Human Dispositions Chapter 4

הוֹאִיל וֶהֱיוֹת הַגּוּף בָּרִיא וְשָׁלֵם מִדַּרְכֵי הַשֵּׁם הוּא. שֶׁהֲרֵי אִי אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁיָּבִין אוֹ יֵדַע דָּבָר מִידִיעַת הַבּוