Shofar, Sukkah and Lulav Chapter 8

אַרְבַעַת מִינִין הָאֵלּוּ שֶׁהֵן לוּלָב וַהֲדַס וַעֲרָבָה וְאֶתְרוֹג שֶׁהָיָה אֶחָד מֵהֶן יָבֵשׁ אוֹ גָּזוּל אוֹ גָּנוּב אֲפִלּוּ לְאַחַר יֵאוּשׁ אוֹ שֶׁיִּהְיֶה מֵאֲשֵׁרָה הַנֶּעֱבֶדֶת אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁבִּטְּלוּ הָאֲשֵׁרָה מִלְּעָבְדָהּ. אוֹ שֶׁהָיָה שֶׁל עִיר הַנִּדַּחַת. הֲרֵי זֶה פָּסוּל. הָיָה אֶחָד מֵהֶן שֶׁל עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים לֹא יִטּל לְכַתְּחִלָּה וְאִם נָטַל יָצָא. הָיָה כָּמוּשׁ וְלֹא גָּמַר לִיבַשׁ כָּשֵׁר. וּבִשְׁעַת הַדְּחָק אוֹ בִּשְׁעַת הַסַּכָּנָה לוּלָב הַיָּבֵשׁ כָּשֵׁר אֲבָל לֹא שְׁאָר הַמִּינִין:

[These are the rules governing] the four species: the lulav, the myrtle, the willow, and the etrog. If one of them was: a) dried out, b) taken by force or stolen, even after [the owner had] despaired of its recovery, c) came from an ashera that has been worshiped, even though the worship of the ashera has already been nullified, d) or it came from an apostate city it is not acceptable. If one of them belonged to an idolater: at the outset, it should not be taken. If it was taken, the person has fulfilled his obligation. If [one of the species] was wilting, but had not dried out entirely, it is kosher. In extreme situations or in a time of danger, a dried out lulav is kosher. However, [this does not apply] to the other species.

אֶתְרוֹג שֶׁל עָרְלָה וְשֶׁל תְּרוּמָה טְמֵאָה וְשֶׁל טֶבֶל פָּסוּל. שֶׁל דְּמַאי כָּשֵׁר שֶׁאֶפְשָׁר שֶׁיַּפְקִיר נְכָסָיו וְיִהְיֶה עָנִי שֶׁמֻּתָּר לוֹ לֶאֱכל דְּמַאי. אֶתְרוֹג שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה טְהוֹרָה וְשֶׁל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם לֹא יִטּל שֶׁמָּא יַכְשִׁירוֹ לְטֻמְאָה. וְאִם נָטַל כָּשֵׁר:

An etrog of orlah, of impure terumah, and of tevel is unacceptable. [An etrog] of d'mai is permitted, for it is possible for a person to declare all of his property as ownerless. Thus, he will be a poor man who is permitted to eat d'mai. An etrog of pure terumah and of ma'aser sheni in Jerusalem should not be taken, lest one cause it to become susceptible to contracting ritual impurity. However, if it was taken, it is kosher.

לוּלָב שֶׁנִּקְטַם רֹאשׁוֹ פָּסוּל. נִסְדַּק אִם נִתְרַחֲקוּ שְׁנֵי סְדָקָיו זֶה מִזֶּה עַד שֶׁיֵּרָאוּ כִּשְׁנַיִם פָּסוּל. הָיָה עָקוּם לְפָנָיו שֶׁהֲרֵי שְׁדֵרוֹ כְּגַב בַּעַל חֲטוֹטֶרֶת פָּסוּל. הָיָה עָקוּם לַאֲחוֹרָיו כָּשֵׁר שֶׁזּוֹ הִיא בְּרִיָּתוֹ. נֶעֱקַם לְאֶחָד מִצְּדָדָיו פָּסוּל. נִפְרְדוּ עָלָיו זֶה מֵעַל זֶה וְלֹא נִדַּלְדְּלוּ כַּעֲלֵי הַחֲרָיוֹת כָּשֵׁר. נִפְרְצוּ עָלָיו וְהוּא שֶׁיִּדַּלְדְּלוּ מִשְּׁדֵרוֹ שֶׁל לוּלָב כַּעֲלֵי הַחֲרָיוֹת פָּסוּל:

A lulav whose tip becomes cut off is unacceptable. Should it become split to the extent that the two sides of the split become severed and appear to be two, it is unacceptable. If it is bent forward so that its shidrah appears like a hunchback, it is unacceptable. If it is bent backwards, it is kosher, since that is its natural pattern of growth. If it is bent toward either side, it is unacceptable. If its leaves have separated one from the other, but they have not begun to hang downward like the top of a date palm, it is kosher. However, if its leaves have burst open and they hang down from the shidrah as does the top of the date palm, it is unacceptable.

בְּרִיַּת עָלִין שֶׁל לוּלָב כָּךְ הִיא. כְּשֶׁהֵם גְּדֵלִין גְּדֵלִין שְׁנַיִם שְׁנַיִם וּדְבוּקִין מִגַּבָּן וְגַב כָּל שְׁנֵי עָלִין הַדְּבוּקִין הוּא הַנִּקְרָא תְּיֹמֶת. נֶחְלְקָה הַתְּיֹמֶת פָּסוּל. הָיוּ עָלָיו אַחַת אַחַת מִתְּחִלַּת בְּרִיָּתוֹ ולֹא הָיָה לָהֶם תְּיֹמֶת פָּסוּל. לֹא הָיוּ עָלָיו זֶה עַל גַּב זֶה כְּדֶרֶךְ כָּל הַלּוּלָבִין אֶלָּא זֶה תַּחַת זֶה אִם רֹאשׁ זֶה מַגִּיעַ לָעִקָּר שֶׁלְּמַעְלָה מִמֶּנּוּ עַד שֶׁנִּמְצָא כָּל שְׁדֵרוֹ שֶׁל לוּלָב מְכֻסֶּה בְּעָלִין כָּשֵׁר. וְאִם אֵין רֹאשׁוֹ שֶׁל זֶה מַגִּיעַ לְצַד עִקָּרוֹ שֶׁל זֶה פָּסוּל:

The natural pattern of growth of the leaves of the lulav is that two grow in pairs, connected at their back. The back of each pair of connected leaves is called the tiyomet. If the tiyomet is split, it unacceptable. Should a lulav's leaves grow individually from the beginning of its formation without having a tiyomet, it is unacceptable. When a lulav's leaves do not grow on top of the other like all lulavim, but rather one below the other, [the following rules apply:] If the top [of the lower leaf] reaches the base of the one above it so that the entire shidrah of the lulav is covered with leaves, it is kosher. If the top [of the lower leaf] does not reach the base of the one above it, it is unacceptable.

הֲדַס שֶׁנִּקְטַם רֹאשׁוֹ כָּשֵׁר. נָשְׁרוּ רֹב עָלָיו אִם נִשְׁתַּיְּרוּ שְׁלֹשָׁה עָלִין בְּקֵן אֶחָד כָּשֵׁר. הָיוּ עֲנָבָיו מְרֻבּוֹת מֵעָלָיו אִם יְרֻקּוֹת כָּשֵׁר וְאִם אֲדֻמּוֹת אוֹ שְׁחוֹרוֹת פָּסוּל. וְאִם מִעֲטָן כָּשֵׁר. וְאֵין מְמַעֲטִין אוֹתָן בְּיוֹם טוֹב לְפִי שֶׁהוּא כִּמְתַקֵּן. עָבַר וְלִקְּטָן אוֹ שֶׁלִּקְּטָן אֶחָד אֶחָד לַאֲכִילָה הֲרֵי זֶה כָּשֵׁר:

A myrtle branch whose top is cut off is acceptable. Even though most of its leaves have fallen off, it is kosher, provided three leaves remain in one row. When there are more berries than leaves, [the following rules apply:] If they are green, it is kosher. If they are red or black, it is not acceptable. If one reduced their number, it is acceptable. We may not reduce their number on the holiday itself, because [by doing so, one] makes [the myrtle] fit for use. If one transgressed and removed them or removed them one by one to eat them, it is kosher.

עֲרָבָה שֶׁנִּקְטַם רֹאשָׁהּ כְּשֵׁרָה. נִפְרְצוּ עָלֶיהָ פְּסוּלָה:

A willow branch whose top is cut off is kosher. If its leaves have burst open, it is not acceptable.

אֶתְרוֹג שֶׁנִּקַּב נֶקֶב מְפֻלָּשׁ כָּל שֶׁהוּא פָּסוּל. וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ מְפֻלָּשׁ אִם הָיָה כְּאִיסָר אוֹ יֶתֶר פָּסוּל. חָסֵר כָּל שֶׁהוּא פָּסוּל. נִטַּל דָּדוֹ וְהוּא הָרֹאשׁ הַקָּטָן שֶׁשּׁוֹשַׁנְתּוֹ בּוֹ פָּסוּל. נִטַּל הָעֵץ שֶׁהוּא תָּלוּי בּוֹ בָּאִילָן מֵעִקַּר הָאֶתְרוֹג וְנִשְׁאַר מְקוֹמוֹ גּוּמָא פָּסוּל. עָלְתָה חֲזָזִית עָלָיו אִם בִּשְׁנַיִם וּשְׁלֹשָׁה מְקוֹמוֹת פָּסוּל. וְאִם בְּמָקוֹם אֶחָד אִם עָלְתָה עַל רֻבּוֹ פָּסוּל. וְאִם עַל דָּדוֹ וַאֲפִלּוּ כָּל שֶׁהוּא פָּסוּל. נִקְלַף הַקְּרוּם הַחִיצוֹנָה שֶׁלּוֹ שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְחַסְּרוֹ אֶלָּא נִשְׁאָר יָרֹק כְּמוֹת שֶׁהִיא בְּרִיָּתוֹ אִם נִקְלַף כֻּלּוֹ פָּסוּל וְאִם נִשְׁאַר מִמֶּנּוּ כָּל שֶׁהוּא כָּשֵׁר:

If an etrog is perforated from side to side - no matter how small the hole is - it is not acceptable. When [the hole] does not go from side to side, if it is the size of an isar or more, [the etrog] is not acceptable. If [a hole was made in an etrog which caused] even the slightest amount [of the etrog] to be missing, [the etrog] is not acceptable. If its pitam - i.e., the small protrusion from which its flower grows - was removed, it is not acceptable. [Similarly,] if the stem from which it hangs from the tree is removed from the etrog itself and a hole is left, it is not acceptable. If it becomes covered with bumps in two or three places, it is not acceptable. Even if it is covered with bumps in only one place, if that place covers the majority of the etrog's surface area, it is not acceptable. [Similarly,] if a bump grows on even the slightest portion of the pitam, it is not acceptable. If its peel is removed without causing [the etrog] to lose any substance and it remains greenish yellow as in its natural state, [the following rules apply:] If the peel was entirely removed, it is not acceptable. If even the slightest portion of the original peel remains, it is kosher.

אֶתְרוֹג שֶׁהוּא תָּפוּחַ סָרוּחַ כָּבוּשׁ שָׁלוּק שָׁחֹר לָבָן מְנֻמָּר יָרֹק כְּכַרְתִּי פָּסוּל. גִּדְּלוֹ בִּדְפוּס וְעָשָׂהוּ כְּמִין בְּרִיָּה אַחֶרֶת פָּסוּל. עָשָׂהוּ כְּמִין בְּרִיָּתוֹ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁעָשָׂהוּ דַּפִּין דַּפִּין כָּשֵׁר. הַתִּיוֹם וְהַבֹּסֶר כָּשֵׁר. מָקוֹם שֶׁהָאֶתְרוֹגִין שֶׁלָּהֶם כְּעֵין שַׁחֲרוּת מְעוּטָה כְּשֵׁרִין. וְאִם הָיוּ שְׁחוֹרִים בְּיוֹתֵר כְּאָדָם כּוּשִׁי הֲרֵי זֶה פָּסוּל בְּכָל מָקוֹם:

An etrog which is inflated, decaying, pickled, cooked, black, white, spotted, or green like a leek is unacceptable. If it was grown in a mold and shaped into the form of another creation, it is unacceptable. If its natural form was preserved, even though it was shaped in different layers, it is kosher. Two etrogim that grow joined together, and an unripe etrog are kosher. In places where the etrogim grow naturally with a slight black tinge, it is kosher. However, if [the etrogim] are very black - i.e., like a Kushite - they are unacceptable everywhere.

כָּל אֵלּוּ שֶׁאָמַרְנוּ שֶׁהֵם פְּסוּלִין מִפְּנֵי מוּמִין שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ אוֹ מִפְּנֵי גֵּזֶל וּגְנֵבָה בְּיוֹם טוֹב רִאשׁוֹן בִּלְבַד אֲבָל בְּיוֹם טוֹב שֵׁנִי עִם שְׁאָר הַיָּמִים הַכּל כָּשֵׁר. וְהַפַּסְלָנוּת שֶׁהוּא מִשּׁוּם עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים אוֹ מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאוֹתוֹ אֶתְרוֹג אָסוּר בַּאֲכִילָה בֵּין בְּיוֹם טוֹב רִאשׁוֹן בֵּין בִּשְׁאָר יָמִים פָּסוּל:

All the species which we categorized as unacceptable because of the blemishes we described or because they were stolen or taken by force are [disqualified for use] only on the first day of the festival. On the second day of the festival and on the other days, they are all kosher. Those which are disqualified because of the association with idol worship or because the etrog is forbidden to be eaten are unacceptable both on the first day and on the later days.

אֵין אָדָם יוֹצֵא בְּיוֹם טוֹב רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל חַג בְּלוּלָבוֹ שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ שֶׁיִּשְׁאָלֶנּוּ מִמֶּנּוּ עַד שֶׁיִּתְּנֶנּוּ לוֹ בְּמַתָּנָה. נְתָנוֹ לוֹ עַל מְנָת לְהַחֲזִירוֹ הֲרֵי זֶה יוֹצֵא בּוֹ יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ וּמַחֲזִירוֹ. שֶׁמַּתָּנָה עַל מְנָת לְהַחֲזִיר שְׁמָהּ מַתָּנָה. וְאִם לֹא הֶחְזִירוֹ לֹא יָצָא שֶׁנִּמְצָא כְּגָזוּל. וְאֵין נוֹתְנִין אוֹתוֹ לְקָטָן שֶׁהַקָּטָן קוֹנֶה וְאֵינוֹ מַקְנֶה לַאֲחֵרִים מִן הַתּוֹרָה וְנִמְצָא שֶׁאִם הֶחְזִירוֹ לוֹ אֵינוֹ חוֹזֵר. וְאֶחָד הַלּוּלָב וְאֶחָד כָּל מִין וָמִין מֵאַרְבַּע מִינִין שֶׁבּוֹ אִם הָיָה אֶחָד מֵהֶן שָׁאוּל אֵין יוֹצְאִין בּוֹ בְּיוֹם טוֹב רִאשׁוֹן:

On the first day of the festival, a person cannot fulfill his obligation by using a lulav that belongs to a colleague and was borrowed from him, unless the latter gives it to him as a present. If [the owner of the lulav] gives it to him as a present on the condition that he return it, he may fulfill his obligation with it and return it, because a present given on condition that it be returned is considered a present. If he does not return it, he does not fulfill his obligation, because it is as though it were stolen. [On the first day,] a lulav should not be given to a minor, since, according to Torah law, a minor can acquire articles but cannot transfer them to others. Thus, [the minor's] return of the article is not considered to be a return [from a legal perspective]. The above applies to the lulav and to each of the other species of the four taken with it. If one of them was borrowed, the person does not fulfill his obligation on the first day of the festival.

שֻׁתָּפִין שֶׁקָּנוּ לוּלָב אוֹ אֶתְרוֹג בְּשֻׁתָּפוּת אֵין אֶחָד מֵהֶן יוֹצֵא בּוֹ יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ בָּרִאשׁוֹן עַד שֶׁיִּתֵּן לוֹ חֶלְקוֹ בְּמַתָּנָה. הָאַחִין שֶׁקָּנוּ אֶתְרוֹגִין מִתְּפִיסַת הַבַּיִת וְנָטַל אֶחָד מֵהֶן אֶתְרוֹג וְיָצָא בּוֹ. אִם יָכוֹל לְאָכְלוֹ וְאֵין הָאַחִין מַקְפִּידִין בְּכָךְ יָצָא. וְאִם הָיוּ מַקְפִּידִין לֹא יָצָא עַד שֶׁיִּתְּנוּ לוֹ חֶלְקָם בְּמַתָּנָה. וְאִם קָנָה זֶה אֶתְרוֹג וְזֶה פָּרִישׁ אוֹ שֶׁקָּנוּ כְּאֶחָד אֶתְרוֹג וְרִמּוֹן וּפָרִישׁ מִתְּפִיסַת הַבַּיִת אֵינוֹ יוֹצֵא בָּאֶתְרוֹג עַד שֶׁיִּתֵּן לוֹ חֶלְקוֹ בְּמַתָּנָה וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאִם אֲכָלוֹ אֵין מַקְפִּידִין עָלָיו:

If partners bought a Lulav or Etrog together, neither of them can fulfill the Mitzva on the first day until the other gives him his portion as a gift. If brothers bought multiple Etrogs with money from a shared estate and one brother took one etrog on the first day, he has fulfilled his obligation. However if they keep accounts of the estate money he has not fulfilled his obligation until the other brother gives it to him as a gift. And even if one bought an Etrog and the other a quince or one bought an etrog, a quince, and a pomegranate he has not discharged his obligation until the other brother gives him his share in the fruit even if he would not mind under normal circumstances if the first brother ate it.

אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁכָּל הַמּוֹעֲדוֹת מִצְוָה לִשְׂמֹחַ בָּהֶן. בְּחַג הַסֻּכּוֹת הָיְתָה בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ יוֹם שִׂמְחָה יְתֵרָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא כג מ) "וּשְׂמַחְתֶּם לִפְנֵי ה' אֱלֹהֵיכֶם שִׁבְעַת יָמִים". וְכֵיצַד הָיוּ עוֹשִׂין. עֶרֶב יוֹם טוֹב הָרִאשׁוֹן הָיוּ מְתַקְּנִין בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ מָקוֹם לַנָּשִׁים מִלְּמַעְלָה וְלָאֲנָשִׁים מִלְּמַטָּה כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִתְעָרְבוּ אֵלּוּ עִם אֵלּוּ. וּמַתְחִילִין לִשְׂמֹחַ מִמּוֹצָאֵי יוֹם טוֹב הָרִאשׁוֹן. וְכֵן בְּכָל יוֹם וְיוֹם מִימֵי חֻלּוֹ שֶׁל מוֹעֵד מַתְחִילִין מֵאַחַר שֶׁיַּקְרִיבוּ תָּמִיד שֶׁל בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם לִשְׂמֹחַ לִשְׁאָר הַיּוֹם עִם כָּל הַלַּיְלָה:

Although it is a Mitzvah to rejoice on all festivals, on the Sukkot holiday there was a time of overabundant joy in the Holy Temple, for it is written, "...you shall rejoice before the LORD your G-d for seven days." And how was this done? On the eve of the first holiday they would arrange in the Holy Temple a place for the women above and for the men below so that they might not mix one with the other. And they began to rejoice from the night after the first holiday, and continued on each and every day of the intercessory days of the holiday. They began after the Tamid offering was made in the evening to rejoice unto the rest of the day and through the night.

וְהֵיאַךְ הָיְתָה שִׂמְחָה זוֹ. הֶחָלִיל מַכֶּה וּמְנַגְּנִין בְּכִנּוֹר וּבִנְבָלִים וּבִמְצִלְתַּיִם וְכָל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד בִּכְלֵי שִׁיר שֶׁהוּא יוֹדֵעַ לְנַגֵּן בּוֹ. וּמִי שֶׁיּוֹדֵעַ בַּפֶּה בַּפֶּה. וְרוֹקְדִין וּמְסַפְּקִין וּמְטַפְּחִין וּמְפַזְּזִין וּמְכַרְכְּרִין כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד כְּמוֹ שֶׁיּוֹדֵעַ וְאוֹמְרִים דִּבְרֵי שִׁירוֹת וְתֻשְׁבָּחוֹת. וְשִׂמְחָה זוֹ אֵינָהּ דּוֹחָה לֹא אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת וְלֹא אֶת יוֹם טוֹב:

And how was this joy [performed]? The flute was struck and the violin, harps, and cymbals, were played, and every person played any instrument he knew how to play. And those who knew to sing, sang. And they danced, and clapped their hands and thighs, and spun, and crowed, each according to their ability, and spoke words of praise and song. And this joy does not supercede the Sabbath or the Holiday.

מִצְוָה לְהַרְבּוֹת בְּשִׂמְחָה זוֹ. וְלֹא הָיוּ עוֹשִׂין אוֹתָהּ עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ וְכָל מִי שֶׁיִּרְצֶה. אֶלָּא גְּדוֹלֵי חַכְמֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְרָאשֵׁי הַיְשִׁיבוֹת וְהַסַּנְהֶדְרִין וְהַחֲסִידִים וְהַזְּקֵנִים וְאַנְשֵׁי מַעֲשֶׂה הֵם שֶׁהָיוּ מְרַקְּדִין וּמְסַפְּקִין וּמְנַגְּנִין וּמְשַׂמְּחִין בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ בִּימֵי חַג הַסֻּכּוֹת. אֲבָל כָּל הָעָם הָאֲנָשִׁים וְהַנָּשִׁים כֻּלָּן בָּאִין לִרְאוֹת וְלִשְׁמֹעַ:

It is an obligation to indulge in this merriment. This was not done by the folk of the land or whoever so wished, but by the greatest sages of Israel and the heads of the Yeshivot and the sanhedrin and the pious ones and the elders and the men of virtuous deeds, they were the ones who danced and clapped and played instruments and rejoiced during the days of Sukkot. But the entire People, the men and the women, all would come to look and to listen.

הַשִּׂמְחָה שֶׁיִּשְׂמַח אָדָם בַּעֲשִׂיַּת הַמִּצְוָה וּבְאַהֲבַת הָאֵל שֶׁצִּוָּה בָּהֶן. עֲבוֹדָה גְּדוֹלָה הִיא. וְכָל הַמּוֹנֵעַ עַצְמוֹ מִשִּׂמְחָה זוֹ רָאוּי לְהִפָּרַע מִמֶּנּוּ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים כח מז) "תַּחַת אֲשֶׁר לֹא עָבַדְתָּ אֶת ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ בְּשִׂמְחָה וּבְטוּב לֵבָב". וְכָל הַמֵּגִיס דַּעְתּוֹ וְחוֹלֵק כָּבוֹד לְעַצְמוֹ וּמִתְכַּבֵּד בְּעֵינָיו בִּמְקוֹמוֹת אֵלּוּ חוֹטֵא וְשׁוֹטֶה. וְעַל זֶה הִזְהִיר שְׁלֹמֹה וְאָמַר (משלי כה ו) "אַל תִּתְהַדַּר לִפְנֵי מֶלֶךְ". וְכָל הַמַּשְׁפִּיל עַצְמוֹ וּמֵקֵל גּוּפוֹ בִּמְקוֹמוֹת אֵלּוּ הוּא הַגָּדוֹל הַמְכֻבָּד הָעוֹבֵד מֵאַהֲבָה. וְכֵן דָּוִד מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל אָמַר (שמואל ב ו כב) "וּנְקַלֹּתִי עוֹד מִזֹּאת וְהָיִיתִי שָׁפָל בְּעֵינָי". וְאֵין הַגְּדֻלָּה וְהַכָּבוֹד אֶלָּא לִשְׂמֹחַ לִפְנֵי ה' שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמואל ב ו טז) "וְהַמֶּלֶךְ דָּוִד מְפַזֵּז וּמְכַרְכֵּר לִפְנֵי ה'": סָלִיק הִלְכוֹת שׁוֹפָּר סֻכָּה וְלוּלָב

The joy that a person should express in performing the Commandment[s] and in the love of G-d who commanded them, is a great worship [to G-d]. Whoever avoids expressing this joy is worthy of being punished for it, as it is stated: "...in return for you not worshipping the LORD your G-d with joy and with goodness of heart." And whoever carries hismelf haughtily and takes pride in himself and considers hismelf too dignified in such places is a sinner and a fool. Concerning this Solomon admonished and said: "Do not dignify yourself in front of a king." But whoever lowers himself and eases oneself in such places is the [real] great and dignified one who worships out of love. So did David, King of Israel, say: "...and I would be even less worthy than this and would be lowly in my own eyes." There is no greatness and honor but to rejoice before G-d, as it is stated: "And King David was spinning and crowing before G-d" etc. Finished are the laws of the Lulav, Praise to the Inspector of kidneys and heart.