Sabbath Chapter 16

מָקוֹם שֶׁלֹּא הֻקַּף לְדירָה אֶלָּא שֶׁיִּהְיֶה תַּשְׁמִישׁוֹ לַאֲוִיר כְּגוֹן גַּנּוֹת וּפַרְדֵּסִים וּכְגוֹן הַמַּקִּיף מָקוֹם מִן הָאָרֶץ לְשָׁמְרוֹ וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן. אִם יֵשׁ בְּגֹבַהּ הַמְּחִצּוֹת עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים אוֹ יֶתֶר הֲרֵי הוּא כִּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד לְחַיֵּב הַמּוֹצִיא וְהַזּוֹרֵק וְהַמּוֹשִׁיט מִמֶּנּוּ לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים אוֹ מֵרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים לְתוֹכוֹ. וְאֵין מְטַלְטְלִין בְּכֻלּוֹ אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן יֵשׁ בּוֹ בֵּית סָאתַיִם אוֹ פָּחוֹת. אֲבָל אִם הָיָה בּוֹ יֶתֶר עַל בֵּית סָאתַיִם אָסוּר לְטַלְטֵל בּוֹ אֶלָּא בְּאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת כְּכַרְמְלִית:

1 [In the case of] a place that was enclosed not for residence but its use is rather for the space, such as gardens or orchards or, for example if one encloses a piece of land to guard it or similar to these: If the height of the partitions is ten handbreadths or more, it is surely a private domain that brings liability to the one who transports or throws or extends from it to a a public domain, or from a public domain to within it. And we are only allowed to carry throughout it if its [area] is a beit seatayim or less. But if its [area] is more than a beit seatayim, it is forbidden to carry more than four ells, like a karmelit.

וְכֵן עַמּוּד שֶׁגָּבוֹהַּ עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים וְרָחָב עַד בֵּית סָאתַיִם מְטַלְטְלִין עַל כֻּלּוֹ. הָיָה רָחָב עַל בֵּית סָאתַיִם אֵין מְטַלְטְלִין בּוֹ אֶלָּא בְּאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת. סֶלַע שֶׁבַּיָּם הָיָה גָּבוֹהַּ פָּחוֹת מֵעֲשָׂרָה מְטַלְטְלִין מִתּוֹכוֹ לַיָּם וּמִן הַיָּם לְתוֹכוֹ שֶׁהַכּל כַּרְמְלִית. הָיָה גָּבוֹהַּ עֲשָׂרָה אִם הָיָה רָחְבּוֹ מֵאַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים עַד בֵּית סָאתַיִם הוֹאִיל וּמֻתָּר לְטַלְטֵל בְּכֻלּוֹ אֵין מְטַלְטְלִין לֹא מִתּוֹכוֹ לַיָּם וְלֹא מִן הַיָּם לְתוֹכוֹ. הָיָה יֶתֶר מִבֵּית סָאתַיִם אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד הוֹאִיל וְאָסוּר לְטַלְטֵל בּוֹ אֶלָּא בְּאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת כְּכַרְמְלִית הֲרֵי זֶה מֻתָּר לְטַלְטֵל מִתּוֹכוֹ לַיָּם וּמִן הַיָּם לְתוֹכוֹ שֶׁזֶּה דָּבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ מָצוּי הוּא וְלֹא גָּזְרוּ בּוֹ:

2 Likewise, [in the case of] a column ten handbreadths tall and up to a beit seatayim [large], we may carry upon the whole thing. [But if] it was [larger] than a beit seatayim, we may only carry upon it within four ells. In the case of a boulder in the sea: If it was less than ten, we may carry from it into the sea, and from the sea into it, as it is all a karmelit. [If] it was ten tall: If its [size] was from four handbreadths to a beit seatayim - since it is permissible to carry on all of it, we may not carry from within it to the sea nor from the sea to within it. If it was more than a beit seatayim, even though it is a private domain - since it is forbidden to carry more than four ells, like a karmelit, it is surely permissible to carry from within it to the sea and from the sea to within it. For this is something not common, so they did not decree about it.

