Sales Chapter 25

הַמּוֹכֵר דָּבָר שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ תַּשְׁמִישִׁין לֹא מָכַר אֶת הַתַּשְׁמִישִׁין אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן פֵּרֵשׁ. כֵּיצַד. מָכַר אֶת הַבַּיִת לֹא מָכַר אֶת הַיָּצִיעַ שֶׁסְּבִיבוֹת הַבַּיִת אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא פָּתוּחַ לְתוֹכוֹ. בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים כְּשֶׁהָיָה רֹחַב הַיָּצִיעַ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת אוֹ יֶתֶר. אֲבָל פָּחוֹת מִזֶּה הֲרֵי הוּא בִּכְלַל הַבַּיִת. וְכֵן הָעֲלִיָּה שֶׁעַל גַּבֵּי הַבַּיִת הַפְּתוּחָה לְתוֹכוֹ בָּאֲרֻבָּה בְּמֵעֲזִיבַת הַבַּיִת הֲרֵי הוּא בִּכְלַל הַבַּיִת:

When a person sells an entity that has appurtenances, he is not including the appurtenances in the sale unless that is explicitly stated. What is implied? If a person sold a house, he did not sell the patio around the house, even though it opens to the house. When does the above apply? When the patio is four cubits or more wide. If it is smaller than this, it is considered to be part of the house. Similarly, a loft that is above a house and that opens up to it through an opening in the ceiling of the house is considered to be part of the house.

הַמּוֹכֵר אֶת הַבַּיִת לֹא מָכַר אֶת הַחֶדֶר שֶׁלְּפָנִים מִמֶּנּוּ. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמֵּצֵר לוֹ מְצָרִים הַחִיצוֹנִים. וְלֹא אֶת הַגַּג בִּזְמַן שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ מַעֲקֵה עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים וְיֵשׁ בּוֹ רֹחַב אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת. וְלֹא אֶת הַבּוֹר הֶחָפוּר בַּקַּרְקַע וְלֹא אֶת הַדּוּת הַבָּנוּי בַּבּוֹר אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמָּכַר לוֹ הָעֹמֶק וְהָרוּם כְּמוֹ שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ:

When a person sells a house, he is not including a room that is located behind the house in the sale. This applies even when it is included in the external borders of the property that the seller draws for the purchaser. Nor does the sale include the roof if it is four cubits wide and possesses a guardrail that is ten handbreadths high. Nor does it include a water receptacle hollowed out in the ground or a cistern that is built within a pit projecting above the ground. This applies even when he sold him the height and the depth of the property, as we have explained above.

וְצָרִיךְ הַמּוֹכֵר לִקְנוֹת לוֹ דֶּרֶךְ מִן הַלּוֹקֵחַ כְּדֵי לְהִכָּנֵס בְּבוֹר זֶה אוֹ לַדּוּת שֶׁשִּׁיֵּר. שֶׁכָּל הַמּוֹכֵר בְּעַיִן יָפָה מוֹכֵר. וְאִם אָמַר לוֹ מָכַרְתִּי לְךָ הַבַּיִת חוּץ מִן הַבּוֹר אוֹ הַדּוּת אֵין צָרִיךְ לִקְנוֹת לוֹ דֶּרֶךְ. וְכֵן הַמּוֹכֵר בּוֹר אוֹ דּוּת בִּלְבַד אֵין הַלּוֹקֵחַ צָרִיךְ לִקְנוֹת לוֹ דֶּרֶךְ אֶלָּא נִכְנָס לְתוֹךְ בֵּיתוֹ שֶׁל מוֹכֵר עַד הַדּוּת וּמְמַלֵּא:

The seller must purchase a path from the purchaser in order to gain access to the water receptacle or the cistern that he retained. For when a person sells property, he sells generously. If at the time of the original sale, the seller tells the purchaser: "I am selling you the house with the exception of the water receptacle or the cistern," he does not have to buy a path to the cistern. Similarly, when a person purchases a water receptacle or a cistern alone, the purchaser does not have to purchase a path. Instead, he may enter the seller's house and proceed as far as the cistern and fill his container.

שְׁנֵי בָּתִּים זֶה לְפָנִים מִזֶּה. מָכַר שְׁנֵיהֶם לִשְׁנַיִם אוֹ נָתַן שְׁנֵיהֶם לִשְׁנַיִם אֵין לָהֶם דֶּרֶךְ זֶה עַל זֶה. וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר אִם נָתַן הַחִיצוֹן וּמָכַר הַפְּנִימִי. אֲבָל אִם מָכַר הַחִיצוֹן וְנָתַן הַפְּנִימִי יֵשׁ לוֹ דֶּרֶךְ שֶׁכָּל הַנּוֹתֵן בְּעַיִן יָפָה נוֹתֵן יוֹתֵר מִן הַמּוֹכֵר:

The following rules apply when there are two rooms, one inside the other: If one sold them to two separate people or gave them to two separate people, neither of the recipients has the right to make a path through the other's property. Needless to say, this applies if the original owner gave the external room away and sold the inner one. If, however, he sold the outer room and gave away the inner room, the recipient of the inner room has the right to make a path for himself through the outer room. The rationale is that a person is more generous when he gives than when he sells.

הַמּוֹכֵר אֶת הַבַּיִת מָכַר אֶת הַתַּנּוּר וְאֶת הַכִּירַיִם וְאֶת מַלְבְּנוֹת הַפְּתָחִים הַמְחֻבָּרִין בְּטִיט וְאֶת הַדֶּלֶת וְאֶת הַנֶּגֶר וְאֶת הַמַּנְעוּל אֲבָל לֹא הַמַּפְתֵּחַ. וּמָכַר אֶת הַמַּכְתֶּשֶׁת הַקְּבוּעָה אֲבָל לֹא אֶת הַמִּטַלְטֶּלֶת. וּמָכַר אֶת הָאִיצְטְרוֹבִיל אֲבָל לֹא אֶת הַכְּלִי שֶׁהַקֶּמַח יוֹרֵד לְתוֹכוֹ שֶׁהוּא כְּמוֹ כְּפִיפָה שֶׁל עֵץ. וְלֹא מָכַר אֶת מַלְבְּנוֹת כִּרְעֵי הַמִּטָּה וְלֹא אֶת מַלְבְּנוֹת הַחַלּוֹנוֹת אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהֵן מְחֻבָּרִין בְּטִיט מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן לְנוֹי. וּבִזְמַן שֶׁאָמַר הוּא וְכָל מַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכוֹ הֲרֵי כֻּלָּן מְכוּרִין:

When a person sells a house, he also sells the oven, the range, the door frames that are attached with mortar, the door, the beam, the lock, but not the key. He also sells a mill that is permanently affixed in the ground, but not one that is movable. He sells the wooden base on which a mill is positioned, but not the container into which the flour descends. Nor does he sell the blocks for the feet of a bed, nor the window frames, even though they are affixed with mortar, for they are intended for decoration. When the seller says that he is selling the house and all its contents, all of the above are also sold.

הַמּוֹכֵר אֶת הֶחָצֵר מָכַר בּוֹרוֹת שִׁיחִין וּמְעָרוֹת שֶׁבְּתוֹכָהּ. וְכָל הַבָּתִּים הַחִיצוֹנִים וְהַפְּנִימִים וּבָתִּים שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶן הַחל וְהַחֲנֻיּוֹת הַפְּתוּחוֹת לְתוֹכָהּ. אֲבָל שֶׁאֵינָן פְּתוּחוֹת לְתוֹכָהּ אֵינָם נִמְכָּרִים עִמָּהּ. הָיוּ פְּתוּחוֹת לְכָאן וּלְכָאן אִם רֹב תַּשְׁמִישָׁן לְתוֹכָהּ נִמְכָּרוֹת עִמָּהּ וְאִם לָאו אֵינָן נִמְכָּרוֹת עִמָּהּ. וְלֹא מָכַר אֶת הַמִּטַּלְטְלִין שֶׁבְּתוֹכָהּ. וּבַזְּמַן שֶׁאָמַר הִיא וְכָל מַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכָהּ הֲרֵי כֻּלָּם מְכוּרִין. בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ לֹא מָכַר אֶת הַמֶּרְחָץ וְלֹא בֵּית הַבַּד שֶׁבְּתוֹכָהּ:

When a person sells a courtyard, he includes in the sale any water reservoirs, vaults or cellars that are located in it, all the outer and inner buildings, the buildings that contain sand and the stores that open to it. The stores that do not open to it, by contrast, are not included in the sale. If stores open both inside and outside the courtyard the following rules apply. If the majority of the activity performed within them is performed within the courtyard, they are included in its sale. If not, they are not included in the sale. Movable property located in the courtyard is not included in the sale. When the seller says that he is selling the courtyard and all its contents, all of the above are also sold. Regardless of what he said, a bathhouse or an olive press located within are not sold.

הַמּוֹכֵר אֶת בֵּית הַבַּד מָכַר אֶת הָאֶבֶן הַגְּדוֹלָה הַבְּנוּיָה בָּאָרֶץ שֶׁטּוֹחֲנִים עָלֶיהָ זֵיתִים. וְאֶת הַכְּלֻנְסָאוֹת שֶׁל אֶרֶז שֶׁסּוֹמְכִין בָּהֶן בְּעֵת טְחִינַת הַזֵּיתִים. וְאֶת הַיְקָבִים וְאֶת הַכֵּלִים שֶׁנּוֹתְנִין בָּהֶן אֶת הַזֵּיתִים הַכְּתוּשִׁין וְהֵם הַמְפָרְכוֹת. אֲבָל לֹא מָכַר אֶת הָרֵחָיִם הָעֶלְיוֹנָה. וּבִזְמַן שֶׁאָמַר הוּא וְכָל מַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכוֹ הֲרֵי כֻּלָּן מְכוּרִין. בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ לֹא מָכַר אֶת הַכּוֹבְשִׁין שֶׁמְּכַבְּשִׁין בָּהֶן הַזֵּיתִים וְלֹא אֶת הַגַּלְגַּל וְלֹא אֶת הַקּוֹרָה וְלֹא אֶת הַשַּׂקִּין וְלֹא אֶת הַמַּרְצוּפִין:

When a person sells an olive press, he includes in the sale the large stone that is affixed in the ground, upon which the olives are ground, the cedar beams that are used for support when the olives are being ground, the storage reservoirs and the storage containers in which the crushed olives are placed. These are called mafrechot. Not included in the sale is the upper millstone. When the seller says that he is selling the olive press and all its contents, all of the above are also sold. Regardless of what he said, the blocks that are used to press the olives, the apparatus that rotates the stone, the beam, the sacks and the leather sacks used in the press are not sold.

אָמַר לוֹ בֵּית הַבַּד וְכָל תַּשְׁמִישָׁיו אֲנִי מוֹכֵר לְךָ כֻּלָּן מְכוּרִין. הָיוּ חוּצָה לָהּ חֲנֻיּוֹת שֶׁשּׁוֹטְחִים בָּהֶן הַזֵּיתִים אוֹ הַשֻּׁמְשְׁמִין. אִם מֵצֵר לוֹ מְצָרִים הַחִיצוֹנִים שֶׁלָּהֶן קָנָה הַכּל. וְאִם לָאו לֹא קָנָה אֶלָּא מַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכָהּ:

When the seller says: "I am selling you an olive press and all its accessories," all of the above are sold. The following rules apply if there are stores outside the olive press where olives or sesame seeds are spread out. If when the seller drew the external boundaries, he included these, they are all included in the sale. If not, the purchaser acquires only what is inside the building of the press itself.

המוֹכֵר אֶת הַמֶּרְחָץ מָכַר אֶת בֵּית הַנְּסָרִים שֶׁיּוֹשְׁבִין עֲלֵיהֶן כְּשֶׁהֵן עֲרֻמִּים. וְאֶת בֵּית הַיְקָמִים שֶׁנּוֹטְלִין בָּהֶן הַמַּיִם. וְאֶת בֵּית הַסַּפְסָלִין שֶׁיּוֹשְׁבִין עֲלֵיהֶן בַּחֲצַר הַמֶּרְחָץ כְּשֶׁהֵן לְבוּשִׁים. וְאֶת בֵּית הַוִּילָאוֹת שֶׁמִּסְתַּפְּגִין בָּהֶן. אֲבָל לֹא מָכַר אֶת הַנְּסָרִים עַצְמָן וְאֶת הַיְּקָמִים עַצְמָן וְלֹא אֶת הַסַּפְסָלִין עַצְמָן וְלֹא אֶת בֵּית הַוִּילָאוֹת עַצְמָן. וּבִזְמַן שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ הוּא וְכָל מַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכוֹ הֲרֵי כֻּלָּן מְכוּרִין. בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ לֹא מָכַר הַבְּרֵכוֹת הַמְסַפְּקוֹת לוֹ מַיִם בֵּין בִּימוֹת הַחַמָּה בֵּין בִּימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים. וְלֹא בֵּית כִּנּוּס הָעֵצִים. וְאִם אָמַר לוֹ מֶרְחָץ וְכָל תַּשְׁמִישָׁיו אֲנִי מוֹכֵר לְךָ הֲרֵי הֵן כֻּלָּן מְכוּרִין אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהֵן חוּצָה לוֹ:

When a person sells a bathhouse, included in the sale is the plank room where people sit while they are naked, the storehouse for the containers in which water is placed, the room where there are benches in the courtyard of the bathhouse where people sit when they are clothed, and the towel room in which they dry themselves. Not included in the sale are the planks, the water containers, the benches or the towels themselves. When the seller says that he is selling [the bathhouse] and all its contents, all of the above are also sold. Regardless of what he said, he did not include in the sale the pools that provide water for the bathhouse in the summer and in the winter, nor the lumber shed where wood is stored. When the seller says: "I am selling you a bathhouse and all its accessories," all of the above are sold, even though they are located outside [the bathhouse itself.)"