Nazariteship Chapter 4

הָאוֹמֵר הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר הֲרֵי זֶה מְגַלֵּחַ תִּגְלַחַת טָהֳרָה יוֹם אֶחָד וּשְׁלֹשִׁים. וְאִם גִּלֵּחַ בְּיוֹם שְׁלֹשִׁים יָצָא. אָמַר הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם אֵינוֹ מְגַלֵּחַ אֶלָּא בְּיוֹם אֶחָד וּשְׁלֹשִׁים:

When a person says: "Behold I am a nazirite," he should perform the shaving [required when a nazirite vow is completed in] purity on the thirty-first day. If he performed this shaving on the thirtieth day, he fulfills his obligation. If he says: "Behold I am a nazirite for thirty days," he may only perform the shaving on the thirty-first day.

מִי שֶׁנָּזַר שְׁתֵּי נְזִירֻיּוֹת מְגַלֵּחַ אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה בְּיוֹם אֶחָד וּשְׁלֹשִׁים. וְאֶת הַשְּׁנִיָּה בְּיוֹם אֶחָד וְשִׁשִּׁים. וְאִם גִּלֵּחַ אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה יוֹם שְׁלֹשִׁים מְגַלֵּחַ אֶת הַשְּׁנִיָּה יוֹם שִׁשִּׁים. וְאִם גִּלֵּחַ יוֹם תִּשְׁעָה וַחֲמִשִּׁים יָצָא. שֶׁיּוֹם שְׁלֹשִׁים עוֹלֶה לוֹ אַף לְמִנְיַן נְזִירוּת שְׁנִיָּה:

When a person takes two nazirite vows, he should perform the shaving for the first one on the thirty-first day and the second on the sixty-first day. If he performed the first shaving on the thirtieth day, he should perform the second on the sixtieth. If he performed the [second] shaving on the fifty-ninth day, he fulfills his obligation, for the thirtieth day is counted also for the second nazirite vow.

האוֹמֵר הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר וְנָזִיר כְּשֶׁיִּהְיֶה לִי בֵּן. וְהִתְחִיל נְזִירוּת שֶׁלּוֹ וְאַחַר כָּךְ נוֹלַד לוֹ בֵּן. מַשְׁלִים אֶת שֶׁלּוֹ וְאַחַר כָּךְ מוֹנֶה אֶת שֶׁל בְּנוֹ. אָמַר הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר כְּשֶׁיִּהְיֶה לִי בֵּן וַהֲרֵינִי נָזִיר כָּךְ וְכָךְ יוֹם. וְהִתְחִיל בִּנְזִירוּת שֶׁלּוֹ וְאַחַר כָּךְ נוֹלַד לוֹ בֵּן. פּוֹסֵק נְזִירוּת שֶׁלּוֹ וּמוֹנֶה אֶת שֶׁל בְּנוֹ וְאַחַר כָּךְ חוֹזֵר וּמַשְׁלִים אֶת שֶׁלּוֹ וַהֲרֵי שְׁתֵּיהֶן כִּנְזִירוּת אַחַת. לְפִיכָךְ אִם נִטְמָא בְּתוֹךְ נְזִירוּת שֶׁל בְּנוֹ סוֹתֵר הַכּל. נִטְמָא אַחַר נְזִירוּת בְּנוֹ כְּשֶׁהִתְחִיל לְהַשְׁלִים נְזִירוּתוֹ אֵינוֹ סוֹתֵר אֶלָּא עַד נְזִירוּת בְּנוֹ. וּבְכַמָּה יָמִים מַשְׁלִים אֶת שֶׁלּוֹ. אִם נִשְׁאַר מִנְּזִירוּתוֹ כְּשֶׁנּוֹלַד הַבֵּן שְׁלֹשִׁים אוֹ יוֹתֵר מוֹנֶה נְזִירוּת בְּנוֹ וּמַשְׁלִים הַיָּמִים שֶׁנִּשְׁאֲרוּ מִנְּזִירוּתוֹ. וְאִם נִשְׁאֲרוּ מִנְּזִירוּתוֹ פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁלֹשִׁים מוֹנֶה שְׁלֹשִׁים אַחַר נְזִירוּת בְּנוֹ. שֶׁאֵין בֵּין תִּגְלַחַת לְתִגְלַחַת פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם:

When a person says: "Behold I am a nazirite, and [will be] a nazirite should a son be born to me," if he began observing his nazirite vow and then a son was born to him, he should complete his own nazirite vow and then begin counting [the one associated with] his son. [The following rules apply if] he said: "Behold I will be a nazirite should a son be born to me and behold I am a nazirite for these-and-these days." If he began [observing] his own nazirite vow and then a son was born to him, he should interrupt [the counting of] his vow and begin counting [the one associated with] his son. Afterwards, he goes back and completes his own vow. They are both considered as one nazirite vow. Therefore if he becomes impure in the midst of the nazirite vow [associated with] his son, he invalidates everything. If he became impure after [completing] the nazirite vow [associated with] his son, he invalidates only [the days after the completion of] the nazirite vow [associated with] his son. For how many days [must he observe the nazirite laws] to complete his own [nazirite] vow? If there remained 30 days or more [from the days he was required to observe for] his nazirite vow after his son was born, he should observe the nazirite vow [associated with] his son and then complete the days remaining from his own nazirite vow. If less than 30 days remain from his nazirite vow, he must count 30 days after the nazirite vow [associated with] his son, for there is never less than 30 days between one shaving [associated with the conclusion of a nazirite vow] and another.

כֵּיצַד. הָאוֹמֵר הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר כְּשֶׁיִּהְיֶה לִי בֵּן וַהֲרֵינִי נָזִיר מֵאָה יוֹם. וְהִתְחִיל בִּנְזִירוּת שֶׁלּוֹ וְנוֹלַד לוֹ בֵּן. אִם נִשְׁאַר מִן הַמֵּאָה שֶׁנָּדַר שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם אוֹ יֶתֶר כְּשֶׁנּוֹלַד הַבֵּן לֹא הִפְסִיד כְּלוּם. שֶׁהֲרֵי פּוֹסֵק נְזִירוּת שֶׁלּוֹ וּמַתְחִיל וּמוֹנֶה שֶׁל בְּנוֹ וּמְגַלֵּחַ וּמֵבִיא קָרְבְּנוֹתָיו וּמַשְׁלִים הַשְּׁלֹשִׁים אוֹ יֶתֶר שֶׁנִּשְׁאֲרוּ מִנְּזִירוּתוֹ וּמְגַלֵּחַ לִנְזִירוּתוֹ. וְאִם נִשְׁאַר מִן הַמֵּאָה פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁלֹשִׁים סוֹתֵר עַד שִׁבְעִים:

What is implied? One says: "Behold I will be a nazirite when a son will be born to me and behold I am a nazirite for 100 days," he begins observing his nazirite vow and then a son was born to him. If 30 or more days remain from the 100 days concerning which he took the vow after his son was born, he does not forfeit anything. For he [temporarily] concludes his own nazirite vow, begins counting that associated with his son, performs the shaving, brings his sacrifices and then completes the 30 or more days that remain from his own nazirite vow. [At its conclusion,] he performs the shaving. If less than 30 remain from the 100, he forfeits some until [it is counted that he observed] 70 [days].

כֵּיצַד. נוֹלַד הַבֵּן בְּיוֹם שְׁמוֹנִים מוֹנֶה שֶׁל בְּנוֹ וּמַשְׁלִים אֶת שֶׁל בְּנוֹ וּמְגַלֵּחַ. וּמַתְחִיל לִמְנוֹת מֵאַחַר הַתִּגְלַחַת שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם וְנִמְצָא מַפְסִיד מִקֹּדֶם הַוָּלָד עֲשָׂרָה יָמִים שֶׁהֵם מִיּוֹם שִׁבְעִים עַד הַוָּלָד. וְכֵן כָּל כַּיּוֹצֵא בָּזֶה:

What is implied? If his son was born on the eightieth day, he should count the vow associated with his son, complete that vow, perform the shaving, and begin counting 30 days after that shaving. Thus he loses the ten days that [immediately] preceded [the birth of] his son, i.e., the days from the seventieth day until the son's birth. Similar laws apply in all analogous situations.

הָאוֹמֵר הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר לְאַחַר עֶשְׂרִים יוֹם. וְחָזַר וְאָמַר הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר מֵעָתָּה מֵאָה יוֹם. מוֹנֶה עֶשְׂרִים יוֹם וּפוֹסֵק וּמַתְחִיל לִמְנוֹת שְׁלֹשִׁים שֶׁהִיא הַנְּזִירוּת שֶׁנָּדַר לְאַחַר עֶשְׂרִים. וְאַחַר הַשְּׁלֹשִׁים מְגַלֵּחַ תִּגְלַחַת טָהֳרָה וּמֵבִיא קָרְבְּנוֹתָיו וְחוֹזֵר וּמוֹנֶה שְׁמוֹנִים יוֹם כְּדֵי לְהַשְׁלִים הַמֵּאָה שֶׁנָּדַר בַּסּוֹף וּמְגַלֵּחַ וּמֵבִיא קָרְבְּנוֹתָיו:

When a person says: "Behold I will be a nazirite after twenty days pass," and then says: "I am a nazirite beginning now for 100 days," he should observe his nazirite vow for twenty days and interrupts [his counting]. He then begins to count 30 days for the nazirite vow that was to begin after twenty days. After he completes [the observance of this vow], he performs the shaving [required when a nazirite vow is completed in] purity and brings his sacrifices. He then counts the 80 days to complete the 100, performs the shaving and brings his sacrifices.

אָמַר הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר לְאַחַר עֶשְׂרִים יוֹם וַהֲרֵינִי נָזִיר מֵעַתָּה. מוֹנֶה שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם וּמְגַלֵּחַ תִּגְלַחַת טָהֳרָה וְחוֹזֵר וּמוֹנֶה שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם אֲחֵרִים וְהִיא הַנְּזִירוּת שֶׁנָּדַר לְאַחַר עֶשְׂרִים. שֶׁאִם תֹּאמַר מוֹנֶה עֶשְׂרִים וּפוֹסֵק מוֹנֶה שְׁלֹשִׁים וּמְגַלֵּחַ נִשְׁאֲרוּ מִנְּזִירוּת שֶׁהִתְחִיל בָּהּ עֲשָׂרָה יוֹם בִּלְבַד. וְאֵין בֵּין תִּגְלַחַת טָהֳרָה לְתִגְלַחַת טָהֳרָה לְעוֹלָם פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם:

If one says: "Behold I will be a nazirite after twenty days pass," and then says: "I am a nazirite beginning now," he should [observe the second vow first,] counting 30 days. He should then perform the shaving [required when a nazirite vow is completed in] purity, and count another 30 days. This is for the vow he took that would begin after 20 days. One might say: Let him observe 20 days, interrupt [the observance of that vow], and observe 30 days and perform a shaving. Thus there will remain ten days left from the nazirite vow which he began to observe initially for which he observed only 20 days. [We do not say this, because] there may never be less than 30 days between shaving [required when a nazirite vow is completed in] purity and another.

אָמַר הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר לְאַחַר עֶשְׂרִים יוֹם וְחָזַר וְאָמַר הֲרֵינִי נְזִיר עוֹלָם מֵעָתָּה לֹא חָלָה עָלָיו נְזִירוּת שֶׁנָּדַר בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה:

If one says: "Behold I will be a nazirite after twenty days pass," and then says: "I am a nazirite forever beginning now," the nazirite vow which he took originally never takes effect.

וְכֵן אִם אָמַר הֲרֵינִי נְזִיר שִׁמְשׁוֹן לְאַחַר עֶשְׂרִים יוֹם. וְחָזַר וְאָמַר הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר מֵעַתָּה. אֵינוֹ מְגַלֵּחַ לִנְזִירוּת זוֹ שֶׁנָּדַר בָּאַחֲרוֹנָה:

Similarly, if one says: "Behold I will be a nazirite like Samson after twenty days pass," and then says: "I am a nazirite beginning now, he should not shave for the last nazirite vow he took.

מִי שֶׁאָמַר הֲרֵי אֲנִי נָזִיר יוֹם אֶחָד לִפְנֵי מִיתָתִי. הֲרֵי זֶה אָסוּר לִשְׁתּוֹת יַיִן וּלְהִטָּמֵא וּלְגַלֵּחַ לְעוֹלָם:

When a person says: "Behold I am a nazirite one day before I die," he is forbidden to drink wine, to become impure [due to contact with the dead], and to shave forever.

הָאוֹמֵר הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר בַּיּוֹם שֶׁבֶּן דָּוִד בָּא בּוֹ. אִם בְּחל נָדַר הֲרֵי זֶה אָסוּר לְעוֹלָם. וְאִם בְּשַׁבָּת אוֹ בְּיוֹם טוֹב נָדַר אוֹתָהּ שַׁבָּת אוֹ אוֹתוֹ יוֹם טוֹב מֻתָּר. מִכָּאן וְאֵילָךְ אָסוּר לְעוֹלָם. שֶׁהַדָּבָר סָפֵק אִם יָבוֹא בְּשַׁבָּת אוֹ בְּיוֹם טוֹב אוֹ לֹא יָבוֹא. וְהוֹאִיל וְהוּא סָפֵק בַּיּוֹם שֶׁנָּדַר לֹא חָלָה עָלָיו נְזִירוּת שֶׁסְּפֵק נְזִירוּת לְהָקֵל. מִכָּאן וְאֵילָךְ חָלָה עָלָיו נְזִירוּת. וְשַׁבָּת הַבָּאָה שֶׁהִיא סָפֵק אֵינָהּ מַפְקַעַת נְזִירוּת שֶׁחָלָה עָלָיו:

[The following rules apply when a person takes a vow,] saying: "I will be a nazirite on the day when the son of David comes." If he took the vow during the week, he is forbidden to [perform any act that violates the nazirite prohibitions] forever. If he took the vow on the Sabbath or a festival, he is permitted on that Sabbath or festival. Afterwards, he is forbidden forever. [The rationale is that] there is a doubt concerning the question whether [the son of David] will come on a Sabbath or festival or not. Since the matter is an unresolved question, on the day he took the nazirite vow, the nazirite [restrictions] do not apply to him. For whenever there is a question whether the nazirite restrictions apply, we rule leniently. On the following Sabbath, although the above question still remains, it does not eliminate the nazirite vow that has taken effect concerning him.

נָזִיר שֶׁשָּׁלְמוּ יְמֵי נְזִירוּתוֹ וְלֹא גִּלֵּחַ תִּגְלַחַת טָהֳרָה הֲרֵי זֶה אָסוּר לְגַלֵּחַ וְלִשְׁתּוֹת יַיִן וּלְהִטָּמֵא לְמֵתִים כְּשֶׁהָיָה מִקֹּדֶם וְכָל דִּקְדּוּקֵי נְזִירוּת עָלָיו. וְאִם גִּלֵּחַ אוֹ שָׁתָה יַיִן אוֹ נִטְמָא לוֹקֶה:

When a nazirite completes the days of his nazirite vow and does not perform the shaving [required when a nazirite vow is completed in] purity, he is forbidden to shave, to drink wine, and to become impure due to contact with the dead as he was before and all the particular laws associated with the nazirite vow are incumbent on him. If he shaves, drinks wine, or becomes impure [because of contact with the dead], he is liable for lashes.

מִי שֶׁנָּדַר בְּנָזִיר וְדִמָּה שֶׁאֵינוֹ נֵדֶר וְהָיָה נוֹהֵג הֶתֵּר בְּנִדְרוֹ וְשָׁתָה יַיִן. וּלְאַחַר זְמַן שָׁאַל לְחָכָם וְהוֹרָהוּ שֶׁהוּא נֵדֶר וְשֶׁהוּא חַיָּב בִּנְזִירוּת הֲרֵי זֶה מוֹנֶה מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁנָּדַר. וּמִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים שֶׁיִּנְהֹג אִסּוּר כַּיָּמִים שֶׁנָּהַג בָּהֶן הֶתֵּר:

[The following rules apply when a person] takes a nazirite vow and thinks that it is not binding and hence acts as if he was not bound by his vow and drinks wine. Afterwards, he asked a sage and he ruled that it is a vow and that he is obligated to observe the nazirite laws. He should count the days from the day on which he took the vow. According to Rabbinic decree, he should continue to observe the prohibitions for the number of days which he acted as if it was permitted to him.