כַּמָּה הִיא בֵּית סְאָה חֲמִשִּׁים אַמָּה עַל חֲמִשִּׁים אַמָּה. נִמְצָא בֵּית סָאתַיִם מָקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּתִשְׁבָּרְתוֹ חֲמֵשֶׁת אֲלָפִים אַמָּה. וְכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ כַּמִּדָּה הַזֹּאת בֵּין שֶׁהָיָה מְרֻבָּע שֶׁהוּא שִׁבְעִים אַמָּה וְשִׁירַיִם עַל שִׁבְעִים אַמָּה וְשִׁירַיִם בֵּין שֶׁהָיָה עָגל בֵּין שְׁאָר הַצּוּרוֹת הֲרֵי זֶה נִקְרָא בֵּית סָאתַיִם:

3 How much is beit seah? Fifty ells by fifty ells (2500 square ells). It comes out that a beit seatayim (an area of two seah) is a place that is multiplied to have 5ooo [square] ells. And any place that has this measure - whether it was a square, which is seventy ells and a fraction by seventy ells and a fraction or it was a circle or any other form - is surely called a beit seatayim.

מָקוֹם שֶׁלֹּא הֻקַּף לְדִירָה שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ בֵּית סָאתַיִם אִם הָיָה אָרְכּוֹ פִּי שְׁנַיִם כְּרָחְבּוֹ כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּהְיֶה מֵאָה עַל חֲמִשִּׁים כַּחֲצַר הַמִּשְׁכָּן מֻתָּר לְטַלְטֵל בְּכֻלּוֹ. אֲבָל אִם הָיָה אָרְכּוֹ יֶתֶר עַל שְׁנַיִם כְּרָחְבּוֹ אֲפִלּוּ אַמָּה אֵין מְטַלְטְלִין בּוֹ אֶלָּא בְּאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת. שֶׁלֹּא עָשׂוּ בֵּית סָאתַיִם שֶׁתַּשְׁמִישׁוֹ לַאֲוִיר כִּשְׁאָר הַחֲצֵרוֹת אֶלָּא מֵחֲצַר הַמִּשְׁכָּן:

4 [In the case of] a place that was enclosed not for residence that has [an area of] a beit seatayim: If its length was twice its width - so that it would be a hundred by fifty, like the courtyard of the Tabernacle - it is permissible to carry in the whole thing. But if its length was more than twice it width [by] even one ell, we may only carry within four ells - as they only [derived the measure of] beit seatayim for the usage of the space to be like other courtyards from the courtyard of the Tabernacle.

מָקוֹם שֶׁהֻקַּף שֶׁלֹּא לְשֵׁם דִּירָה אִם פָּרַץ בּוֹ פִּרְצָה יֶתֶר עַל עֶשֶׂר אַמּוֹת בְּגֹבַהּ עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים וְגָדַר בָּהּ לְשֵׁם דִּירָה עַד עֲשָׂרָה מֻתָּר לְטַלְטֵל בְּכֻלָּהּ. וַאֲפִלּוּ פָּרַץ אַמָּה וּגְדָרָהּ לְשֵׁם דִּירָה וּפָרַץ אַמָּה וּגְדָרָהּ לְשֵׁם דִּירָה עַד שֶׁהִשְׁלִימָהּ לְיֶתֶר מֵעֶשֶׂר מֻתָּר לְטַלְטֵל בְּכֻלָּהּ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ כַּמָּה מִילִין:

5 [In the case of] a place that was enclosed not for the sake of residence: If one opened up a breach over ten ells with a height of ten handbradths, and he [then] enclosed it for residence to ten [handbreadths of height], it is permissible to carry in the whole thing. And even [if] he breached an ell and enclosed it for residence and breached [another] ell and enclosed it for residence [and so forth], until he completed it to [be] more than ten [ells], it is permissible to carry in the whole thing - even though it is several mil.

מָקוֹם יָתֵר מִבֵּית סָאתַיִם שֶׁהֻקַּף לְדִירָה אִם נִזְרַע רֻבּוֹ הֲרֵי הוּא כְּגִנָּה וְאָסוּר לְטַלְטֵל בְּכֻלּוֹ. נִזְרַע מִעוּטוֹ אִם נִזְרַע מִמֶּנּוּ בֵּית סָאתַיִם מֻתָּר לְטַלְטֵל בְּכֻלּוֹ. וְאִם הָיָה הַמָּקוֹם הַזָּרוּעַ יֶתֶר מִבֵּית סָאתַיִם אָסוּר לְטַלְטֵל בְּכֻלּוֹ. נָטַע רֻבּוֹ הֲרֵי הוּא כְּחָצֵר וּמֻתָּר לְטַלְטֵל בְּכֻלּוֹ. נִתְמַלֵּא מַיִם אֲפִלּוּ הָיוּ עֲמֻקִּים הַרְבֵּה אִם הָיוּ רְאוּיִין לְתַשְׁמִישׁ הֲרֵי הֵן כִּנְטָעִים וּמֻתָּר לְטַלְטֵל בְּכֻלּוֹ. וְאִם אֵינָן רְאוּיִין לְתַשְׁמִישׁ אֵין מְטַלְטְלִין בּוֹ אֶלָּא בְּאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת:

6 [In the case of] a place [the area of which is] more than a beit seatayim that was enclosed for residence: If most of it was sown, it is like a garden; and it is forbidden to carry in the whole thing. If its lesser part was sown: If [up to] a beit seatayim of it was sown, it is permissible to carry in the whole thing. But if the place that was sown was more than a beit seatayim, it is forbidden to carry in the whole thing. [If, however,] he planted trees in most of it, it is like a courtyard, and it it is permissible to carry in the whole thing. [If] it became full of water - even if it was very deep: If it was fitting to use, it is like saplings and it is permitted to carry in the whole thing. But if it is not fitting for use, we may only carry within four ells.

מָקוֹם שֶׁהֻקַּף שֶׁלֹּא לְשֵׁם דִּירָה שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ בֵּית שָׁלֹשׁ סְאִין וְקֵרוּ בּוֹ בֵּית סְאָה קֵרוּיוֹ מַתִּירוֹ שֶׁפִּי תִּקְרָה יוֹרֵד וְסוֹתֵם. נִפְרַץ בִּמְלוֹאוֹ לֶחָצֵר וְנִפְרְצָה חָצֵר כְּנֶגְדּוֹ. חָצֵר מֻתֶּרֶת כְּשֶׁהָיְתָה וְהַקַּרְפַּף אָסוּר כְּשֶׁהָיָה. שֶׁאֵין אֲוִיר הֶחָצֵר מַתִּירוֹ:

7 [In the case of] a place that was enclosed not for the sake of residence that has [an area of] three seah and they roofed the area of a seah , the roof makes it permissible [to carry in the whole area], as the edge of the roof [acts as if it] descends and seals [the roofed area, thereby making the area without the roof small enough to permit carrying there as well. If such a large enclosure] was completely open to a courtyard, but the courtyard was [only] open across from it, the courtyard remains permissible, and the enclosure remains forbidden - since the airspace of the courtyard does not render it permissible.

הָיָה יֶתֶר מִבֵּית סָאתַיִם וּבָא לְמַעֲטוֹ בָּאִילָנוֹת אֵינוֹ מִעוּט. בָּנָה בּוֹ עַמּוּד בְּצַד הַכֹּתֶל גָּבוֹהַּ עֲשָׂרָה וְרָחָב שְׁלֹשָׁה אוֹ יֶתֶר הֲרֵי זֶה מִעוּט. פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה אֵינוֹ מִעוּט שֶׁכָּל פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה כְּלָבוּד דָּמִי. וְכֵן אִם הִרְחִיק מִן הַכֹּתֶל שְׁלֹשָׁה וְעָשָׂה מְחִצָּה הֲרֵי זֶה מִעוּט. פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה לֹא עָשָׂה כְּלוּם:

8 [If] it was larger than a beit seatayim, and one wants to reduce [its size] with trees, it is not [considered] a reduction. [If] he built a pillar next to the wall ten [handbreadths] tall and three or more wide, it is surely a reduction. [But] less than three is not a reduction. For anything less than three is [considered] as if it is joined together. Likewise if he goes a distance of three from the wall and makes a [new] partition, it is a reduction. [But if it] less than three, he has not done anything.

טָח אֶת הַכֹּתֶל בְּטִיט אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לַעֲמֹד בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ הֲרֵי זֶה מִעוּט. הִרְחִיק מִן הַתֵּל שְׁלֹשָׁה וְעָשָׂה מְחִצָּה הוֹעִיל. עָשָׂה מְחִצָּה עַל שְׂפַת הַתֵּל אֵינוֹ מוֹעִיל שֶׁהָעוֹשֶׂה מְחִצָּה עַל גַּבֵּי מְחִצָּה אֵינוֹ מוֹעִיל. נִבְלְעָה מְחִצָּה הַתַּחְתּוֹנָה וַהֲרֵי הָעֶלְיוֹנָה קַיֶּמֶת. הוֹאִיל וְנַעֲשֵׂית הָעֶלְיוֹנָה לְשֵׁם דִּירָה וַהֲרֵי אֵין שָׁם נִרְאֶה אֶלָּא הִיא הֲרֵי זֶה הוֹעִיל וּמֻתָּר לְטַלְטֵל בְּכֻלָּהּ:

9 [If] one plastered the wall with mud - even though it cannot stand on its own - it is surely a reduction. [In the case of a mesa: If] he went a distance of three [handbreadths] from the [edge of the] mesa, it is effective. [If] he made a partition at the edge of the mesa, it is not effective. For [if] one makes a partition on top of a partition [and the mesa wall is already considered a partition], it is not effective. [If] the bottom partition becomes submerged, whereas the top one remains - given that the top one was made for residence and it is the only one visible, it is surely effective; so it is permissible to carry in the whole thing.

רְחָבָה שֶׁאֲחוֹרֵי בָּתִּים יְתֵרָה עַל בֵּית סָאתַיִם אֵין מְטַלְטְלִין בָּהּ אֶלָּא בְּאַרְבַּע. וַאֲפִלּוּ הָיָה פֶּתַח הַבַּיִת פָּתוּחַ לְתוֹכָהּ. וְאִם פָּתַח הַפֶּתַח לְשָׁם וְאַחַר כָּךְ הִקִּיפָה הֲרֵי זוֹ כְּמֻקֶּפֶת לְדִירָה וּמֻתָּר לְטַלְטֵל בְּכֻלָּהּ:

10 [In the case of] a yard behind houses larger than a beit seatayim, we may only carry within four [ells] - and even if there was an entrance of the house opening into it. But if he opened an entrance into it, and enclosed [the yard] afterwards, it is surely encircled for residence; so it is permissible to carry in the whole thing.

רְחָבָה הַפְּתוּחָה לַמְּדִינָה מִצַּד אֶחָד וּמִצַּד אַחֵר פְּתוּחָה לַשְּׁבִיל הַמַּגִּיעַ לַנָּהָר. עוֹשֶׂה לָהּ לֶחִי מִצַּד הַמְּדִינָה וְיִהְיֶה מֻתָּר לְטַלְטֵל בְּכֻלָּהּ וּמִתּוֹכָהּ לַמְּדִינָה וּמִן הַמְּדִינָה לְתוֹכָהּ:

11 [In the case of] a yard open to the city on one side and open to a path leading to the river on the other side, one can make a post for it on the side of the city and it would [then] be permissible to carry within the whole thing, from within it to the city and from the city to within it.

יָחִיד שֶׁשָּׁבַת בְּבִקְעָה וְעָשָׂה מְחִצָּה סָבִיב לוֹ אִם יֵשׁ בָּהּ עַד בֵּית סָאתַיִם מֻתָּר לְטַלְטֵל בְּכֻלָּהּ. וְאִם הָיְתָה יֶתֶר עַל בֵּית סָאתַיִם אֵינוֹ מְטַלְטֵל בָּהּ אֶלָּא בְּאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת. וְכֵן אִם הָיוּ שְׁנַיִם. אֲבָל שְׁלֹשָׁה יִשְׂרְאֵלִים אוֹ יֶתֶר עֲלֵיהֶן שֶׁשָּׁבְתוּ בְּבִקְעָה הֲרֵי הֵן שַׁיָּרָא וּמֻתָּר לָהֶם לְטַלְטֵל בְּכָל צָרְכָּן אֲפִלּוּ כַּמָּה מִילִין. וְהוּא שֶׁלֹּא יִשָּׁאֵר מִן הַמְּחִצָּה שֶׁהִקִּיפוּ בֵּית סָאתַיִם פָּנוּי בְּלֹא כֵּלִים. אֲבָל אִם נִשְׁאָר בֵּית סָאתַיִם פָּנוּי בְּלֹא כֵּלִים וְלֹא הָיוּ צְרִיכִים לוֹ אֲסוּרִים לְטַלְטֵל בְּכָל הַמְּחִצָּה אֶלָּא בְּאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת. וְאֵין הַקָּטָן מַשְׁלִים לְשַׁיָּרָא:

12 [In the case of] an individual who is spending Shabbat in a glen, and he made make a partition around it: If its area is up to a beit seatayim, he may carry in the whole thing. But if it was more than a beit seatayim, he may not carry within it more than four ells. Likewise if there were two [there]. But three Israelites and up that were spending Shabbat in a glen are surely [considered] a caravan, so they can carry for all of their needs - even [over] several mil. And that is when there is not a beit seatayim free of vessels within the partition [with which] they enclosed [the area]. But if there remained a beit seatayim free of vessels and they did not need [this free space], they are forbidden from carrying more than four ells in the whole [area enclosed by the] partition. And a minor does not [count] for [the requisite number of Israelites that make] a caravan.

שְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁהִקִּיפוּ כְּדֵי צָרְכָּן וְקָנוּ שְׁבִיתָה וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת אֶחָד מֵהֶן הֲרֵי הֵם מֻתָּרִין לְטַלְטֵל בְּכֻלָּהּ. קָנוּ שְׁנַיִם שְׁבִיתָה בְּיֶתֶר מִבֵּית סָאתַיִם וְאַחַר כָּךְ בָּא לָהֶם שְׁלִישִׁי אֲסוּרִין לְטַלְטֵל אֶלָּא בְּאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת כְּשֶׁהָיוּ קֹדֶם שֶׁיָּבוֹא זֶה. שֶׁהַשְּׁבִיתָה הִיא הַגּוֹרֶמֶת לֹא הַדִּיּוּרִין:

13 [If] three enclose [an area] according to their needs and establish [it as] the place of [their] Shabbat residence but one of them dies afterwards [on Shabbat], they are surely permitted to carry in the whole thing. [If] two establish a place of Shabbat residence that is more than a beit seatayim and a third comes afterwards to [join] them [on Shabbat], they are forbidden from carrying more than four ells - as they were before this one came. For the establishment of Shabbat residence determines [the number present], not the [actual] residents.

שְׁלֹשָׁה מְקוֹמוֹת הַמֻּקָּפִין שֶׁלֹּא לְשֵׁם דִּירָה זֶה בְּצַד זֶה וּפְתוּחִים זֶה לָזֶה שְׁנַיִם הַחִיצוֹנִים רְחָבִים וְהָאֶמְצָעִי קָצָר שֶׁנִּמְצְאוּ לַשְּׁנַיִם הַחִיצוֹנִים פַּסִּין מִכָּאן וּמִכָּאן וְהָיָה יָחִיד בָּזֶה וְיָחִיד בָּזֶה וְיָחִיד בָּזֶה נַעֲשׂוּ כְּשַׁיָּרָא וְנוֹתְנִין לָהֶם כָּל צָרְכָּן. הָיָה הָאֶמְצָעִי רָחָב וּשְׁנַיִם הַחִיצוֹנִים קְצָרִים שֶׁנִּמְצָא הָאֶמְצָעִי בְּפַסִּין מִשְּׁנֵי רוּחוֹתָיו הֲרֵי הוּא מֻבְדָּל מִשְּׁנַיִם הַחִיצוֹנִים. לְפִיכָךְ אִם שָׁבַת יָחִיד בָּזֶה וְיָחִיד בָּזֶה וְיָחִיד בָּזֶה אֵין נוֹתְנִין לָהֶן כָּל צָרְכָּן אֶלָּא כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד יֵשׁ לוֹ בֵּית סָאתַיִם בִּמְקוֹמוֹ. הָיָה יָחִיד בָּזֶה וְיָחִיד בָּזֶה וּשְׁנַיִם בָּאֶמְצָעִי אוֹ שְׁנַיִם בָּזֶה וּשְׁנַיִם בָּזֶה וְאֶחָד בָּאֶמְצָעִי נוֹתְנִין לָהֶן כָּל צָרְכָּן:

14 [In a case of] three places enclosed not for the sake of residence - one next to each other - [wherein] the two outer ones are wide and the middle one is narrow, such that it comes out that the two outer ones have boards from this [side] and that [side]; and there was an individual in this one, an individual in that one and an individual in the [third] one, they become like a caravan and we give them all of their needs [in terms of carrying. But if] the middle one was wide and the two outer ones narrow, such that it comes out that the middle one is with boards in both directions, it is surely divided from the two outer ones. Hence if an individual establishes his Shabbat residence in this one, an individual establishes his Shabbt residence in that one and an individual establishes his residence in the [third] one, we do not give them all of their needs. Rather, each and every one has [up to] a beit seatayim in his place. [If, however,] there was an individual in this one, an individual in that one, but two in the middle one; or two in this one, two in that one and one in the middle one, we give them all of their needs.

כָּל מְחִצָּה שֶׁאֵינָהּ יְכוֹלָה לַעֲמֹד בְּרוּחַ מְצוּיָה אֵינָהּ מְחִצָּה. וְכָל מְחִצָּה שֶׁאֵינָהּ עֲשׂוּיָה לְנַחַת אֵינָהּ מְחִצָּה. וְכָל מְחִצָּה שֶׁאֵינָהּ עֲשׂוּיָה אֶלָּא לִצְנִיעוּת בִּלְבַד אֵינָהּ מְחִצָּה. וְכָל מְחִצָּה שֶׁאֵין בְּגָבְהָהּ עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים אוֹ יוֹתֵר אֵינָהּ מְחִצָּה גְּמוּרָה. גִּדּוּד חֲמִשָּׁה וּמְחִצָּה חֲמִשָּׁה מִצְטָרְפִין:

15 Any partition unable to withstand a common wind is not [considered] a partition. And [so too] a partition that is not made for [resting items upon it] is not a partition. And a partition that is only made for modesty is [also] not a partition. And a partition that does not have a height of ten handbreadths or more is not a full-fledged partition. An embankment of five [handbreadths] and a partition of five combine [to be considered a partition].

כָּל מְחִצָּה שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ פָּרוּץ מְרֻבֶּה עַל הָעוֹמֵד אֵינָהּ מְחִצָּה. אֲבָל אִם הָיָה פָּרוּץ כְּעוֹמֵד הֲרֵי זוֹ מֻתֶּרֶת. וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיֶה בְּאוֹתָן הַפְּרָצוֹת פִּרְצָה שֶׁהִיא יֶתֶר עַל עֶשֶׂר אַמּוֹת. אֲבָל עֶשֶׂר אַמּוֹת הֲרֵי הִיא כְּפֶתַח. אִם הָיָה לְפִרְצָה זוֹ צוּרַת פֶּתַח אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ יוֹתֵר מֵעֶשֶׂר אֵינָהּ מַפְסֶדֶת הַמְּחִצָּה. וְהוּא שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא הַפָּרוּץ מְרֻבֶּה עַל הָעוֹמֵד:

16 Any partition in which the breach is more than what is standing is not [considered] a partition. But if the breach is the same as what is standing, it is surely a partition. And that is only when there is not, among the breaches, a breach that is more than ten ells. But ten ells is surely like an entrance. [However] if this breach has the outline of an entrance (two sides and a top, as in paragraph 19 below), it does not spoil the partition - even if it is more than ten. And that is when the breach is not more than what is standing.

בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים בִּזְמַן שֶׁהַפְּרָצוֹת מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים וּלְמַעְלָה. אֲבָל אִם הָיוּ הַפְּרָצוֹת כָּל פִּרְצָה מֵהֶן פְּחוּתָה מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה הֲרֵי זוֹ מֻתֶּרֶת. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהַפָּרוּץ מְרֻבֶּה עַל הָעוֹמֵד. שֶׁכָּל פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה הֲרֵי הוּא כְּלָבוּד:

17 To what are these words applicable? When the breaches are from three handbreadths and up. However if each one of the breaches was less than three, it is permissible - even though the breach is more than what is standing. For anything less than three is like it is joined together.

כֵּיצַד. הֲרֵי שֶׁהִקִּיף בְּקָנִים וְאֵין בֵּין קָנֶה לַחֲבֵרוֹ שְׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים. אוֹ שֶׁהִקִּיף בַּחֲבָלִים וְאֵין בֵּין חֶבֶל לַחֲבֵרוֹ שְׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים. הֲרֵי זוֹ מְחִצָּה גְּמוּרָה. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִיא שְׁתִי בְּלֹא עֵרֶב אוֹ עֵרֶב בְּלֹא שְׁתִי. וְצָרִיךְ שֶׁיִּהְיֶה גֹּבַהּ הַקָּנֶה עֲשָׂרָה אוֹ שֶׁיִּהְיֶה מִן הָאָרֶץ עַד סוֹף עֹבִי הַחֶבֶל הָעֶלְיוֹן עֲשָׂרָה אִם הִקִּיף בַּחֲבָלִים. שֶׁאֵין מְחִצָּה פְּחוּתָה מֵעֲשָׂרָה. וְכָל הַשִּׁעוּרִין הָאֵלּוּ הֲלָכָה לְמשֶׁה מִסִּינַי הֵן:

How is this? Behold, [if] one enclosed [an area] with poles and there is not three handbreadths between one pole and another; or if one enclosed [it] with ropes and there is not three between one rope and another - that is surely a full-fledged partition, even though it is only vertical without the horizontal, or horizontal without the vertical. But the height of the poles must be ten; or if one enclosed with ropes, the height from the ground to the top rope must be ten - as a partition cannot be less than ten. And all of these measurements are a law given to Moses at Sinai.

צוּרַת פֶּתַח הָאֲמוּרָה בְּכָל מָקוֹם הִיא אֲפִלּוּ קָנֶה וְכַיּוֹצֵא בּוֹ מִכָּאן וְקָנֶה מִכָּאן וְקָנֶה עַל גַּבֵּיהֶן. גֹּבַהּ שְׁנֵי הַלְּחָיַיִם עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים אוֹ יֶתֶר וְהַקָּנֶה וְכַיּוֹצֵא בּוֹ שֶׁעַל גַּבֵּיהֶן אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ נוֹגֵעַ בִּשְׁנֵי הַלְּחָיַיִם אֶלָּא יֵשׁ בֵּינֵיהֶן כַּמָּה אַמּוֹת הוֹאִיל וְגֹבַהּ הַלְּחָיַיִם עֲשָׂרָה הֲרֵי זוֹ צוּרַת פֶּתַח. וְצוּרַת פֶּתַח שֶׁאָמְרוּ צְרִיכָה שֶׁתְּהֵא בְּרִיאָה לְקַבֵּל דֶּלֶת אֲפִלּוּ דֶּלֶת שֶׁל קַשׁ:

19 An outline of an opening, discussed in every place, is even a reed or that which is similar to it from this [side] and a reed from that [side] and a reed on top of them. The height of both of the posts is ten or more handbreadths. [If] the reed or what is similar to it on top of them does not touch the posts - but there is rather several ells between them - since the height of the posts is ten, it is surely an outline of an opening. And the outline of an opening that they discussed needs to be sturdy [enough] to hold a door - even if the door is [only] from straw.

פָּתַח שֶׁצּוּרָתוֹ כִּפָּה אִם יֵשׁ בְּאֹרֶךְ רַגְלֵי הַכִּפָּה עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים הֲרֵי זֶה צוּרַת פֶּתַח. וְצוּרַת פֶּתַח שֶׁעָשָׂה אוֹתָהּ מִן הַצַּד אֵינָהּ כְּלוּם שֶׁאֵין דֶּרֶךְ הַפְּתָחִים לִהְיוֹת בְּקֶרֶן זָוִית אֶלָּא בְּאֶמְצַע:

20 [In the case of] an entrance the outline of which is an arch: If the length of the base (the sides before they arch) of the arch is ten handbreadths, it is surely the outline of an entrance. But the opening of an entrance that one made on the side is nothing - as it is not the way of entrances to be in a corner, but rather in the middle [of a partition].

בַּכּל עוֹשִׂין מְחִצָּה בֵּין בְּכֵלִים בֵּין בָּאֳכָלִים בֵּין בְּאָדָם אֲפִלּוּ בִּבְהֵמָה וּשְׁאָר מִינֵי חַיָּה וְעוֹף וְהוּא שֶׁיִּהְיוּ כְּפוּתִים כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יָנוּדוּ:

21 We may make partitions with everything; whether with vessels, with foods, with a person, even with a beast and other types of animals or fowl - and that is when they are bound, so that they do not move.

