי אִמּוֹ. וְאִם קִדֵּשׁ בָּהֶן אִשָּׁה הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. שֶׁאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינָן רְאוּיִין לוֹ לַאֲכִילָה יֵשׁ לוֹ לְמָכְרָן לְמִי שֶׁהֵן רְאוּיִין לוֹ. אֲבָל יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁקִּדֵּשׁ בִּתְרוּמָה שֶׁהִפְרִישׁ מִגָּרְנוֹ אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת שֶׁהֲרֵי אֵין לוֹ לְמָכְרָהּ וְאֵין לוֹ בָּהּ אֶלָּא טוֹבַת הֲנָאָה. לְפִי שֶׁנּוֹתְנָהּ לְכָל כֹּהֵן שֶׁיִּרְצֶה וְטוֹבַת הֲנָאָה אֵינָהּ מָמוֹן:

The gifts [required to be separated from produce] that have not been separated are considered as if they have already been separated. Therefore, when an Israelite inherited produce from his maternal grandfather who was a priest, and none of the required gifts had been separated from that produce, he may separate the terumah and the tithes [and keep the portions to be given to the priests as his own]. It is as if he inherited the terumah and the tithes from his maternal grandfather. Therefore, if he consecrates a woman with them, she is consecrated. Although they are not fit for [the Israelite] to eat, he has the right to sell them to someone for whom they are fit. When, by contrast, an Israelite consecrates [a woman] with terumah that he separates from his grain heap, the kiddushin are not effective. For he does not have the right to sell this terumah; he possesses merely the privilege of giving it to the priest of his choice. This privilege is not considered to be money.

הַמְקַדֵּשׁ אֶת הָאִשָּׁה בְּגֵזֶל אוֹ בִּגְנֵבָה אוֹ בְּחָמָס. אִם נִתְיָאֲשׁוּ הַבְּעָלִים וְנוֹדַע שֶׁקָּנָה אוֹתוֹ דָּבָר בְּיֵאוּשׁ הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת וְאִם לָאו אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת:

[The following rules apply when] a person consecrates a woman [with property that] he robbed, stole or took against its owner's will. If the owner has despaired of the return of the article, and it is known that [the man] acquired it through the owner's despair, the consecration is effective. If not, it is not valid.

הַנִּכְנָס לְבֵית חֲבֵרוֹ וְלָקַח לוֹ כְּלִי אוֹ אֹכֶל וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן וְקִדֵּשׁ בּוֹ אִשָּׁה וּבָא בַּעַל הַבַּיִת אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ לָמָּה לֹא נָתַתָּ לָהּ דָּבָר זֶה שֶׁהוּא טוֹב מִמַּה שֶּׁנָּתַתָּ לָהּ אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. שֶׁלֹּא אָמַר לוֹ דָּבָר זֶה אֶלָּא כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא לְהִתְבַּיֵּשׁ עִמּוֹ. וְהוֹאִיל וְקִדֵּשׁ בְּמָמוֹן חֲבֵרוֹ שֶׁלֹּא מִדַּעַת חֲבֵרוֹ הֲרֵי זֶה גֵּזֶל וְאֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. וְאִם קִדְּשָׁהּ בְּדָבָר שֶׁאֵין בַּעַל הַבַּיִת מַקְפִּיד עָלָיו כְּגוֹן תְּמָרָה אוֹ אֱגוֹז הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת מִסָּפֵק:

When a person enters a colleague's home and takes an object, food or the like, and consecrates a woman, she is not consecrated. [This ruling applies] even when the owner comes and says, "Why did you not give her a more valuable article than the one you gave her?" He is making this statement only to prevent the person from being shamed [and it does not reflect his true intent]. Since the man consecrated [a woman] with property belonging to a colleague without the colleague's knowledge, this is robbery, and the woman is not consecrated. If [the man] consecrated [the woman] with an article that the owner would not object [to its being taken] - e.g., a date or a nut - the status of the kiddushin is in doubt.

הָיְתָה סְחוֹרָה בֵּינוֹ וּבֵין חֲבֵרוֹ וְחִלְּקָהּ שֶׁלֹּא מִדַּעַת חֲבֵרוֹ וְקִדֵּשׁ בְּחֶלְקוֹ הוֹאִיל וּצְרִיכָה שׁוּמַת בֵּית דִּין אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת שֶׁאֵין זֶה נוֹטֵל לְעַצְמוֹ מַה שֶּׁיִּרְצֶה וְיַנִּיחַ מַה שֶּׁיִּרְצֶה:

When a person owns merchandise in partnership with a colleague and divides the merchandise without his colleague's knowledge, using it to consecrate [a woman], the kiddushin are not valid. [The rationale is that for the division of a partnership's assets to be effective,] an evaluation by the court is necessary. One [partner] may not take what he wants as his own and leave [the remainder for his colleague].

גָּזַל אֶת הָאִשָּׁה אוֹ גָּנַב מִמֶּנָּה אוֹ חֲמָסָהּ וְחָזַר וְקִדְּשָׁהּ בַּגֵּזֶל וּבַגְּנֵבָה וּבֶחָמָס שֶׁלָּהּ וְאָמַר לָהּ הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת בּוֹ. אִם קָדַם בֵּינֵיהֶן שִׁדּוּכִין וְנָטְלָה וְשָׁתְקָה הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. וְאִם לֹא שִׁדֵּךְ אוֹתָהּ מֵעוֹלָם אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁשָּׁתְקָה כְּשֶׁנָּתַן לָהּ דְּבָרִים אֵלּוּ בְּתוֹרַת קִדּוּשִׁין אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. וְאִם אָמְרָה הֵן הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת:

[The following rules apply when] a person robbed or stole an article from a woman or took it without her consent, and afterwards consecrated her with the article that he took from her, saying: "Behold, you are consecrated to me with this." If the two were already engaged, and she took the article in silence, she is consecrated. If, however, there was never an engagement between them, she is not consecrated, even if she remained silent when he gave her [the stolen articles] as kiddushin. If, however, she explicitly agreed [to the kiddushin], she is consecrated.

וְכֵן אִם נָתַן לָהּ פִּקָּדוֹן וְאָמַר לָהּ כִּנְסִי פִּקָּדוֹן זֶה וְחָזַר וְאָמַר לָהּ הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי בּוֹ. אִם אָמַר לָהּ קֹדֶם שֶׁנְּטָלַתּוּ וּנְטָלַתּוּ וְשָׁתְקָה הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. וְאִם אַחַר שֶׁנְּטָלַתּוּ בְּתוֹרַת פִּקָּדוֹן אָמַר לָהּ הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת בּוֹ וְשָׁתְקָה אֵין זֶה כְּלוּם שֶׁכָּל שְׁתִיקָה שֶׁלְּאַחַר מַתַּן מָעוֹת אֵינָהּ מוֹעֶלֶת. אֲבָל אִם אָמְרָה הֵן אַחַר שֶׁנָּטְלָה הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת:

Similar [concepts apply when a man] entrusts an article to [a woman] for safekeeping and tells her: "Take care of this article," and afterwards tells her: "Behold, you are consecrated with it." If he told her this before she took [possession of] the article, and she took it in silence, she is consecrated. If, however, he made his second statement after she had accepted the article for the purpose of safekeeping, and she remained silent, [the kiddushin] are not valid. For whenever [a woman] remains silent after money has been given, [the kiddushin] are not valid. If, however, she explicitly agreed, she is consecrated, even though she made the statement after accepting the article.

הֶחֱזִיר לָהּ חוֹב שֶׁהָיָה לָהּ אֶצְלוֹ וְאָמַר לָהּ הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת בּוֹ קֹדֶם שֶׁתִּטְּלֶנּוּ וּנְטָלַתּוּ וְשָׁתְקָה. אִם הָיָה בֵּינֵיהֶן שִׁדּוּכִין הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. וְאִם לֹא שִׁדֵּךְ אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת עַד שֶׁתֹּאמַר הֵן. וְאִם אָמַר לָהּ אַחַר שֶׁנָּטְלָה הַחוֹב שֶׁלָּהּ הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת בּוֹ אֲפִלּוּ אָמְרָה הֵן אֵינָהּ מְ[קֻ]דֶּשֶׁת. שֶׁהֲרֵי לֹא הִגִּיעַ לְיָדָהּ מִמֶּנּוּ כְּלוּם אֶלָּא שֶׁלָּהּ נָטְלָה וּכְבָר נִפְרַע חוֹבוֹ מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁנָּטְלָה וְאֵינָהּ יְכוֹלָה לַחֲזֹר וּלְתָבְעוֹ בַּחוֹב פַּעַם אַחֶרֶת:

[The following rules apply when a man] pays a debt that he owed [a woman] and [upon paying it,] says: "You are consecrated with it." If the two were engaged, [the man made the statement] before she accepted the money, and she accepted it in silence, she is consecrated. If they were not engaged, she is not consecrated unless she explicitly agrees. If he states [his desire to consecrate her] after she accepted payment of the debt, she is not consecrated, even if she explicitly agrees. For nothing has been given her; she merely took what was rightfully hers. The debt he owed was repaid when she took the money, and she cannot demand repayment again.

הַמְקַדֵּשׁ בְּמִלְוֶה אֲפִלּוּ הָיְתָה בִּשְׁטָר אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. כֵּיצַד. כְּגוֹן שֶׁהָיָה לוֹ אֶצְלָהּ חוֹב דִּינָר וְאָמַר לָהּ הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי בַּדִּינָר שֶׁיֵּשׁ לִי בְּיָדֵךְ אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַמִּלְוֶה לְהוֹצָאָה נִתְּנָה וְאֵין כָּאן שׁוּם דָּבָר קַיָּם לֵהָנוֹת בּוֹ מֵעַתָּה שֶׁכְּבָר הוֹצִיאָה אוֹתוֹ דִּינָר וְעָבְרָה הֲנָאָתוֹ:

When [a man] consecrates [a woman] with a debt, even with [a debt that is recorded] in a promissory note, she is not consecrated. What is implied? [The woman] owed [the man] a dinar; if he tells her, "Behold, you are consecrated to me with the dinar that you owe me," she is not consecrated. [The rationale is that] a loan is given to be spent, and there is nothing that presently exists for her to derive benefit from [and to accept as kiddushin]. For she has [- or it is as if she has - ] already spent that dinar and has derived benefit from it already.

הָיָה לוֹ אֶצְלָהּ מִלְוֶה עַל הַמַּשְׁכּוֹן וְקִדְּשָׁהּ בְּאוֹתָהּ הַמִּלְוֶה וְהֶחֱזִיר לָהּ הַמַּשְׁכּוֹן הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת שֶׁהֲרֵי הִיא נֶהֱנֵית בַּמַּשְׁכּוֹן מֵעַתָּה וַהֲרֵי הִגִּיעַ הֲנָאָה לְיָדָהּ:

[A different rule applies when] he has given her a loan [and received] collateral for it. If he consecrates her with the loan and returns the collateral, she is consecrated. For she derives benefit from the collateral from that time onward, and thus, [as a result of the kiddushin,] she has derived benefit.

הַמְקַדֵּשׁ בַּהֲנָאַת מִלְוֶה הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. כֵּיצַד. כְּגוֹן שֶׁהִלְוָה אוֹתָהּ עַתָּה מָאתַיִם זוּז וְאָמַר לָהּ הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי בַּהֲנָאַת זְמַן שֶׁאַרְוִיחַ לָךְ בְּמִלְוֶה זוֹ שֶׁתִּהְיֶה בְּיָדֵךְ כָּךְ וְכָךְ יוֹם וְאֵינִי תּוֹבְעָהּ מִמֵּךְ עַד זְמַן פְּלוֹנִי הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. שֶׁהֲרֵי יֵשׁ לָהּ הֲנָאָה מֵעַתָּה לְהִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בְּמִלְוֶה זוֹ עַד סוֹף זְמַן שֶׁקָּבַע. וְאָסוּר לַעֲשׂוֹת כֵּן מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא כְּרִבִּית. וּפֵרְשׁוּ רַבּוֹתַי בַּהֲנָאַת מִלְוֶה דְּבָרִים שֶׁאֵין רָאוּי לְשָׁמְעָן:

When [a man] consecrates [a woman] with the benefit [derived from] a loan, the consecration is valid. What is implied? The consecration is binding if he lends her 200 zuz [at the time of the kiddushin] and tells her: "Behold, you are consecrated to me through the benefit [you receive] by my extending the length of this loan for you. It may be in your possession for so many days, and I will not demand payment until this date." For she is receiving benefit now [from the opportunity] to use the loan until the end of the time period fixed. It is forbidden to make [such a condition], because it is like taking interest. My teachers interpreted the expression "the benefit [derived from] a loan," in a way that is not worthy of mention.

אָמַר לָהּ הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי בִּפְרוּטָה זוֹ וּבַחוֹב שֶׁיֵּשׁ לִי אֶצְלֵךְ הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. וְכֵן אִם אָמַר לָהּ בַּמִּלְוֶה שֶׁיֵּשׁ לִי אֶצְלֵךְ וּבִפְרוּטָה זוֹ הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת:

If [the man] tells [the woman]: "Behold, you are consecrated to me with this p'rutah and with the debt that you owe me," she is consecrated. Similarly, if he tells her, "[Behold, you are consecrated...] with the debt that you owe me and with this p'rutah, the consecration is binding.

הָיָה לוֹ חוֹב בְּיַד אֲחֵרִים וְאָמַר לָהּ הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי בַּחוֹב שֶׁיֵּשׁ לִי בְּיַד זֶה בְּמַעֲמַד שְׁלָשְׁתָּן הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת:

When [a man] is owed a debt by a third party, and he tells [a woman] in the presence of the third party: "Behold, you are consecrated to me by virtue of the debt that I am owed by this person," the consecration is binding.

קִדְּשָׁהּ בְּפִקָּדוֹן שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ בְּיָדָהּ אוֹ בִּשְׁאֵלָה שֶׁהִשְׁאִילָהּ. אִם הָיָה הַפִּקָּדוֹן וְהַשְּׁאֵלָה פְּרוּטָה אוֹ שְׁוֵה פְּרוּטָה בְּאֶחָד מֵהֶן קַיָּם בִּרְשׁוּתָהּ הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת:

[The following rule applies when a man] consecrates [a woman] with an object that he has entrusted to her for safekeeping or with an article that he has lent her: If the entrusted object or borrowed article is worth a p'rutah and it exists within her property, she is consecrated.

אָמַר לָהּ הֲרֵי אֶת מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי בִּשְׂכַר שֶׁאֲדַבֵּר עָלַיִךְ לַשִּׁלְטוֹן וְדִבֵּר עָלֶיהָ לַשִּׁלְטוֹן וְהִנִּיחַ הַשִּׁלְטוֹן וְלֹא תְּבָעָהּ אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת אֶלָּא אִם נָתַן לָהּ פְּרוּטָה מִשֶּׁלּוֹ. שֶׁהַהֲנָאָה שֶׁבָּאָה לָהּ מִדְּבָרָיו הֲרֵי הִיא כְּמִלְוֶה וְהַמְקַדֵּשׁ בְּמִלְוֶה אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת:

[The following rule applies when a man] tells [a woman]: "Behold, you are consecrated to me in consideration of my speaking to the ruling authorities on your behalf." Although [the man] indeed spoke to the ruling authorities on her behalf - [and his words had an effect,] causing them to refrain from prosecuting her, she is not consecrated unless he gives her a p'rutah of his own. [The rationale is that] the benefit that she received from his speaking [on her behalf] is regarded as a loan, and when one consecrates [a woman] with a loan, the kiddushin are not binding.

הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי בִּמְלָאכָה זוֹ שֶׁאֶעֱשֶׂה עִמָּךְ וְעָשָׂה אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן נָתַן לָהּ פְּרוּטָה מִשֶּׁלּוֹ. לְפִי שֶׁהַשְּׂכִירוּת יִזְכֶּה בָּהּ הַפּוֹעֵל מִתְּחִלָּה וְעַד סוֹף כָּל זְמַן שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה מִקְצָת מִן הַמְּלָאכָה זוֹכֶה בְּמִקְצָת מִן הַשָּׂכָר וְנִמְצָא הַשָּׂכָר כֻּלּוֹ מִלְוֶה אֶצְלָהּ וְהַמְקַדֵּשׁ בְּמִלְוֶה אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת:

[The following rule applies when a man] tells [a woman]: "Behold, you are consecrated to me [in return] for the work that I will perform on your behalf." Although [the man] indeed performs [the work he promised], she is not consecrated unless he gives her a p'rutah of his own. [The rationale is that] a worker earns his wages [continuously] from [the time he] begins [working] until the end. As he performs a portion of the work, he earns an [equivalent] portion of his wages. Thus, [in the above situation, the man's] wages are considered to be a debt that she [owes him]. And when one consecrates [a woman] with a loan, the kiddushin are not binding.

הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁאָמְרָה תֵּן דִּינָר לִפְלוֹנִי מַתָּנָה וְאֶתְקַדֵּשׁ אֲנִי לְךָ וְנָתַן וְאָמַר לָהּ הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי בַּהֲנָאַת מַתָּנָה זוֹ שֶׁנָּתַתִּי עַל פִּיךְ הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא הִגִּיעַ לָהּ כְּלוּם הֲרֵי נֶהֱנֵית בִּרְצוֹנָהּ שֶׁנַּעֲשָׂה וְנֶהֱנָה פְּלוֹנִי בִּגְלָלָהּ. וְכֵן אִם אָמְרָה לוֹ תֵּן דִּינָר לִפְלוֹנִי מַתָּנָה וְאֶתְקַדֵּשׁ לוֹ וְנָתַן לוֹ וְקִדְּשָׁהּ אוֹתוֹ פְּלוֹנִי וְאָמַר לָהּ הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי בַּהֲנָאַת מַתָּנָה זוֹ שֶׁקִּבַּלְתִּי בִּרְצוֹנֵךְ הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת:

[The following rule applies when a woman] tells [a man]: "Give so and so a present, and I will be consecrated to you." If he tells her, "Behold, you are consecrated to me for the sake of the present I gave upon your request," the kiddushin are binding. Although she [personally] did not receive anything, she derived benefit from the fact that her will was carried out, and the other derived benefit because of her. Similarly, if she told him, "Give a dinar to so and so as a present, and I will be consecrated to him," the kiddushin are binding provided the person who receives the present tells [the woman]: "Behold, you are consecrated to me by virtue of the pleasure [you derived] from the present that I received at your request."

אָמַר לָהּ הֵילָךְ דִּינָר זֶה בְּמַתָּנָה וְהִתְקַדְּשִׁי לִפְלוֹנִי וְקִדְּשָׁהּ אוֹתוֹ פְּלוֹנִי וְאָמַר לָהּ הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי בַּהֲנָאָה זוֹ הַבָּאָה לִיךְ בִּגְלָלִי הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא נָתַן לָהּ הַמְקַדֵּשׁ כְּלוּם. אָמְרָה לוֹ הֵילָךְ דִּינָר זֶה מַתָּנָה וְאֶתְקַדֵּשׁ לְךָ וּלְקָחוֹ וְאָמַר לָהּ הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי בַּהֲנָאָה זוֹ שֶׁקִּבַּלְתִּי מִמֵּךְ מַתָּנָה אִם אָדָם חָשׁוּב הוּא הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת שֶׁהֲנָאָה יֵשׁ לָהּ בִּהְיוֹתוֹ נֶהֱנֶה מִמֶּנָּה וּבַהֲנָאָה זוֹ הִקְנַת עַצְמָהּ לוֹ:

[To cite a similar instance: A man] tells [a woman]: "Take this dinar as a present and become consecrated to so and so"; the kiddushin are binding provided that the other person tells her: "Behold, you are consecrated to me by virtue of the benefit you received on my behalf," despite the fact that he himself did not give her anything. [The following rule applies when a woman] tells [a man]: "Take this dinar as a present and I will become consecrated to you"; he receives the present and tells her "Behold, you are consecrated to me by virtue of the pleasure [you received] in my accepting a present from you." If he is an important person, she is consecrated. For she derives satisfaction from the fact that he has benefited from her, and for the sake of this satisfaction, she consecrates herself to him.

