Marriage Chapter 7

הָאוֹמֵר לְאִשָּׁה הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי עַל מְנָת שֶׁיִּרְצֶה אָבִי. רָצָה הָאָב מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. לֹא רָצָה אוֹ שֶׁשָּׁתַק אוֹ שֶׁמֵּת קֹדֶם שֶׁיִּשְׁמַע הַדָּבָר אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. עַל מְנָת שֶׁלֹּא יִמְחֶה אָבִי. שָׁמַע וּמִחָה אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. לֹא מִחָה אוֹ שֶׁמֵּת הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. מֵת הַבֵּן וְאַחַר כָּךְ שָׁמַע הָאָב מְלַמְּדִין הָאָב שֶׁיֹּאמַר אֵינִי רוֹצֶה כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יְהוּ קִדּוּשִׁין וְלֹא תִּפּל לִפְנֵי יָבָם:

[The following rules apply when a man] tells a woman: "Behold, you are consecrated to me on condition that my father will consent." If his father consents, she is consecrated. If he does not consent, if he remained silent, or if he died before he heard of the matter, she is not consecrated. [If the man tells her: "Behold, you are consecrated to me] on condition that my father does not object." If he hears and objects, she is not consecrated. If he does not object or he dies, she is consecrated. If the son dies, and the father hears afterwards, we instruct the father to say: "I do not consent," so the kiddushin will not be effective, and the woman will not be obligated to undergo the rites of yibbum.

הָאוֹמֵר לְאִשָּׁה הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי בָּזֶה עַל מְנָת שֶׁיֵּשׁ לִי מָאתַיִם זוּז אוֹ בֵּית כּוֹר עָפָר אִם יֵשׁ שָׁם עֵדִים שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. וְאִם אֵין לוֹ הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת מִסָּפֵק שֶׁמָּא יֵשׁ לוֹ וְהוּא אוֹמֵר אֵין לִי כְּדֵי לְקַלְקְלָהּ:

[The following rules apply when a man] tells a woman: "Behold, you are consecrated to me with this [item] on condition that I possess 200 zuz or land on which it is fit to grow a kor of grain." If there are witnesses who say that he possesses these entities, the kiddushin are binding. If there are no witnesses, [the kiddushin are not nullified entirely; instead,] their status is doubtful. Perhaps he possesses these entities and says he does not own them in order to cause the woman difficulties.

הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי בָּזֶה עַל מְנָת שֶׁיֵּשׁ לִי מָאתַיִם זוּז אוֹ בֵּית כּוֹר עָפָר בְּמָקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי. אִם יֵשׁ לוֹ בְּאוֹתוֹ מָקוֹם הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. וְאִם אֵין לוֹ בְּאוֹתוֹ מָקוֹם שֶׁאָמַר הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת מִסָּפֵק שֶׁמָּא יֵשׁ לוֹ שָׁם וְהוּא מִתְכַּוֵּן לְקַלְקְלָהּ:

[The following rules apply when he tells her:] "Behold, you are consecrated to me with this [item] on condition that I possess 200 zuz or land on which it is fit to grow a kor of grain in a particular place." If he possesses these entities in that place, the kiddushin are binding. If he does not possess these entities in the place he specified, [the kiddushin are not nullified entirely; instead,] their status is doubtful. Perhaps he possesses these entities in that place [and says he does not own them] in order to cause the woman difficulties.

הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי בָּזֶה עַל מְנָת שֶׁאַרְאֵךְ מָאתַיִם זוּז אוֹ בֵּית כּוֹר עָפָר הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת וְיַרְאֶנָּהּ. הֶרְאָה הַזּוּזִים בְּיַד אֲחֵרִים אוֹ שֶׁהֶרְאָה בֵּית כּוֹר עָפָר בִּשְׂדֵה אֲחֵרִים אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת עַד שֶׁיַּרְאֶנָּהּ מִשֶּׁלּוֹ. לָקַח הַמָּעוֹת בְּהַלְוָאָה אוֹ בְּשֻׁתָּפוּת אוֹ שֶׁשָּׂכַר הַשָּׂדֶה אוֹ לְקָחָהּ בַּאֲרִיסוּת וְהֶרְאָהּ אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת עַד שֶׁיַּרְאֶנָּהּ מִשֶּׁלּוֹ. שֶׁמַּשְׁמָע שֶׁאַרְאֵךְ שֶׁאַרְאֵךְ מִשֶּׁל עַצְמִי דָּבָר זֶה שֶׁאָמַרְתִּי לָךְ:

[The following rules apply when he tells her:] "Behold, you are consecrated to me with this [item] on condition that I show you 200 zuz or land on which it is fit to grow a kor of grain." When he shows her these entities, she is consecrated. If he shows her money that is possessed by someone else or land on which it is fit to grow a kor of grain in a field belonging to someone else, she is not consecrated; he [must] show her what belongs to him. If he borrowed the money, rented a field or took it on a sharecropping arrangement and showed it to her, she is not consecrated; he [must] show her what belongs to him. For when he says "I will show you," that implies that "I will show you the entity I mentioned that belongs to me and is in my possession."

הָיָה לוֹ בֵּית כּוֹר עָפָר וְהָיָה בּוֹ נְקָעִים עֲמֻקִּים עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים אוֹ סְלָעִים גְּבוֹהִים עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים. אִם הָיוּ הַנְּקָעִים מְלֵאִים מַיִם הֲרֵי הֵן כִּסְלָעִים וְאֵין נִמְדָּדִין עִמּוֹ מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵינָן רְאוּיִין לִזְרִיעָה. וְאִם אֵינָן מְלֵאִין מַיִם נִמְדָּדִין עִמּוֹ מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן רְאוּיִין לִזְרִיעָה:

[The following rules apply when] the man owns land on which it is fit to grow a kor of grain, but it contains clefts ten handbreadths deep or rocks ten handbreadths high. If the clefts are filled with water, they are considered to be rocks and are not included in the total measure, because they are not fit to be sown. If they are not filled with water, they are included in the total measure, because they are fit to be sown.

הָאוֹמֵר לְאִשָּׁה הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי בָּזֶה עַל מְנָת שֶׁאֵין עָלַיִךְ נְדָרִים וְנִמְצָא עָלֶיהָ אֶחָד מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה נְדָרִים אֵלּוּ שֶׁלֹּא תֹּאכַל בָּשָׂר אוֹ שֶׁלֹּא תִּשְׁתֶּה יַיִן אוֹ שֶׁלֹּא תִּתְקַשֵּׁט בְּמִינֵי צִבְעוֹנִין אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. נִמְצָא עָלֶיהָ נֶדֶר חוּץ מֵאֵלּוּ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא אוֹמֵר מַקְפִּיד אֲנִי אֲפִלּוּ עַל זֶה הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. וְאִם אָמַר לָהּ עַל מְנָת שֶׁאֵין עָלַיִךְ כָּל נֶדֶר אֲפִלּוּ נִמְצֵאת שֶׁנָּדְרָה שֶׁלֹּא תֹּאכַל חָרוּבִין אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת:

[The following rules apply when a man] tells a woman: "Behold, you are consecrated to me with this [item] on condition that you are not bound by vows." The kiddushin are not binding if she is bound by any of the following three vows: that she may not eat meat, that she may not drink wine, or that she may not wear colored ornaments. If she is bound by any vow other than these, she is consecrated, even when [the husband] states: "I object even with regard to these." If he told her, "[Behold, you are consecrated...] on condition that you are not bound by any vow," even if she has made a vow [as insignificant as] not to eat carobs, she is not consecrated.

הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי בָּזֶה עַל מְנָת שֶׁאֵין בָּךְ מוּמִין וְנִמְצָא בָּהּ אֶחָד מִן הַמּוּמִין הַפּוֹסְלִין בַּנָּשִׁים אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. נִמְצָא בָּהּ מוּם אַחֵר חוּץ מֵאוֹתָן הַמּוּמִין אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאָמַר מַקְפִּיד אֲנִי אֲפִלּוּ עַל זֶה הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. וּמַה הֵן הַמּוּמִין הַפּוֹסְלִין בְּנָשִׁים. כָּל הַמּוּמִין הַפּוֹסְלִין בְּכֹהֲנִים פּוֹסְלִין בְּנָשִׁים. וּבְהִלְכוֹת בִּיאַת מִקְדָּשׁ יִתְבָּאֲרוּ כָּל מוּמִין שֶׁל כֹּהֲנִים. וְיוֹתֵר עֲלֵיהֶן בַּנָּשִׁים. רֵיחַ רַע. וְזֵעָה. וְרֵיחַ הַפֶּה. וְקוֹל עָבֶה. וְדָדִין גַּסִּין מֵחַבְרוֹתֶיהָ טֶפַח. וְטֶפַח בֵּין דָּד לְדָד. וּנְשִׁיכַת כֶּלֶב וְנַעֲשָׂה הַמָּקוֹם צַלֶּקֶת. וְשׁוּמָא שֶׁעַל הַפַּדַּחַת. אֲפִלּוּ הָיְתָה קְטַנָּה בְּיוֹתֵר וַאֲפִלּוּ קְרוֹבָה לְשֵׂעָר רֹאשָׁהּ וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין בָּהּ שֵׂעָר. וְזוֹ הִיא הַשּׁוּמָא שֶׁיְּתֵרָה אִשָּׁה עַל הַכֹּהֲנִים. אֲבָל אִם הָיְתָה שׁוּמָא שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ שֵׂעָר בִּשְׁאָר הַפָּנִים אוֹ שׁוּמָא גְּדוֹלָה כְּאִיסָר אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין בָּהּ שֵׂעָר הֲרֵי זֶה מוּם בֵּין בְּכֹהֲנִים בֵּין בְּנָשִׁים:

[The following rules apply when a man tells a woman:] "Behold, you are consecrated to me with this [item] on condition that you do not have any physical blemishes." If she has one of the physical blemishes that cause a woman to be deemed unfit [as a wife], she is not consecrated. If she has a physical blemish other than these, she is consecrated, even though he states, "I object even with regard to these." What are the physical blemishes that cause a woman to be deemed unfit [as a wife]: All the physical blemishes that cause a priest to be deemed unfit [for service in the Temple] cause a woman to be deemed unfit. In Hilchot Bi'at HaMikdash, all the blemishes affecting the priests are explained. In addition, [there are other blemishes that cause] women [to be deemed unfit]. They include: foul body odor, [excessive] sweating, foul breath, deep voice, breasts of abnormal size, being more than a handbreadth larger than those of other women, a distance of more than a handbreadth between one breast and the other, a scar in the place where she was bit by a dog, and a birthmark on her forehead. This includes even a birthmark that is very small, even if it is close to her hairline, and even if there are no hairs growing from it. This is the birthmark that is mentioned as a disqualifying factor for a woman and not for a priest. If, however, a birthmark has facial hair growing from it, or if it is as large as an isar even when no hair grows from it, it is a disqualifying blemish, both for priests and for women.

הַמְקַדֵּשׁ אִשָּׁה סְתָם וְנִמְצָא עָלֶיהָ אֶחָד מִן הַמּוּמִין הַפּוֹסְלִין בַּנָּשִׁים אוֹ נִמְצָא עָלֶיהָ אֶחָד מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה נְדָרִים הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת מִסָּפֵק. קִדְּשָׁהּ עַל מְנָת שֶׁאֵין עָלֶיהָ נְדָרִים וְהָיוּ עָלֶיהָ נְדָרִים וְהָלְכָה אֵצֶל חָכָם וְהִתִּיר לָהּ הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת:

When a man consecrates a woman without making any specific stipulations, and it is discovered that she has one of the physical blemishes that cause a woman to be deemed unfit, or [it is discovered that] she is bound by one of the three vows mentioned above, the status of the kiddushin is in doubt. If [a man] consecrates [a woman] on condition that she is not bound by vows, and she was bound by vows, but [afterwards,] she went to a wise man who nullified them for her, she is consecrated.

קִדְּשָׁהּ עַל מְנָת שֶׁאֵין בָּהּ מוּמִין וְהָיוּ בָּהּ מוּמִין וְהָלְכָה אֵצֶל רוֹפֵא וְרִפֵּא אוֹתָהּ אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. אֲבָל אִם הִתְנָה הָאִישׁ שֶׁאֵין עָלָיו נְדָרִים וְשֶׁאֵין בּוֹ מוּמִין וְהָיוּ עָלָיו נְדָרִים וְהָיוּ בּוֹ מוּמִין וְהָלַךְ אֵצֶל חָכָם וְהִתִּירוֹ, אֵצֶל רוֹפֵא וְרִפְּאוֹ, הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. שֶׁאֵין גְּנַאי לָאִישׁ בַּמּוּמִין שֶׁכְּבָר נִרְפְּאוּ וְהָאִשָּׁה אֵינָהּ מַקְפֶּדֶת עַל זֹאת:

If [a man] consecrates [a woman] on condition that she does not have physical blemishes, and she does have blemishes, she is not consecrated, even if [afterwards,] she goes to a physician who heals these blemishes. When, by contrast, a man enters into a marriage contract on condition that he is not bound by any vows, and that he does not have any physical blemishes, although he is indeed bound by vows and has physical blemishes, if he goes to a wise man who nullifies the vows, and if he goes to a physician who heals the blemishes, the marriage is valid. [The rationale is that] there is no shame for a man to have had physical blemishes once they have been healed. A woman will not object because of such a thing.

הָאוֹמֵר לְאִשָּׁה הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי בָּזֶה עַל מְנָת שֶׁאֶתֵּן לִיךְ מָאתַיִם זוּז מִיכַּן וְעַד שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם. אִם נָתַן לָהּ בְּתוֹךְ שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת וְאִם עָבְרוּ שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם וְלֹא נָתַן לָהּ אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי בְּזוּזִים אֵלּוּ לְאַחַר שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנִּתְאַכְּלוּ הַמָּעוֹת בְּתוֹךְ שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לְאַחַר שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם. וְאִם חָזַר בּוֹ בְּתוֹךְ הַשְּׁלֹשִׁים אוֹ חָזְרָה הִיא אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת:

[The following rules apply when a man tells a woman:] "Behold, you are consecrated to me with this [item] on condition that I give you 200 zuz within 30 days." If he gives her [the money] within 30 days, she is consecrated. If 30 days pass without him giving it to her, she is not consecrated. [If a man tells a woman,] "Behold, you are consecrated to me with these zuz after 30 days," she is consecrated after 30 days, even though she used the money within the 30 days. If either he or she change their minds [and decide to nullify the marriage] within these 30 days, she is not consecrated.

בָּא שֵׁנִי וְקִדְּשָׁהּ בְּתוֹךְ שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לַשֵּׁנִי לְעוֹלָם. לְפִי שֶׁבְּשָׁעָה שֶׁקִּדְּשָׁהּ הַשֵּׁנִי לֹא הָיְתָה מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת וְתָפְסוּ בָּהּ קִדּוּשֵׁי שֵׁנִי וְנַעֲשֵׂת אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ וּלְאַחַר הַשְּׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם כְּשֶׁיָּבוֹאוּ קִדּוּשֵׁי רִאשׁוֹן יִמְצְאוּ אוֹתָהּ אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ וְנִמְצָא הָרִאשׁוֹן כְּמִי שֶׁקִּדֵּשׁ אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ שֶׁאֵין הַקִּדּוּשִׁין תּוֹפְסִין בָּהּ:

If another man comes and consecrates her within these 30 days, she is consecrated to the second man forever. [The rationale is] that at the time the second man consecrated her, she was not consecrated. Therefore, the second man's kiddushin are binding and make her a married woman. Thus, after the 30 days pass and the first man's kiddushin are fit to take effect, she is already a married woman. It is thus as if the first man consecrated a married woman, in which case the kiddushin are not binding.

הָאוֹמֵר לְאִשָּׁה הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי מֵעַכְשָׁו וּלְאַחַר שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם בְּדִינָר זֶה וּבָא אַחֵר וְקִדְּשָׁהּ בְּתוֹךְ הַשְּׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת מִסָּפֵק לִשְׁנֵיהֶם. לְפִיכָךְ שְׁנֵיהֶם נוֹתְנִין גֵּט בֵּין בְּתוֹךְ הַשְּׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם בֵּין לְאַחַר הַשְּׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם. הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי מֵעַכְשָׁו וּלְאַחַר שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם. וּבָא אַחֵר וְאָמַר הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי מֵעַכְשָׁו וּלְאַחַר עֶשְׂרִים יוֹם. וּבָא אַחֵר וְאָמַר הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי מֵעַכְשָׁו וּלְאַחַר עֲשָׂרָה יָמִים. אֲפִלּוּ הֵן מֵאָה עַל הַסֵּדֶר הַזֶּה קִדּוּשֵׁי כֻּלָּן תּוֹפְסִין בָּהּ וּצְרִיכָה גֵּט מִכָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא סָפֵק מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לְכֻלָּן:

[The following rules apply when a man] tells a woman: "Behold, you are consecrated to me with this dinar from this time onward, and after 30 days," and another person consecrates her within the 30 days. [There is doubt regarding the matter, and] both [men] are considered as having established kiddushin that may possibly be binding. Therefore, both are required to divorce her. The divorce may be given within the [original] 30 days or afterwards. [Should one man tell a woman,] "Behold, you are consecrated to me from this time onward, and after 30 days"; and another man comes and tells her, "Behold, you are consecrated to me from this time onward, and after 20 days," and another man comes and tells her, "Behold, you are consecrated to me from this time onward, and after 10 days," [there is doubt regarding the matter, and] all [the men] are considered as having established kiddushin [that may possibly] be binding, and every one must divorce her. [Indeed, these rules apply] even when a hundred men consecrate her in this manner.

הָאוֹמֵר לְאִשָּׁה הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי חוּץ מִפְּלוֹנִי כְּלוֹמַר שֶׁלֹּא תֵּאָסֵר עָלָיו אֶלָּא תִּהְיֶה אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ עַל כָּל הָעוֹלָם וְלִפְלוֹנִי כִּפְנוּיָה הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת מִסָּפֵק. אֲבָל אִם אָמַר לָהּ הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי עַל מְנָת שֶׁתִּהְיִי מֻתֶּרֶת לִפְלוֹנִי הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת וְתִהְיֶה אֲסוּרָה עָלָיו כִּשְׁאָר הָעָם מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִתְנָה בְּדָבָר שֶׁאִי אֶפְשָׁר לְקַיְּמוֹ:

When [a man] tells a woman, "Behold, you are consecrated to me [and these kiddushin apply to everyone] with the exception of so and so" - i.e., that she should not be forbidden to have relations with him - with regard to everyone else she should be considered a married woman, but with regard to him she should be considered to be single - there is doubt regarding the status of the kiddushin. If, however, he tells her, "Behold, you are consecrated to me on condition that you are permitted to so and so," she is consecrated, and she is forbidden to that person as she is forbidden to all others. [The rationale is that] he has made a condition that is impossible to fulfill.

הַנּוֹתֵן שְׁתֵּי פְּרוּטוֹת לְאִשָּׁה וְאָמַר לָהּ הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי הַיּוֹם בְּאַחַת וּבְאַחַת לְאַחַר שֶׁאֲגָרְשֵׁךְ הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. וּכְשֶׁיְּגָרֵשׁ אוֹתָהּ תִּהְיֶה מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת עַד שֶׁיְּגָרֵשׁ אוֹתָהּ פַּעַם שְׁנִיָּה מִן קִדּוּשֵׁי פְּרוּטָה שְׁנִיָּה. אֲבָל אִם אָמַר לְאִשָּׁה הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי בָּזֶה לְאַחַר שֶׁאֶתְגַיֵּר. לְאַחַר שֶׁתִּתְגַיְּרִי. לְאַחַר שֶׁאֶשְׁתַּחְרֵר. לְאַחַר שֶׁתִּשְׁתַּחְרְרִי. לְאַחַר שֶׁיָּמוּת בַּעְלֵךְ. לְאַחַר שֶׁתָּמוּת אֲחוֹתֵךְ. אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לְפִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל עַתָּה לְקַדְּשָׁהּ:

When [a man] gives two p'rutot to a woman and tells her: "Behold, you are consecrated to me with one today, and with the other after I divorce you," she is consecrated. When he divorces her, she becomes consecrated to him again until he divorces her a second time, because of the kiddushin established by the second p'rutah. If, however, [a man] tells a woman: "Behold, you are consecrated to me with this [item] after I convert," "...after you convert," "...after I become freed [from servitude]," "...after you become freed [from servitude]," "...after your husband dies," or "...after your sister dies," she is not consecrated. [The rationale is] that he cannot consecrate her now.

הָאוֹמֵר לִיבָמָה הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי בָּזֶה לְאַחַר שֶׁיַּחֲלֹץ לִיךְ יְבָמִיךְ הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת הוֹאִיל וְאִלּוּ קִדְּשָׁהּ עַתָּה הָיוּ קִדּוּשִׁין תּוֹפְסִין בָּהּ מִסָּפֵק:

When [a man] tells a yevamah: "Behold, you are consecrated to me with this [item] after your yavam performs chalitzah for you," she is consecrated. [The rationale is] that even if he consecrated her at present, the kiddushin would be [at least] of a doubtful status.

הָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ אִם יָלְדָה אִשְׁתְּךָ נְקֵבָה הֲרֵי הִיא מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי בָּזֶה לֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם. וְאִם הָיְתָה אֵשֶׁת חֲבֵרוֹ מְעֻבֶּרֶת וְהֻכַּר הָעֵבָּר הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. וְיֵרָאֶה לִי שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לַחֲזֹר וּלְקַדֵּשׁ אוֹתָהּ אַחַר שֶׁתֵּלֵד עַל יְדֵי אָבִיהָ כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּכְנִיס אוֹתָהּ בְּקִדּוּשִׁין שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶן דֹּפִי:

When a man tells a friend, "If your wife gives birth to a girl, [the girl] is consecrated to me with this [item]," his statements are of no consequence. If the friend's wife is pregnant, and the existence of a fetus has been recognized, [the girl] is consecrated. [Nevertheless,] it appears to me that [the man] must consecrate [his bride] again via her father after she is born, so that she will enter a marriage bond about which there are no questions.

הָאוֹמֵר לְאִשָּׁה הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי בְּמֵאָה דִּינָרִין וְנָתַן לָהּ אֲפִלּוּ דִּינָר אֶחָד הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת מִשֶּׁלָּקְחָה הַדִּינָר וְהוּא שֶׁיַּשְׁלִים לָהּ הַשְּׁאָר. שֶׁזֶּה כְּמִי שֶׁאָמַר הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי בְּדִינָר זֶה עַל מְנָת שֶׁאַשְׁלִים לִיךְ מֵאָה דִּינָרִים שֶׁהִיא מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לוֹ מֵעַכְשָׁו. בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים כְּשֶׁאָמַר לָהּ בְּמֵאָה דִּינָרִים סְתָם אֲבָל אִם פֵּרֵשׁ וְאָמַר לָהּ הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי בְּמֵאָה דִּינָרִין אֵלּוּ וְהִתְחִיל לִמְנוֹת לְתוֹךְ יָדָהּ אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת עַד שֶׁיַּשְׁלִים [לָהּ מֵאָה] וַאֲפִלּוּ בַּדִּינָר הָאַחֲרוֹן שְׁנֵיהֶם יְכוֹלִים לַחֲזֹר זֶה בָּזֶה. וְכֵן אִם נִמְצָא מָנֶה חָסֵר דִּינָר אוֹ נִמְצָא מֵהֶן דִּינָר נְחשֶׁת אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. נִמְצָא בָּהֶם דִּינָר רַע אִם יְכוֹלָה לְהוֹצִיאוֹ עַל יְדֵי הַדְּחָק יַחֲלִיפֶנּוּ וְאִם לָאו אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת:

When [a man] tells a woman: "Behold, you are consecrated to me with 100 dinarim," and gives her at least one dinar, she is consecrated, provided he gives her the entire sum. It is as if he told her, "Behold, you are consecrated to me with this dinar on condition that I give you 100 dinarim." [In such an instance,] the kiddushin take effect from [the time he gave her the first dinar]. When does the above apply? When he told her "with 100 dinarim" without specifying [any particular dinarim]. If, however, he is more explicit and tells her, "Behold, you are consecrated to me with these 100 dinarim," and begins counting them out into her hand, she is not consecrated until he gives her [all 100]. Either of them may retract their consent until the very last dinar is given. Similarly, if one of the dinarim was found lacking the standard weight, or one was a dinar of brass, she is not consecrated. [The following rules apply when] one of the dinarim was inferior: If it would be accepted with difficulty, [the kiddushin are valid, provided] he exchanges it. If it would not [be accepted], the kiddushin are of no consequence.

אָמַר לָהּ הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת לִי בִּבְגָדִים אֵלּוּ שֶׁהֵן שָׁוִין חֲמִשִּׁים דִּינָרִים וְהָיוּ שֶׁל מֶשִׁי וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן שֶׁהָאִשָּׁה מִתְאַוָּה לָהֶן אִם הָיוּ שָׁוִין חֲמִשִּׁים הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת מִשְּׁעַת לְקִיחָה. וְאֵינָן צְרִיכִין שׁוּמָא בַּשּׁוּק וְאַחַר כָּךְ תִּהְיֶה מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת כְּדֵי שֶׁתִּסְמֹךְ דַּעְתָּהּ אֶלָּא הוֹאִיל וְהֵן שָׁוִין כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמַר לָהּ הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת מִשָּׁעָה רִאשׁוֹנָה. וְאִם אֵינָן שָׁוִין אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת:

[The following rules apply when a man] tells [a woman]: "Behold, you are consecrated to me with these clothes that are worth 50 dinarim." When they are silk or of similar fabrics that a woman would desire, and they are worth 50 [dinarim], the woman is consecrated from the time she took them onward. There is no need that they be evaluated in the market, and only afterwards, when the woman is assured [of their value], will she be consecrated. Instead, since they are worth the amount he states, she is consecrated from the time of the initial [exchange]. If they are not worth [that amount], she is not consecrated.

אִישׁ וְאִשָּׁה שֶׁהָיוּ עֲסוּקִין בְּדִבְרֵי אֵרוּסִין הוּא אוֹמֵר בְּמֵאָה דִּינָרִים אֲקַדֵּשׁ אוֹתָךְ וְהִיא אוֹמֶרֶת אֵינִי מִתְקַדֶּשֶׁת לְךָ אֶלָּא בְּמָאתַיִם וְהָלַךְ זֶה לְבֵיתוֹ וְזוֹ לְבֵיתָהּ וְאַחַר כָּךְ תָּבְעוּ זֶה אֶת זֶה וְקִדְּשׁוּ סְתָם. אִם הָאִישׁ תָּבַע אֶת הָאִשָּׁה יַעֲשׂוּ דִּבְרֵי הָאִשָּׁה וְאִם הָאִשָּׁה תָּבְעָה אֶת הָאִישׁ יַעֲשׂוּ דִּבְרֵי הָאִישׁ:

A man and a woman were discussing the subject of their consecration, he saying: "I will consecrate you with 100 dinarim," and she saying: "I will not be consecrated for less than 200 [dinarim]." [Since they did not agree,] they both went home. [The following rules apply when] afterwards, [either the man or the woman requested the other [to reconsider], and the man consecrated her without specifying a sum. If the man made the request of the woman, the sum [originally] quoted by the woman is accepted. If the woman made the request of the man, the sum [originally] quoted by the man is accepted.

הָעוֹשֶׂה שָׁלִיחַ לְקַדֵּשׁ לוֹ אִשָּׁה וְהָלַךְ הַשָּׁלִיחַ וְקִדְּשָׁהּ עַל תְּנַאי אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. וְכֵן אִם אָמַר לוֹ לְקַדְּשָׁהּ עַל תְּנַאי וְהָלַךְ וְקִדְּשָׁהּ סְתָם אוֹ עַל תְּנַאי אַחֵר אוֹ שֶׁשִּׁנָּה אֶת הַתְּנַאי אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת:

When a man appoints an agent to consecrate a woman, and the agent consecrates her on the basis of a conditional agreement, the kiddushin are not valid. Similarly, if [the principal] instructed the agent to consecrate the woman on the basis of a conditional agreement, and he consecrated her without making any stipulation whatsoever, or made another stipulation or changed the stipulation stated by the principal, the kiddushin are not valid.

אָמַר לוֹ קַדְּשָׁהּ לִי בְּמָקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי וְהָלַךְ וְקִדְּשָׁהּ בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. קַדְּשָׁהּ לִי וַהֲרֵי הִיא בְּמָקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי וְהָלַךְ וְקִדְּשָׁהּ בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת מִפְּנֵי שֶׁמַּרְאֶה מָקוֹם הוּא לוֹ. וְכֵן הִיא שֶׁאָמְרָה לִשְׁלוּחָהּ קַבֵּל לִי קִדּוּשַׁי בְּמָקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי וְקִבְּלָם לָהּ בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. הֲרֵי הַבַּעַל בְּמָקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי וְקִבֵּל לָהּ בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת מִפְּנֵי שֶׁמַּרְאָה מָקוֹם הִיא לוֹ:

When [the principal] tells the agent: "Consecrate her in this and this place," and the agent consecrated her in another place, the kiddushin are not valid. [If the principal tells the agent:] "Consecrate her for me. She is in this and this place," and the agent goes and consecrates her in another place, she is consecrated; he is merely suggesting to him the place [where she might be found]. Similarly, if [the woman] tells her agent, "Receive kiddushin for me in this and this place," and the agent received them for her in another place, the kiddushin are not valid. [If she told her agent: "Receive kiddushin for me. My prospective] husband is in this and this place," and [the agent] receives the kiddushin in another place, she is consecrated; she is merely suggesting to him the place [where he might be found].

הַמְקַדֵּשׁ אֶת הָאִשָּׁה וְחָזְרוּ בּוֹ מִיָּד הוּא אוֹ הִיא אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁחָזְרוּ בְּתוֹךְ כְּדֵי דִּבּוּר אֵין חֲזָרָתָם כְּלוּם וַהֲרֵי הִיא מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת:

When [a man] consecrates a woman, but he or she desires to retract immediately - even if the retraction is made within a very short amount of time - the retraction is of no consequence and the woman is consecrated.

הַמְקַדֵּשׁ עַל תְּנַאי וְחָזַר אַחַר כַּמָּה יָמִים וּבִטֵּל הַתְּנַאי אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁבִּטְּלוֹ בֵּינוֹ לְבֵינָהּ שֶׁלֹּא בִּפְנֵי עֵדִים בָּטֵל הַתְּנַאי וַהֲרֵי הִיא מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת סְתָם. וְכֵן אִם הָיָה הַתְּנַאי מִן הָאִשָּׁה וּבִטְּלָה אוֹתוֹ (אַחַר כָּךְ) בֵּינָהּ וּבֵינוֹ בָּטֵל הַתְּנַאי. לְפִיכָךְ הַמְקַדֵּשׁ עַל תְּנַאי וְכָנַס סְתָם אוֹ בָּעַל סְתָם הֲרֵי זוֹ צְרִיכָה גֵּט אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא נִתְקַיֵּם הַתְּנַאי שֶׁמָּא בִּטֵּל הַתְּנַאי כְּשֶׁבָּעַל אוֹ כְּשֶׁכָּנַס. וְכֵן הַמְקַדֵּשׁ בְּפָחוֹת מִשְּׁוֵה פְּרוּטָה אוֹ בְּמִלְוֶה וְחָזַר וּבָעַל סְתָם בִּפְנֵי עֵדִים צְרִיכָה גֵּט שֶׁעַל בְּעִילָה זוֹ סָמַךְ וְלֹא עַל אוֹתָן הַקִּדּוּשִׁין הַפְּסוּלִין. חֲזָקָה הִיא שֶׁאֵין אָדָם מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל הַכְּשֵׁרִים עוֹשֶׂה בְּעִילָתוֹ בְּעִילַת זְנוּת וַהֲרֵי בְּיָדוֹ עַתָּה לַעֲשׂוֹתָהּ בְּעִילַת מִצְוָה:

When [a man] consecrates [a woman] and attaches a condition [to the kiddushin], and after several days changes his mind and nullifies the condition, the condition is of no consequence and it is as if the woman had been consecrated without any condition ever having been made. [This law applies] even when he nullifies the condition in the presence of his intended bride alone, without this being observed by witnesses. Similarly, if the woman was the one who attached a condition to the kiddushin, and afterwards nullified it in the presence of her prospective husband alone, the condition is of no consequence. Therefore, if [a man] consecrated [a woman] and attached a condition [to the kiddushin], and afterwards, brought her [to the chuppah] without mentioning the condition, or engaged in sexual relations with her without mentioning the condition, she must receive a divorce [before she marries another man] even though the condition was never fulfilled. [The rationale is that] perhaps [the man] nullified the condition when he brought her [to the chuppah] or when he engaged in sexual relations with her. Similarly, when [a man] consecrates a woman with [an article] worth less than a p'rutah or with a loan, and then engages in sexual relations [with this woman] in the presence of witnesses, without making a statement of intent, the woman must receive a divorce [before she marries another man]. [The rationale is that] perhaps [the man intended to consecrate her through these relations] and relied on them, rather than on the kiddushin that are inadequate. [The principle on which these rulings depend is:] It is an accepted presumption that no virtuous Jewish man will enter into sexual relations that are wanton when he has the potential to engage in these relations in a way that is a mitzvah.