כֵּיצַד. הֲרֵי שֶׁנָּדַר שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם וְנָהַג הֶתֵּר בְּנִדְרוֹ עֲשָׂרָה יָמִים וְנָהַג אִסּוּר עֶשְׂרִים יוֹם. וּלְאַחַר הַשְּׁלֹשִׁים שָׁאַל לְחָכָם וְאָסַר לוֹ. הֲרֵי זֶה מוֹנֶה עֲשָׂרָה יָמִים מִיּוֹם שֶׁשָּׁאַל כְּנֶגֶד הָעֲשָׂרָה שֶׁנָּהַג בָּהֶן הֶתֵּר. וְאִם שָׁתָה אוֹ גִּלֵּחַ אוֹ נִטְמָא בַּעֲשֶׂרֶת יָמִים הָאֵלּוּ מַכִּין אוֹתוֹ מַכַּת מַרְדּוּת:

What is implied? He took a vow for 30 days and acted as if his vow was permitted for ten days and observed the prohibitions for twenty days. After the thirtieth day, he asked a sage and he told him that he was forbidden. He must observe ten days from the time he asked to compensate for the ten days during which he acted as if he was permitted. If he drinks [wine], shaves, or becomes impure [due to contact with a corpse], he is given stripes for rebellious conduct.

בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים בִּנְזִירוּת מוּעֶטֶת. אֲבָל בִּנְזִירוּת מְרֻבָּה דַּיּוֹ שֶׁיִּנְהֹג שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם בִּנְזִירוּת אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁעָבַר עַל נְזִירוּתוֹ הַמְרֻבָּה כָּל יָמָיו. וְאִם לֹא נָהַג אִסּוּר בְּעַצְמוֹ אֵין נִזְקָקִין לוֹ כְּלָל:

When does the above apply? With regard to a nazirite vow for a short time. If, by contrast, he took a prolonged nazirite vow, it is sufficient that he observe a nazirite vow for 30 days even though he violated this prolonged nazirite vow for his entire life. If he does not observe a prohibition at all, we do not pay attention to him at all.

כָּל בֵּית דִּין שֶׁנִּזְקָקִין לָזֶה וְכַיּוֹצֵא בּוֹ וּמוֹדִיעִין לְאֵלּוּ שֶׁמְּזַלְזְלִין בִּנְדָרִים שֶׁאֵין חַיָּבִין מִן הַתּוֹרָה. אוֹ שֶׁיּוֹרוּ לָהֶן לְהָקֵל אוֹ שֶׁיִּפְתְּחוּ לָהֶן פֶּתַח. מְנַדִּין אוֹתוֹ בֵּית דִּין הַהֶדְיוֹט:

Whenever a court pays attention to such a person or one like him and they inform these people who act contemptuously with regard to vows that they are not obligated to observe them according to Scriptural law, or they give a lenient ruling or they find a rationale why he could ask for the absolution of the vow, we place that court of commoners under a ban of ostracism.

הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁנָּדְרָה בִּנְזִירוּת וְשָׁלְמוּ יְמֵי הַנְּזִירוּת וְהֵבִיאָה קָרְבְּנוֹתֶיהָ וְנִשְׁחֲטָה אַחַת מִן הַבְּהֵמוֹת וְנִזְרַק דָּמָהּ וְאַחַר כָּךְ שָׁמַע בַּעְלָהּ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁעֲדַיִן לֹא גִּלְּחָה אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר. וְאִם קֹדֶם זְרִיקָה הֲרֵי זֶה יָפֵר. בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים בְּתִגְלַחַת טָהֳרָה. אֲבָל בְּתִגְלַחַת טֻמְאָה יָפֵר אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁקָּרְבוּ הַקָּרְבָּנוֹת שֶׁל תִּגְלַחַת טֻמְאָה. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא עֲדַיִן צְרִיכָה לִמְנוֹת נְזִירוּת אַחֶרֶת:

When a woman takes a nazirite vow, the days of the vow are completed, she brings her sacrifices, one of the animals is slaughtered and its blood is poured [on the altar], if her husband hears of her vow, he cannot nullify it. This applies even if she has not shaven her hair already. Before its blood is poured on the altar, he may nullify her vow. When does the above apply? With regard to the shaving [required when a nazirite vow is completed in] purity. With regard to the shaving performed because one has contracted impurity, the husband may nullify her vow. Even though she has already offered the sacrifices associated with the contraction of impurity, [he may nullify her vow,] because she still must observe another nazirite vow.