מְחִצָּה הָעוֹמֶדֶת מֵאֵלֶיהָ הֲרֵי זוֹ כְּשֵׁרָה. וּמְחִצָּה הַנַּעֲשֵׂית בְּשַׁבָּת הֲרֵי זוֹ מְחִצָּה. וְאִם נַעֲשֵׂית בִּשְׁגָגָה מֻתָּר לְטַלְטֵל בָּהּ בְּאוֹתָהּ שַׁבָּת. וְהוּא שֶׁתֵּעָשֶׂה שֶׁלֹּא לְדַעַת הַמְּטַלְטֵל. אֲבָל אִם נִתְכַּוֵּן אָדָם לְזוֹ הַמְּחִצָּה שֶׁתֵּעָשֶׂה בְּשַׁבָּת כְּדֵי לְטַלְטֵל בָּהּ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁעָשָׂה אוֹתָהּ הָעוֹשֶׂה בִּשְׁגָגָה אָסוּר לְטַלְטֵל בָּהּ בְּאוֹתָהּ שַׁבָּת. וְכֵן אִם נַעֲשֵׂית בְּמֵזִיד אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא נִתְכַּוֵּן זֶה לְטַלְטֵל בָּהּ הֲרֵי זֶה אָסוּר לְטַלְטֵל בָּהּ:

22 A partition erected on its own is [considered] a partition. And [also] a partition formed on Shabbat is surely a partition. And if it was formed inadvertently, it is permissible to carry within it [even] that Shabbat - and that is when it was formed without the knowledge of the one carrying. But if one had the intention that this partition would be formed on Shabbat, so as to carry within it - even though the one who formed it, formed it inadvertently - it is forbidden to carry within it that Shabbat. Likewise, if it was formed volitionally - even though it was not intended by this one to carry within it - it is surely forbidden to carry within it.

מֻתָּר לַעֲשׂוֹת מְחִצָּה שֶׁל בְּנֵי אָדָם בְּשַׁבָּת שֶׁיַּעֲמֹד זֶה בְּצַד זֶה וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יֵדְעוּ אֵלּוּ הָעוֹמְדִין שֶׁבִּשְׁבִיל לַעֲשׂוֹתָן מְחִצָּה הֶעֱמִידָן. וְלֹא יַעֲמִיד אוֹתָן אָדָם שֶׁהוּא רוֹצֶה לְהִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בִּמְחִצָּה זוֹ אֶלָּא יַעֲמִיד אוֹתָן אַחֵר שֶׁלֹּא לְדַעְתּוֹ:

23 It is permissible [for a person] to form a partition of people on Shabbat, such that one stand next to the other - so long as the ones standing do not know that [the first] one positioned them [in such a way] to have them form a partition. But the one who wants to use the partition may not position them. Rather another one may position them without his knowledge.

אִילָן שֶׁהוּא מֵסֵךְ עַל הָאָרֶץ אִם אֵין נוֹפוֹ גָּבוֹהַּ מִן הָאָרֶץ שְׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים מְמַלֵּא בֵּין בָּדָיוֹ וְעָלָיו תֶּבֶן וְקַשׁ וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן וְקוֹשְׁרָן בָּאָרֶץ עַד שֶׁיַּעֲמֹד בְּרוּחַ מְצוּיָה וְלֹא יִתְנַדְנֵד וּמְטַלְטֵל תַּחַת כֻּלּוֹ. וְהוּא שֶׁיִּהְיוּ תַּחְתָּיו עַד בֵּית סָאתַיִם. אֲבָל אִם הָיָה יֶתֶר מִבֵּית סָאתַיִם אֵין מְטַלְטְלִין תַּחְתָּיו אֶלָּא בְּאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת מִפְּנֵי שֶׁתַּחְתָּיו מָקוֹם שֶׁלֹּא הֻקַּף לְדִירָה הוּא:

24 [In the case of] a tree that hovers over the ground: If its branches are three handbreadths from the ground, one may fill in straw and hay and that which is similar to them between its boughs and leaves and tie them to the ground until it is [able to] withstand a common wind and not move - and he may [then] carry under the entire thing. But if it had [an area of] more than a beit seatayim, we may only carry under it within four ells. For under [this tree] is a place that was enclosed not for residence.