הלכות שבת
36 halachot · Hebrew + English
מָבוֹי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ שְׁלֹשָׁה כְּתָלִים הוּא הַנִּקְרָא מָבוֹי סָתוּם. וּמָבוֹי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ שְׁנֵי כְּתָלִים בִּלְבַד זֶה כְּנֶגֶד זֶה וְהָעָם נִכְנָסִין בְּרוּחַ זוֹ וְיוֹצְאִין בְּשֶׁכְּנֶגְדָהּ הוּא הַנִּקְרָא מָבוֹי הַמְפֻלָּשׁ:
1 An alley that has three walls is called a closed alley. But an alley that only has two walls that are across from each other - and the people enter from this direction and exit in the one across from it - is called an open alley.
הֵיאַךְ מַתִּירִין מָבוֹי הַסָּתוּם. עוֹשֶׂה לוֹ בְּרוּחַ רְבִיעִית לֶחִי אֶחָד אוֹ עוֹשֶׂה עָלָיו קוֹרָה וְדַיּוֹ. וְתֵחָשֵׁב אוֹתָהּ קוֹרָה אוֹ אוֹתוֹ לֶחִי כְּאִלּוּ סָתַם רוּחַ רְבִיעִית וְיֵעָשֶׂה רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד וְיִהְיֶה מֻתָּר לְטַלְטֵל בְּכֻלּוֹ. שֶׁדִּין תּוֹרָה בְּשָׁלֹשׁ מְחִצּוֹת בִּלְבַד מֻתָּר לְטַלְטֵל וּמִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים הִיא הָרוּחַ הָרְבִיעִית וּלְפִיכָךְ דַּי לָהּ בְּלֶחִי אוֹ קוֹרָה:
2 How do we permit [carrying in] a closed alley? One makes a post for it or a beam on top of it in the fourth direction, and that is sufficient for it. And that beam or that post is considered as if it closes the fourth direction and makes it into a private domain, such that it would be permissible to carry in the whole thing. For the law of the Torah is that it is permissible to carry within three partitions alone; and the fourth direction is [only] from the words of the scribes (rabbinic). So therefore, it is sufficient with a post or a beam.
וְהֵיאַךְ מַתִּירִין מָבוֹי מְפֻלָּשׁ. עוֹשֶׂה לוֹ צוּרַת פֶּתַח מִכָּאן וְלֶחִי אוֹ קוֹרָה מִכָּאן. וּמָבוֹי עָקֹם תּוֹרָתוֹ כִּמְפֻלָּשׁ:
3 And how do we permit an open alley? One makes the outline of an entrance from [this open] side, and a post or a beam on [the opposing open] side. And the status of a bent alley is like an open one.
מָבוֹי שֶׁהוּא שָׁוֶה מִתּוֹכוֹ וּמִדְרוֹן לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים אוֹ שָׁוֶה לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וּמִדְרוֹן לְתוֹכוֹ אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לֹא לֶחִי וְלֹא קוֹרָה שֶׁהֲרֵי הוּא מֻבְדָּל מֵרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים:
4 An alley that is flat within it but sloped to the public domain, or flat to the public domain but sloped within it, does not require a post nor a beam - for it is surely separated from the public domain.
מָבוֹי שֶׁצִּדּוֹ אֶחָד כָּלֶה לַיָּם וְצִדּוֹ אֶחָד כָּלֶה לְאַשְׁפָּה שֶׁל רַבִּים אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ כְּלוּם. שֶׁאַשְׁפָּה שֶׁל רַבִּים אֵינָהּ עֲשׂוּיָה לְהִתְפַּנּוֹת וְאֵין חוֹשְׁשִׁין שֶׁמָּא יַעֲלֶה הַיָּם שִׂרְטוֹן:
5 An alley one side of which ends onto the sea and one side of which ends onto a public dumping ground does not require anything [to permit it]. For a public dumping ground is not given to being cleared and we do not concern ourselves lest the sea raise up a sand embankment.
מָבוֹי מְפֻלָּשׁ שֶׁהוּא כָּלֶה לְאֶמְצַע רְחָבָה שֶׁל רַבִּים. אִם לֹא הָיָה מְכֻוָּן כְּנֶגֶד פֶּתַח הָרְחָבָה הֲרֵי זֶה כְּסָתוּם וְאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ מִצַּד הָרְחָבָה כְּלוּם. אֲבָל אִם הָיָה כָּלֶה לְצִדְדֵי הָרְחָבָה אָסוּר. וְאִם הָיְתָה שֶׁל יָחִיד אַף לְאֶמְצָעָהּ אָסוּר. פְּעָמִים בּוֹנֶה מִצַּד אֶחָד וְנִמְצָא כָּלֶה לְצִדָּהּ שֶׁל רְחָבָה:
6 [In the case of] an open alley which ends onto the middle of a public yard: If it is not across from the entrance of the yard, it is surely closed and does not require anything on the fourth side. But if it ends onto the sides of the yard, it is forbidden. And if it was [the yard] of an individual, it is prohibited even onto the middle. [For] sometimes, [an individual] builds on one side, and it comes out that [the alley] ends onto [what, as a result of the building, has become] the side of the yard.
אֵין הַמָּבוֹי נִתָּר בְּלֶחִי אוֹ קוֹרָה עַד שֶׁיִּהְיוּ בָּתִּים וַחֲצֵרוֹת פְּתוּחוֹת לְתוֹכוֹ וְיִהְיֶה אָרְכּוֹ מֵאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת וּלְמַעְלָה וְיִהְיֶה אָרְכּוֹ יָתֵר עַל רָחְבּוֹ. אֲבָל מָבוֹי שֶׁאָרְכּוֹ כְּרָחְבּוֹ הֲרֵי הוּא כְּחָצֵר וְאֵינוֹ נִתָּר אֶלָּא בִּשְׁנֵי לְחָיַיִם מִשְּׁנֵי רוּחוֹתָיו כָּל לֶחִי בְּמַשֶּׁהוּ. אוֹ בְּפַס רָחָב אַרְבָּעָה מֵרוּחַ אַחַת:
7 An alley is only made permissible with a [single] post or a beam if it has houses and courtyards opening into it, it be longer than four ells and its length be more than its width. But an alley the length of which is like its width is surely [considered] a courtyard; so it is only made permissible with two posts in both directions - each post being of the smallest [width] - or with a board four [handbreadths wide] from one direction.
חָצֵר שֶׁאָרְכָּהּ יֶתֶר עַל רָחְבָּהּ הֲרֵי הִיא כְּמָבוֹי וְנִתֶּרֶת בְּלֶחִי אוֹ קוֹרָה. וּמָבוֹי שֶׁאֵין בָּתִּים וַחֲצֵרוֹת פְּתוּחוֹת לְתוֹכוֹ כְּגוֹן שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה בּוֹ אֶלָּא בַּיִת אֶחָד אוֹ חָצֵר אַחַת וְכֵן מָבוֹי שֶׁאֵין בְּאָרְכּוֹ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת אֵינוֹ נִתָּר אֶלָּא בִּשְׁנֵי לְחָיַיִם אוֹ בְּפַס אַרְבָּעָה וּמַשֶּׁהוּ:
8 A courtyard the length of which is more than its width is surely like an alley; so it is permitted with a [single] post or a beam. But an alley into which houses and courtyards do not open, such as if there is only one house or one courtyard on it; and likewise an alley the length of which is not [minimally] four ells - is only made permissible with two posts or a board of four [handbreadths] and a bit.
מָבוֹי שֶׁאֵין בְּרָחְבּוֹ שְׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לֹא לֶחִי וְלֹא קוֹרָה וּמֻתָּר לְטַלְטֵל בְּכֻלּוֹ. שֶׁכָּל פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה הֲרֵי הוּא כְּלָבוּד. מָבוֹי שֶׁהֶכְשֵׁרוֹ בְּקוֹרָה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמֻּתָּר לְטַלְטֵל בְּכֻלּוֹ כִּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד הַזּוֹרֵק מִתּוֹכוֹ לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים אוֹ מֵרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים לְתוֹכוֹ פָּטוּר. שֶׁהַקּוֹרָה מִשּׁוּם הֶכֵּר הִיא עֲשׂוּיָה. אֲבָל אִם הֶכְשֵׁרוֹ בְּלֶחִי הַזּוֹרֵק מִתּוֹכוֹ לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים אוֹ מֵרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים לְתוֹכוֹ חַיָּב שֶׁהַלֶּחִי הֲרֵי הוּא כִּמְחִצָּה בְּרוּחַ רְבִיעִית:
9 An alley that does not have a width of three handbreadths does not need a post or beam to make it permissible to carry in the whole thing. As anything less than three [handbreadths] is like it is joined [together]. Even though it is permitted to carry in an entire alley that is made permissible with a beam, one who throws from it to a public domain or from a public domain into it is exempt. For a beam is made as a marker (so it does not make the alley into a full-fledged private domain). But if it is made permissible with a post, one who throws from it to a public domain or from a public domain into it is liable. For a post is surely like a partition in the fourth direction (making it into a full-fledged private domain).
שְׁנֵי כְּתָלִים בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וְהָעָם עוֹבְרִים בֵּינֵיהֶם כֵּיצַד מַכְשִׁיר בֵּינֵיהֶם. עוֹשֶׂה דְּלָתוֹת מִכָּאן וּדְלָתוֹת מִכָּאן וְאַחַר כָּךְ יַעֲשֶׂה בֵּינֵיהֶם רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד. וְאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לִנְעל הַדְּלָתוֹת בַּלַּיְלָה אֲבָל צָרִיךְ שֶׁיִּהְיוּ רְאוּיוֹת לְהִנָּעֵל. הָיוּ מְשֻׁקָּעוֹת בְּעָפָר מְפַנֶּה אוֹתָן וּמְתַקְּנָן לְהִנָּעֵל. אֲבָל צוּרַת פֶּתַח אוֹ לֶחִי וְקוֹרָה אֵינָן מוֹעִילִין בְּהֶכְשֵׁר רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים:
10 How can we render fit [the area] between two walls, with people walking between them, in the public domain? One makes doors on this [side] and doors on that [side]. And afterwards a private domain is made between them. And one need not lock the doors at night, but they have to be fit to be locked. [Hence] if they were submerged in the dirt, he must clear them and fix them to be locked. But the outline of an entrance, a post or a beam are not effective to render a public domain fit [to change its status and permit carrying].
מֻתָּר לְטַלְטֵל בְּמָבוֹי תַּחַת הַקּוֹרָה אוֹ בֵּין הַלְּחָיַיִם. בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים בְּשֶׁהָיָה סָמוּךְ לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים. אֲבָל אִם הָיָה סָמוּךְ לְכַרְמְלִית אָסוּר לְטַלְטֵל תַּחַת הַקּוֹרָה אוֹ בֵּין הַלְּחָיַיִם עַד שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה לֶחִי אַחֵר לְהַתִּיר תּוֹךְ הַפֶּתַח שֶׁהֲרֵי מָצָא מִין אֶת מִינוֹ וְנֵעוֹר:
11 It is permissible to carry in an alley under the beam or between the posts. To what are these words applicable? When it is adjacent to a public domain. But if it is adjacent to a karmelit, it is forbidden to carry under the beam or between the posts until one makes another post within the opening. For 'a type has found its own type and is awakened' (meaning that since the area under the beam or between the posts and the karmelit are both areas undefined by the Torah, the former takes on the identity of the latter).
בַּכּל עוֹשִׂין לְחָיַיִם אֲפִלּוּ בְּדָבָר שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ רוּחַ חַיִּים וַאֲפִלּוּ בְּאִסּוּרֵי הֲנָיָה. עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה עַצְמָהּ אוֹ אֲשֵׁרָה שֶׁעָשָׂה אוֹתָהּ לֶחִי כָּשֵׁר שֶׁהַלֶּחִי עָבְיוֹ כָּל שֶׁהוּא. גֹּבַהּ הַלֶּחִי אֵין פָּחוֹת מֵעֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים רָחְבּוֹ וְעָבְיוֹ כָּל שֶׁהוּא:
12 We may make posts with anything, even with something living, and even with that from which it is prohibited to benefit. [Hence] an actual idol or tree-god (asherah) that one made into a post is fit, since its [required] thickness is the smallest amount (such that the requirement to destroy it does not impinge upon any need for a horizontal dimension). The height of the post must be ten handbreadths, [but] its width and thickness is the smallest amount.
בַּכּל עוֹשִׂין קוֹרָה אֲבָל לֹא בַּאֲשֵׁרָה לְפִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לְרֹחַב הַקּוֹרָה שִׁעוּר. וְכָל הַשִּׁעוּרִין אֲסוּרִים מִן הָאֲשֵׁרָה. וְכֵן רֹחַב הַקּוֹרָה אֵין פָּחוֹת מִטֶּפַח וְעָבְיָהּ כָּל שֶׁהוּא. וְהוּא שֶׁתִּהְיֶה בְּרִיאָה לְקַבֵּל אָרִיחַ שֶׁהוּא חֲצִי לְבֵנָה שֶׁל שְׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים. וּמַעֲמִידֵי קוֹרָה צְרִיכִין שֶׁיִּהְיוּ בְּרִיאִין כְּדֵי לְקַבֵּל קוֹרָה וַחֲצִי לְבֵנָה:
13 We may make a beam from anything, but not from an asherah, since the width of a beam has a [requisite] measure. And any [requisite] amount is forbidden [to come] from an asherah, whereas the width of a beam is no less than a handbreadth - [though] its thickness is the smallest amount. But it must be sturdy [enough] to hold an ariach which is half a brick of three handbreadths by three handbreadths. And that which holds up the beam must be sturdy [enough] to hold the beam and a half brick.
כַּמָּה יִהְיֶה פֶּתַח הַמָּבוֹי וְיִהְיֶה דַּי לְהַכְשִׁירוֹ בְּלֶחִי אוֹ קוֹרָה. גָּבְהוֹ אֵין פָּחוֹת מֵעֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים וְלֹא יֶתֶר עַל עֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה וְרָחְבּוֹ עַד עֶשֶׂר אַמּוֹת. בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה לוֹ צוּרַת פֶּתַח. אֲבָל אִם הָיָה לוֹ צוּרַת פֶּתַח אֲפִלּוּ הָיָה גָּבוֹהַּ מֵאָה אַמָּה אוֹ פָּחוֹת מֵעֲשָׂרָה אוֹ רֹחַב מֵאָה אַמָּה הֲרֵי זֶה מֻתָּר:
14 How [large] may the entrance of the alley be in order for a post or a beam to be sufficient to render it fit? Its height may not be less than ten handbreadths nor more than twenty ells and its width than ten ells. To what are these words applicable? When it did not have the outline of an entrance. But if it had the outline of an entrance, it is permissible - even if it was higher then a hundred ells or less than ten [handbreadths] or its width was a hundred ells.
וְכֵן אִם הָיָה בְּקוֹרָה שֶׁל מָבוֹי כִּיּוּר וְצִיּוּר עַד שֶׁיִּהְיוּ הַכּל מִסְתַּכְּלִין בָּהּ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִיא לְמַעְלָה מֵעֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה כְּשֵׁרָה. שֶׁהַקּוֹרָה מִשּׁוּם הֶכֵּר עֲשׂוּיָה וְאִם הָיְתָה לְמַעְלָה מֵעֶשְׂרִים אֵינָהּ נִכֶּרֶת וְאִם יֵשׁ בָּהּ צִיּוּר וְכִיּוּר מִסְתַּכְּלִים בָּהּ וְנִמְצָא שָׁם הֶכֵּר:
15 Likewise if the beam of the alley had a relief or a drawing that all would look upon, it is fit even though it is above twenty ells. For a beam is made as a marker; and if it was above twenty, it would not be noticeable. But if there was a relief or a drawing on it, [people] would look upon it - and it would [thereby] come out to be a marker [nevertheless].
מָבוֹי שֶׁהָיָה גָּבְהוֹ מִן הָאָרֶץ עַד קַרְקָעִית קוֹרָה עֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה וָעֳבִי הַקּוֹרָה לְמַעְלָה מֵעֶשְׂרִים כָּשֵׁר. הָיָה גָּבְהוֹ יֶתֶר מֵעֶשְׂרִים וּבָא לְמַעֲטוֹ בַּקּוֹרָה שֶׁמַּנִּיחַ אוֹתָהּ לְמַטָּה צָרִיךְ לִהְיוֹת בְּרָחְבָּהּ טֶפַח כְּקוֹרָה. הָיָה גָּבְהוֹ פָּחוֹת מֵעֲשָׂרָה חוֹקֵק בּוֹ מֶשֶׁךְ אַרְבַּע עַל אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת וּמַעֲמִיק כְּדֵי לְהַשְׁלִימוֹ לַעֲשָׂרָה:
16 An alley the height from the ground to the bottom of the beam of which is twenty ells, but the thickness of the beam is above twenty, is fit [to allow carrying within it. If] it was higher than twenty and one comes to reduce [this] with a beam that he places below, its width must be a handbreadth, like the beam [above]. If its height was less than ten [handbreadths], he may hollow out an area of four by four ells [in the ground] and go downwards enough to complete the ten.
נִפְרַץ בּוֹ פִּרְצָה מִצִּדּוֹ כְּלַפֵּי רֹאשׁוֹ אִם נִשְׁאַר עוֹמֵד בְּרֹאשׁוֹ פַּס רֹחַב אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים מֻתָּר וְהוּא שֶׁלֹּא תִּהְיֶה הַפִּרְצָה יֶתֶר עַל עֶשֶׂר. וְאִם לֹא נִשְׁאַר פַּס אַרְבָּעָה אָסוּר אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן הָיְתָה הַפִּרְצָה פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁכָּל פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה כְּלָבוּד:
17 [In a case when] a breach was made in [the alley's] side towards its head: If a board of four handbreadths remains standing at the head [of the wall that has been breached], it is permissible [to carry]. And that is when the breach is no more than ten [ells]. But if a board of four does not remain, it is forbidden unless the breach was less than three [handbreadths]. As anything less than three is like it is joined [together].
נִפְרַץ הַמָּבוֹי בִּמְלוֹאוֹ לֶחָצֵר וְנִפְרְצָה חָצֵר כְּנֶגְדּוֹ לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים הֲרֵי זֶה אָסוּר מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מָבוֹי מְפֻלָּשׁ. וְהֶחָצֵר מֻתֶּרֶת שֶׁהֶחָצֵר שֶׁרַבִּים בּוֹקְעִין בָּהּ וְנִכְנָסִין בָּזוֹ וְיוֹצְאִין בָּזוֹ הֲרֵי הִיא רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד גְּמוּרָה:
18 [In a case when] the alley is completely breached to a courtyard and the courtyard is breached opposite [the alley] to the public domain, it is surely forbidden because it is an open alley. But the courtyard is permissible. For a courtyard in which the public treads and enter on this [side] and exit on that [side] is surely a full-fledged private domain.
מָבוֹי שֶׁהָיוּ לוֹ שְׁבִילִים מִצַּד זֶה וּשְׁבִילִים מִצַּד אַחֵר שֶׁנִּמְצְאוּ מְפֻלָּשִׁין לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינָן מְכֻוָּנִין זֶה כְּנֶגֶד זֶה הֲרֵי כָּל אֶחָד מֵהֶן מָבוֹי מְפֻלָּשׁ. כֵּיצַד מַכְשִׁירִין אוֹתוֹ. עוֹשֶׂה צוּרַת פֶּתַח לְכָל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד מִן הַשְּׁבִילִים שֶׁבַּצַּד הָאֶחָד. וְכֵן לַפֶּתַח הַגָּדוֹל. וְעוֹשֶׂה לְכָל הַשְּׁבִילִים שֶׁבַּצַּד הַשֵּׁנִי לֶחִי אוֹ קוֹרָה:
19 [In the case of] an alley that has paths on this side and paths on the other side that are found to be open to the public domain: Even though they are not opposite each other, each one is surely an open alley. How can we render [such an alley] fit? One makes the outline of an entrance for each and every one of the paths on one side, and likewise at the large entrance [at the front of the alley]; and he makes a post or a beam for each and every one of the paths on the other side.
מָבוֹי שֶׁצִּדּוֹ אֶחָד אָרֹךְ וְצִדּוֹ הַשֵּׁנִי קָצָר מַנִּיחַ אֶת הַקּוֹרָה כְּנֶגֶד הַקָּצָר. הֶעֱמִיד לֶחִי בַּחֲצִי הַמָּבוֹי הַפְּנִימִי שֶׁהוּא לִפְנִים מִן הַלֶּחִי מֻתָּר לְטַלְטֵל בּוֹ וְהַחֵצִי הַחִיצוֹן שֶׁהוּא חוּץ מִן הַלֶּחִי אָסוּר:
20 [In the case of an] alley one side of which is long and one side of which is short, one places the beam across from [the end of] the short [side. If] one places a post in the middle of an alley: It is permissible to carry in the inner [section] which is from the post inwards; but the outer half - which is from the post outwards - is forbidden.
מָבוֹי שֶׁהוּא רָחָב עֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה עוֹשֶׂה פַּס גָּבוֹהַּ עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים בְּמֶשֶׁךְ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת שֶׁהוּא שִׁעוּר מֶשֶׁךְ הַמָּבוֹי וּמַעֲמִידוֹ בָּאֶמְצַע וְנִמְצָא כִּשְׁנֵי מְבוֹאוֹת שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּפֶתַח כָּל אֶחָד מֵהֶן עֶשֶׂר אַמּוֹת. אוֹ מַרְחִיק שְׁתֵּי אַמּוֹת מִכָּאן וּמַעֲמִיד פַּס שָׁלֹשׁ אַמּוֹת וּמַרְחִיק שְׁתֵּי אַמּוֹת מִכָּאן וּמַעֲמִיד פַּס שָׁלֹשׁ אַמּוֹת מִכָּאן וְנִמְצָא פֶּתַח הַמָּבוֹי עֶשֶׂר אַמּוֹת וְהַצְּדָדִין הֲרֵי הֵן כִּסְתוּמִין שֶׁהֲרֵי עוֹמֵד מְרֻבֶּה עַל הַפָּרוּץ:
21 [In a case of] an alley that is twenty ells wide, one may make a board ten handbreadths high [going back into the alley] a distance of four ells, which is the requisite size of an alley, and place it in the middle; and it comes out to be like two alleys the entrance of each of which is ten ells. Or he can go a distance of two ells from [one end] and put up a board of three ells and go a distance of two ells from [the other end] and put up a board of three ells; and it comes out that the entrance of the alley is ten ells, whereas the sides are surely as if sealed. For what is standing [at the ends] (the three ells) is greater than what is breached (the two ells).
לֶחִי הַבּוֹלֵט מִדָּפְנוֹ שֶׁל מָבוֹי כָּשֵׁר. וְלֶחִי הָעוֹמֵד מֵאֵלָיו אִם סָמְכוּ עָלָיו מִקֹּדֶם הַשַּׁבָּת כָּשֵׁר. וְלֶחִי שֶׁהוּא נִרְאֶה מִבִּפְנִים לֶחִי וּמִבַּחוּץ אֵינוֹ נִרְאֶה לֶחִי. אוֹ שֶׁהָיָה נִרְאֶה מִבַּחוּץ לֶחִי וּמִבִּפְנִים נִרְאֶה שֶׁהוּא שָׁוֶה וּכְאִלּוּ אֵין שָׁם לֶחִי. הֲרֵי זֶה נִדּוֹן מִשּׁוּם לֶחִי. לֶחִי שֶׁהִגְבִּיהוֹ מִן הַקַּרְקַע שְׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים אוֹ שֶׁהִפְלִיגוֹ מִן הַכֹּתֶל שְׁלֹשָׁה לֹא עָשָׂה כְּלוּם. אֲבָל פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים כָּשֵׁר שֶׁכָּל פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה כְּלָבוּד. לֶחִי שֶׁהָיָה רָחָב הַרְבֵּה. בֵּין שֶׁהָיָה רָחְבּוֹ פָּחוֹת מֵחֲצִי רֹחַב הַמָּבוֹי בֵּין שֶׁהָיָה רָחְבּוֹ כַּחֲצִי רֹחַב הַמָּבוֹי כָּשֵׁר וְנִדּוֹן מִשּׁוּם לֶחִי. אֲבָל אִם הָיָה יָתֵר עַל חֲצִי רֹחַב הַמָּבוֹי נִדּוֹן מִשּׁוּם עוֹמֵד מְרֻבֶּה עַל הַפָּרוּץ:
22 A post that extends from the wall of the alley is fit. And a post that was put up for itself (and not to render the alley permissible) is fit if they relied upon it before Shabbat. And a post that appears as a post inside, but does not appear as a post outside; or it appeared as a post outside, but appears flat inside and as if there was no post there - is surely considered to have the status of a post. A post that is raised three handbreadths from the ground or distanced three from the wall does not do anything (is invalid). But [if] less than three, it is fit. As anything less than three is like it is joined [together]. A very wide post - whether its width was less than half the width of the alley or whether its width was half the width of the alley - is fit and considered to have the status of a post. But if it was more than half of the width of the alley, it is considered to have the status of 'more [of the wall] is standing than breached' (and the alley is permissible for that reason).
קוֹרָה שֶׁפֵּרֵס עָלֶיהָ מַחְצֶלֶת הֲרֵי בִּטְּלָהּ שֶׁהֲרֵי אֵינָהּ נִכֶּרֶת. לְפִיכָךְ אִם הָיְתָה הַמַּחְצֶלֶת מְסֻלֶּקֶת מִן הָאָרֶץ שְׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים אוֹ יֶתֶר אֵינָהּ מְחִצָּה. נָעַץ שְׁתֵּי יְתֵדוֹת בִּשְׁנֵי כָּתְלֵי מָבוֹי מִבַּחוּץ וְהִנִּיחַ עֲלֵיהֶן הַקּוֹרָה לֹא עָשָׂה כְּלוּם. שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לִהְיוֹת הַקּוֹרָה עַל גַּבֵּי הַמָּבוֹי לֹא סָמוּךְ לוֹ:
23 [In the case of] a beam over which one draped a mat, [the mat] surely nullifies it, since it is no [longer] recognizable. Hence if the mat was removed three or more handbreadths from the ground, it is not a partition. [If] one planted two pegs into the [ends of the] alley walls outwards and placed a beam on top of them, he has not done anything. For the beam has to be on top of the alley, not near it.
קוֹרָה הַיּוֹצְאָה מִכֹּתֶל זֶה וְאֵינָהּ נוֹגַעַת בַּכֹּתֶל הַשֵּׁנִי וְכֵן שְׁתֵּי קוֹרוֹת אַחַת יוֹצְאָה מִכֹּתֶל זֶה וְאַחַת יוֹצְאָה מִכֹּתֶל זֶה וְאֵינָן מַגִּיעוֹת זוֹ לָזוֹ פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְהָבִיא קוֹרָה אַחֶרֶת. הָיָה בֵּינֵיהֶן שְׁלֹשָׁה צָרִיךְ לְהָבִיא קוֹרָה אַחֶרֶת:
24 [In the case of] a beam that protrudes from [one] wall, but does not touch the second wall; and likewise two beams - one protruding from this wall and the other protruding from that wall - that do not touch each other: If [the gap] is less than three [handbreadths], he need not bring another beam. If [the gap] between them was three, he needs to bring another beam.
וְכֵן שְׁתֵּי קוֹרוֹת הַמַּתְאִימוֹת לֹא בָּזוֹ כְּדֵי לְקַבֵּל אָרִיחַ וְלֹא בָּזוֹ כְּדֵי לְקַבֵּל אָרִיחַ אִם יֵשׁ בִּשְׁתֵּיהֶן כְּדֵי לְקַבֵּל אָרִיחַ אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְהָבִיא קוֹרָה אַחֶרֶת. הָיְתָה אַחַת לְמַטָּה וְאַחַת לְמַעְלָה רוֹאִין אֶת הָעֶלְיוֹנָה כְּאִלּוּ הִיא לְמַטָּה וְהַתַּחְתּוֹנָה כְּאִלּוּ הִיא לְמַעְלָה. וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא תִּהְיֶה עֶלְיוֹנָה לְמַעְלָה מֵעֶשְׂרִים וְלֹא תַּחְתּוֹנָה לְמַטָּה מֵעֲשָׂרָה. וְלֹא יִהְיֶה בֵּינֵיהֶן שְׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים כְּשֶׁרוֹאִין אוֹתָהּ שֶׁיָּרְדָה זוֹ וְעָלְתָה זוֹ בְּכַוָּנָה עַד שֶׁיֵּעָשׂוּ זוֹ בְּצַד זוֹ:
25 Likewise [in a case of] two matching beams [but] there is not enough in this one to hold an ariach and there is not enough in that one to hold an ariach: If there is enough in both of them [together] to hold an ariach, there is no need to bring another beam. [If] one was above and one was below, we look at the top one as if it was below and the bottom one is if it was above (such that they be even) - so long as the top one is not above twenty [ells] and the bottom one is not below ten [handbreadths]; and there not be three handbreadths between them when we see it such that the higher one was lowered and the lower one raised to be even until one was across from the other.
הָיְתָה הַקּוֹרָה עֲקֻמָּה רוֹאִין אוֹתָהּ כְּאִלּוּ הִיא פְּשׁוּטָה. עֲגֻלָּה רוֹאִין אוֹתָהּ כְּאִלּוּ הִיא מְרֻבַּעַת. וְאִם הָיָה בְּהֶקֵפָהּ שְׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים יֵשׁ בָּהּ רֹחַב טֶפַח. הָיְתָה הַקּוֹרָה בְּתוֹךְ הַמָּבוֹי וַעֲקֻמָּה חוּץ לַמָּבוֹי. אוֹ שֶׁהָיְתָה עֲקֻמָּה לְמַעְלָה מֵעֶשְׂרִים אוֹ לְמַטָּה מֵעֲשָׂרָה. רוֹאִין כּל שֶׁאִלּוּ יִנָּטֵל הָעִקּוּם וְיִשָּׁאֲרוּ שְׁנֵי רָאשֶׁיהָ אֵין בֵּין זֶה לָזֶה שְׁלֹשָׁה אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְהָבִיא קוֹרָה אַחֶרֶת. וְאִם לָאו צָרִיךְ לְהָבִיא קוֹרָה אַחֶרֶת:
26 [If] a beam was bent, we look at it as if it was straight; round, we look at it as if it were square. And if there were three handbreadths in its circumference, there is a handbreadth in it width. [If] a beam was within an alley but it bent outside of the alley, or it bent above twenty [ells] or below ten [handbreadths], we look at the whole [beam] as if the bend was removed and [only] its two ends remained - if there was not three [handbreadths] between this [end] and that, he need not bring another beam; but if not, he needs to bring another beam.
בְּאֵר שֶׁעָשָׂה לָהּ שְׁמוֹנָה פַּסִּין מֵאַרְבַּע זָוִיּוֹת שְׁנֵי פַּסִּין דְּבוּקִין בְּכָל זָוִית הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כִּמְחִצָּה. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהַפָּרוּץ מְרֻבֶּה עַל הָעוֹמֵד בְּכָל רוּחַ וָרוּחַ. הוֹאִיל וְאַרְבַּע הַזָּוִיּוֹת עוֹמְדוֹת הֲרֵי זֶה מֻתָּר לְמַלְּאוֹת מִן הַבְּאֵר וּלְהַשְׁקוֹת לִבְהֵמָה. וְכַמָּה יִהְיֶה גֹּבַהּ כָּל פַּס מֵהֶן עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים וְרָחְבּוֹ שִׁשָּׁה טְפָחִים וּבֵין כָּל פַּס לְפַס כִּמְלֹא שְׁתֵּי רִבְקוֹת שֶׁל אַרְבָּעָה אַרְבָּעָה בָּקָר אַחַת נִכְנֶסֶת וְאַחַת יוֹצְאָה. שִׁעוּר רֹחַב זֶה אֵין יֶתֶר עַל שְׁלֹשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה וּשְׁלִישׁ:
27 [In the case of] a well [around] which one made eight boards from the four corners - two boards connected in each corner - they are surely a partition. And even though the breach is larger than what is standing in each and every direction; because the four corners are standing, it is surely permissible to fill [water] from the well and give a beast to drink. And how much is the height of each of these boards? Ten handbreadths. And its width? Six handbreadths. And between every board [in one corner] and board [in the next corner]? Like the fill of two teams of four cattle each, one entering and one exiting. The measure of this width is no larger than thirteen ells and a third.
הָיָה בְּמָקוֹם אֶחָד מִן הַזָּוִיּוֹת אוֹ בְּכָל זָוִית מֵאַרְבַּעְתָּן אֶבֶן גְּדוֹלָה אוֹ אִילָן אוֹ תֵּל הַמִּתְלַקֵּט עֲשָׂרָה מִתּוֹךְ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת אוֹ חֲבִילָה שֶׁל קָנִים. רוֹאִין כּל שֶׁאִלּוּ יֵחָלֵק וְיֵשׁ בּוֹ אַמָּה לְכָאן וְאַמָּה לְכָאן בְּגֹבַהּ עֲשָׂרָה נִדּוֹן מִשּׁוּם זָוִית שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ שְׁנֵי פַּסִּין. חֲמִשָּׁה קָנִים וְאֵין בֵּין זֶה לָזֶה שְׁלֹשָׁה וְיֵשׁ בֵּינֵיהֶן שִׁשָּׁה טְפָחִים לְכָאן וְשִׁשָּׁה טְפָחִים לְכָאן נִדּוֹנִים מִשּׁוּם זָוִית שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ שְׁנֵי פַּסִּין:
28 [In a case] in which in the place of one of the corners or [even] in each corner of these four, there is a large stone, a tree, a mound with an incline of ten [handbreadths] within four ells, or a bundle of reeds - we look to all of it as if it were divided; and so long as there is one ell on this [side] and one ell on that [side] at a height of ten [handbreadths], it is considered to have the status of a corner that has two boards. [In a case of] five reeds and there is not three [handbreadths] between [any of them], but there is [a total] of six handbreadths on this [side] and six handbreadths on [that] side - they are considered to have the status of a corner that has two boards.
מֻתָּר לְהַקְרִיב אַרְבַּע הַזָּוִיּוֹת הָאֵלּוּ לִבְאֵר. וְהוּא שֶׁתִּהְיֶה פָּרָה רֹאשָׁהּ וְרֻבָּה לִפְנִים מִן הַפַּסִּין וְשׁוֹתָה. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא יֹאחַז רֹאשׁ הַבְּהֵמָה עִם הַכְּלִי שֶׁבּוֹ הַמַּיִם הוֹאִיל וְרֹאשָׁהּ וְרֻבָּה בִּפְנִים מֻתָּר אֲפִלּוּ לְגָמָל. הָיוּ קְרוֹבִים יֶתֶר מִזֶּה אָסוּר לְהַשְׁקוֹת מֵהֶן אֲפִלּוּ לִגְדִי שֶׁהוּא כֻּלּוֹ נִכְנָס לִפְנִים. וּמֻתָּר לְהַרְחִיק כָּל שֶׁהוּא וּבִלְבַד שֶׁיַּרְבֶּה בְּפַסִּים פְּשׁוּטִים שֶׁמַּנִּיחִין אוֹתָן בְּכָל רוּחַ וְרוּחַ כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא בֵּין פַּס לַחֲבֵרוֹ יוֹתֵר עַל שְׁלֹשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה וּשְׁלִישׁ:
29 It is permissible to make these four corners close to the well, so long as the head and most of a cow would [fit] inside the boards when it drinks. And even though one [might] not be holding the head of the animal together with the vessel which holds the water (such that he may follow the animal outside of the boards with the vessel) - since the head and most of it is inside, it is permissible even for a camel. [But if] they were closer than this, it is forbidden to water even a goat that is totally inside from it. And it is permissible to make them a little further. But this is so long as one adds straight boards that we place in each and every direction, so that there not be more than thirteen ells and a third between a board and its fellow.