הָאוֹמֵר לְאִשָּׁה הִתְקַדְּשִׁי לִי בְּדִינָר וַהֲרֵי זֶה הַמַּשְׁכּוֹן בְּיָדֵךְ עַד שֶׁאֶתֵּן הַדִּינָר אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לוֹ. לְפִי שֶׁלֹּא הִגִּיעַ הַדִּינָר לְיָדָהּ וְלֹא הַמַּשְׁכּוֹן נָתַן לֶהֱיוֹתוֹ שֶׁלָּהּ. הָיָה בְּיָדוֹ מַשְׁכּוֹן עַל חוֹב שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ אֵצֶל אֲחֵרִים וְקִדֵּשׁ בּוֹ אִשָּׁה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ שֶׁלּוֹ הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. לְפִי שֶׁבַּעַל חוֹב יֵשׁ לוֹ מִקְצָת קִנְיָן בְּגוּפוֹ שֶׁל מַשְׁכּוֹן:

When [a man] tells a woman: "Become consecrated to me with a dinar. [Take this article] as security until I give you the dinar," she is not consecrated to him. For she did not receive the dinar, and the security was not given to her for it to be her own. If the man has in his possession security that he was given for a debt that a third party owes him, and he gives a woman the security as kiddushin, the consecration is binding although [the security] does not belong to him. For a creditor has certain rights with regard to the ownership of security.

הָאוֹמֵר לְאִשָּׁה הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי בְּדִינָר זֶה עַל מְנָת שֶׁתַּחֲזִירִיהוּ לִי אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת בֵּין הֶחֱזִירָה בֵּין לֹא הֶחֱזִירָה. שֶׁאִם לֹא הֶחֱזִירַתּוּ לֹא נִתְקַיֵּם הַתְּנַאי. וְאִם הֶחֱזִירַתּוּ הֲרֵי לֹא נֶהֱנֵית וְלֹא הִגִּיעַ לְיָדָהּ כְּלוּם:

When [a man] tells a woman: "Behold, you are consecrated to me with this dinar on condition that you return it to me," she is not consecrated, regardless of whether or not she returns it. For if she does not return it, his condition will not be met. And if she returns it, she will not have derived any benefit, for she will not have received anything.

נָתַן לָהּ אֲגֻדָּה שֶׁל הֲדַס וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהּ וְאָמַר לָהּ הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי בְּזוֹ וְקִבְּלָה אוֹתוֹ. וְאָמְרוּ לוֹ וַהֲלֹא אֵין בָּהּ שְׁוֵה פְּרוּטָה וְאָמַר תִּתְקַדֵּשׁ בְּאַרְבָּעָה זוּזִים הַמֻּחְבָּאִים בְּתוֹךְ הָאֲגֻדָּה. אִם אָמְרָה הֵן הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. וְאִם שָׁתְקָה אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת בְּמָעוֹת אֵלּוּ שֶׁהַשְּׁתִיקָה שֶׁלְּאַחַר מַתַּן מָעוֹת אֵינָהּ מוֹעֶלֶת כְּלוּם וְתִהְיֶה מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת בְּסָפֵק מִפְּנֵי הָאֲגֻדָּה שֶׁמָּא שְׁוֵה פְּרוּטָה בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר:

[These rulings were issued with regard to the following instances:] [A man] gave [a woman] a wreath of myrtle or the like and told her: "Behold, you are consecrated to me with this." She accepted it, but [protested,] saying: "But it is not worth a p'rutah." He responded, "Become consecrated with the four zuz that are hidden in the wreath." If she said yes, she is consecrated. If she remained silent, she is not consecrated with this money, for remaining silent after money has been given is of no consequence. There is nonetheless a doubt: perhaps the kiddushin are valid, lest the wreath be worth a p'rutah in another place.