לֹא הִתִּירוּ הַפַּסִּים הָאֵלּוּ אֶלָּא בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל וּלְבֶהֱמַת עוֹלֵי רְגָלִים בִּלְבַד וְהוּא שֶׁיִּהְיֶה בְּאֵר מַיִם חַיִּים שֶׁל רַבִּים. אֲבָל בִּשְׁאָר אֲרָצוֹת אָדָם יֵרֵד לַבְּאֵר וְיִשְׁתֶּה אוֹ יַעֲשֶׂה לוֹ מְחִצָּה מַקֶּפֶת לַבְּאֵר גְּבוֹהָה עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים וְיַעֲמֹד בְּתוֹכָהּ וְיִדְלֶה וְיִשְׁתֶּה. וְאִם הָיָה הַבְּאֵר רָחָב הַרְבֵּה שֶׁאֵין אָדָם יָכוֹל לֵירֵד בּוֹ הֲרֵי זֶה יִדְלֶה וְיִשְׁתֶּה בֵּין הַפַּסִּין:
30 They only allowed these boards in the Land of Israel for the livestock of the festival pilgrims. And it is [limited] to a living public spring. But in other lands, a man must go down to the well and drink, or make a partition with a height of ten handbreadths surrounding the well - and [then] he may stand within it and draw [water] and drink. But if the well was very broad, such that one cannot go down to it, he may surely draw and drink between the boards (the above leniency of the boards would then also apply).
וְכֵן בּוֹר הָרַבִּים וּבְאֵר הַיָּחִיד אֲפִלּוּ בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל אֵין מְמַלְּאִין מֵהֶן אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן עָשׂוּ לָהֶן מְחִצָּה גְּבוֹהָה עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים:
31 Likewise, we may not draw from a public pit of water or a private well (spring) - even in the Land of Israel - unless they made a partition ten handbreadths tall around it.
הַמְמַלֵּא לִבְהֶמְתּוֹ בֵּין הַפַּסִּים מְמַלֵּא וְנוֹתֵן בִּכְלִי לְפָנֶיהָ. וְאִם הָיָה אֵבוּס רֹאשׁוֹ נִכְנָס לְבֵין הַפַּסִּים וְהָיָה גָּבוֹהַּ עֲשָׂרָה וְרָחָב אַרְבָּעָה לֹא יְמַלֵּא וְיִתֵּן לְפָנֶיהָ שֶׁמָּא יִתְקַלְקֵל הָאֵבוּס וְיוֹצִיא הַדְּלִי לָאֵבוּס וּמִן הָאֵבוּס לְקַרְקַע רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים אֶלָּא מְמַלֵּא וְשׁוֹפֵךְ וְהִיא שׁוֹתָה מֵאֵלֶיהָ:
32 [In the case of] one who fills [water] for his animal between the boards, he may place it in a vessel in front of [the animal]. But if there was a manger - the head of which protrudes between the boards and it was ten [handbreadths] tall and four wide - he may not fill [water] and place it in front of it; lest the manger get ruined and he take the pail out to the manger, and from the manger to the floor of the public domain. Rather he fills and pours it [on the ground] and [the animal] drinks on its own.
הַזּוֹרֵק מֵרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים לְבֵין הַפַּסִּין חַיָּב הוֹאִיל וְיֵשׁ בְּכָל זָוִית וְזָוִית מְחִצָּה גְּמוּרָה שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ גֹּבַהּ עֲשָׂרָה וְיוֹתֵר מֵאַרְבָּעָה עַל אַרְבָּעָה וַהֲרֵי הָרִבּוּעַ נִכָּר וְנִרְאֶה וְנַעֲשָׂה כָּל שֶׁבֵּינֵיהֶם רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד. וַאֲפִלּוּ הָיָה בְּבִקְעָה וְאֵין שָׁם בֵּינֵיהֶם בְּאֵר שֶׁהֲרֵי בְּכָל רוּחַ וְרוּחַ פַּס מִכָּאן וּפַס מִכָּאן. וַאֲפִלּוּ הָיוּ רַבִּים בּוֹקְעִין וְעוֹבְרִין בֵּין הַפַּסִּין לֹא בָּטְלוּ הַמְּחִצּוֹת וַהֲרֵי הֵן כַּחֲצֵרוֹת שֶׁהָרַבִּים בּוֹקְעִין בָּהֶן וְהַזּוֹרֵק לְתוֹכָן חַיָּב. וּמֻתָּר לְהַשְׁקוֹת הַבְּהֵמָה בֵּינֵיהֶן אִם הָיָה בֵּינֵיהֶן בְּאֵר:
33 One who throws from a public domain to between the boards is liable. Since there is a full-fledged partition with a height of ten [handbreadths] and more than four by four [handbreadths] and the square is recognizable and visible, everything between them becomes a private domain. And [this is so] even if it was in a glen without a well between them - since there is a board from here and a board from there in every direction. And even [if] the public was treading and passing through the boards, the partitions are not nullified. And they are surely like courtyards, such that the public treads in them - and [yet] one who throws into it is liable. And it is permissible to give an animal to drink between them if there is a well between them.
חָצֵר שֶׁרֹאשָׁהּ אֶחָד נִכְנָס לְבֵין הַפַּסִּין מֻתָּר לְטַלְטֵל מִתּוֹכָהּ לְבֵין הַפַּסִּין וּמִבֵּין הַפַּסִּין לְתוֹכָהּ. הָיוּ שְׁתֵּי חֲצֵרוֹת אֲסוּרִין עַד שֶׁיְּעָרְבוּ. יָבְשׁוּ הַמַּיִם בְּשַׁבָּת אָסוּר לְטַלְטֵל בֵּין הַפַּסִּין שֶׁלֹּא נֶחְשְׁבוּ מְחִצָּה לְטַלְטֵל בְּתוֹכָן אֶלָּא מִשּׁוּם הַמַּיִם. בָּאוּ לוֹ מַיִם בְּשַׁבָּת מֻתָּר לְטַלְטֵל בֵּינֵיהֶן. שֶׁכָּל מְחִצָּה שֶׁנַּעֲשֵׂית בְּשַׁבָּת שְׁמָהּ מְחִצָּה. מָבוֹי שֶׁנִּטְּלָה קוֹרָתוֹ אוֹ לֶחְיוֹ בְּשַׁבָּת אָסוּר לְטַלְטֵל בּוֹ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנִּפְרַץ לְכַרְמְלִית:
34 [In the case of] a courtyard the head of which protrudes between the boards, it is permissible to carry from within it to [the area] between the boards, and from between the boards to within it. [But] if there were two courtyards, they are forbidden until they make an eruv (which renders it all into one domain). [If ]the water dried up on Shabbat, it is forbidden to carry between the boards; as they are only considered a partition to carry within it on account of the water. If water arrived there on Shabbat, it is permissible to carry between them - as any partition formed on Shabbat is [still] called a partition. It is forbidden to carry in an alley, the beam of which or the post of which was taken away on Shabbat - even [when] it is open to a karmelit.
אַכְסַדְרָה בַּבִּקְעָה מֻתָּר לְטַלְטֵל בְּכֻלָּהּ וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִיא בַּת שָׁלֹשׁ מְחִצּוֹת וְתִקְרָה. שֶׁאָנוּ רוֹאִין כְּאִלּוּ פִּי תִּקְרָה יוֹרֵד וְסוֹתֵם רוּחַ רְבִיעִית. וְהַזּוֹרֵק מֵרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים לְתוֹכָהּ פָּטוּר כְּזוֹרֵק לְמָבוֹי סָתוּם שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ קוֹרָה. בַּיִת אוֹ חָצֵר שֶׁנִּפְרַץ קֶרֶן זָוִית שֶׁלָּהּ בְּעֶשֶׂר אַמּוֹת הֲרֵי זֶה אָסוּר לְטַלְטֵל בְּכֻלּוֹ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁכָּל פִּרְצָה שֶׁהִיא עַד עֶשֶׂר אַמּוֹת כְּפֶתַח. אֵין עוֹשִׂין פֶּתַח בְּקֶרֶן זָוִית. וְאִם הָיְתָה שָׁם קוֹרָה מִלְּמַעְלָה עַל אֹרֶךְ הַפִּרְצָה רוֹאִין אוֹתָהּ שֶׁיָּרְדָה וְסָתְמָה וּמֻתָּר לְטַלְטֵל בְּכֻלּוֹ וְהוּא שֶׁלֹּא תִּהְיֶה בַּאֲלַכְסוֹן:
35 It is permitted to carry throughout a veranda in a glen - even though it [only] has three partitions and a roof. For we see it as if the edge of the roof descends and seals the fourth direction. And one who throws from a public domain into it is exempt - just as one who throws into a closed lane that has a roof. [In the case of] a house or courtyard the corner of which is breached across ten ells, it is surely forbidden to carry in all of it. Even though any breach up to ten ells is like an entrance [and so, permissible], we do not make an entrance in a corner. But if there was a beam above there - over the length of the breach - we see it as if it descended and sealed it; so it is permitted to carry in the whole thing. And this is so long as [the beam] is not diagonal.
הָאֶצְבַּע שֶׁמְּשַׁעֲרִין בָּהּ בְּכָל מָקוֹם הִיא רֹחַב הַגּוּדָל שֶׁל יָד. וְהַטֶּפַח אַרְבַּע אֶצְבָּעוֹת. וְכָל אַמָּה הָאֲמוּרָה בְּכָל מָקוֹם בֵּין בְּשַׁבָּת בֵּין בְּסֻכָּה וְכִלְאַיִם הִיא אַמָּה בַּת שִׁשָּׁה טְפָחִים. וּפְעָמִים מְשַׁעֲרִין בְּאַמָּה בַּת שִׁשָּׁה טְפָחִים דְּחוּקוֹת זוֹ לְזוֹ. וּפְעָמִים מְשַׁעֲרִין בְּאַמָּה בַּת שִׁשָּׁה שׂוֹחֲקוֹת וְרוֹוְחוֹת וְזֶה וָזֶה לְהַחֲמִיר. כֵּיצַד. מֶשֶׁךְ מָבוֹי בְּאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת שׂוֹחֲקוֹת וְגָבְהוֹ עֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה עֲצֵבוֹת. רֹחַב הַפִּרְצָה עֶשֶׂר אַמּוֹת עֲצֵבוֹת. וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן לְעִנְיַן סֻכָּה וְכִלְאַיִם:
36 The fingerbreadth that we measure with in every place is the width of the thumb of the hand. And a handbreadth is four fingerbreadths. And every ell mentioned in every place - whether regarding Shabbat or regarding a sukkah or forbidden mixtures - is an ell of six handbreadths. Sometimes we measure with an ell of six handbreadths pushing against each other; and sometimes we measure with an ell of six handbreadths that are expansive and spaced out. And this and that are to be stringent. How is that? The depth of an alley is four expansive ells, but its height is twenty narrow ells; the width of a breach is ten narrow ells. And it is similar to [these examples] concerning a sukkah and forbidden mixtures.