הָאוֹמֵר לְאִשָּׁה הִתְקַדְּשִׁי לִי בִּתְמָרָה זוֹ הִתְקַדְּשִׁי לִי בְּזוֹ הִתְקַדְּשִׁי לִי בְּזוֹ אִם יֵשׁ בְּאַחַת מֵהֶן שְׁוֵה פְּרוּטָה הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת וְאִם לָאו אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת אֶלָּא מִסָּפֵק שֶׁמָּא תִּשְׁוֶה תְּמָרָה אַחַת פְּרוּטָה בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר:

[The following rules apply when a man] tells a woman: "Become consecrated to me with this date. Become consecrated to me with this one. Become consecrated to me with this one." If one of them is worth a p'rutah, she is consecrated. If not, the kiddushin are merely of doubtful status, [their viability stemming only from] the possibility that one of the dates would be considered to be worth a p'rutah in another place.

אָמַר לָהּ הִתְקַדְּשִׁי לִי בְּזוֹ וּבְזוֹ וּבְזוֹ אִם יֵשׁ בְּכֻלָּם שְׁוֵה פְּרוּטָה מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת וְאִם לָאו אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת אֶלָּא מִסָּפֵק. הָיְתָה אוֹכֶלֶת רִאשׁוֹנָה רִאשׁוֹנָה אִם יֵשׁ בָּאַחֲרוֹנָה שְׁוֵה פְּרוּטָה מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת וְאִם לָאו אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת אֶלָּא מִסָּפֵק. שֶׁאוֹתָן תְּמָרִים שֶׁאָכְלָה הֲרֵי הֵן כְּמִלְוֶה וְהַמְקַדֵּשׁ בְּמִלְוֶה אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת וְנִמְצָא שֶׁאֵין הַקִּדּוּשִׁין אֶלָּא בִּתְמָרָה אַחֲרוֹנָה:

[Different rules apply if] he told her: "Become consecrated to me with this one, with this one and with this one." If together, they are all worth a p'rutah, she is consecrated. If not, the status of the kiddushin is doubtful. [Different rules apply if] she eats [the dates] one after another as he gives them to her: If the last date is worth a p'rutah, she is consecrated. If not, the status of the kiddushin is doubtful. For the dates that she ate are considered to be a loan, and when [a man] consecrates [a woman] with a loan, the kiddushin are not valid. Thus, the status of the kiddushin [depends] solely on [the worth of] the final date.

אָמַר לָהּ הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי בְּאֵלּוּ אִם יֵשׁ בְּכֻלָּן שְׁוֵה פְּרוּטָה מְ[קֻ]דֶּשֶׁת אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִיא אוֹכֶלֶת רִאשׁוֹנָה רִאשׁוֹנָה שֶׁלָּהּ הִיא אוֹכֶלֶת וּמְ[קֻ]דֶּשֶׁת:

If he tells her: "Behold, you are consecrated with these," the kiddushin are binding if all the dates together are worth a p'rutah. [This applies] even when she eats [the dates] one after another as he gives them to her. She is consecrated, for she is eating her own property.

הָאוֹמֵר לְאִשָּׁה הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי בְּכוֹס זֶה אִם הָיָה מָלֵא מַיִם הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת בּוֹ וּבְמַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכוֹ. וְאִם הָיָה מָלֵא יַיִן הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת בּוֹ וְלֹא בְּמַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכוֹ. וְאִם הָיָה מָלֵא שֶׁמֶן הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת בְּמַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכוֹ וְלֹא בּוֹ. לְפִיכָךְ אִם לֹא הָיָה בַּשֶּׁמֶן שְׁוֵה פְּרוּטָה הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת בְּסָפֵק. וְאִם הָיָה בַּשֶּׁמֶן שְׁוֵה פְּרוּטָה הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת וַדַּאי וְאֵין מַשְׁגִּיחִין עַל הַכּוֹס:

[The following rules apply when a man] tells a woman: "Behold, you are consecrated to me with this cup." If it is filled with water, the consecration [depends on the combined value of] the cup itself and its contents. If it is filled with wine, the consecration [depends on the value of] the cup itself, but not its contents. If it is filled with oil, the consecration [depends on the value of] the contents, but not of the cup itself. Therefore, if the oil was not worth a p'rutah, the status of the kiddushin is doubtful. If the oil is worth a p'rutah, she is definitely consecrated; no attention is paid to [the value of] the cup.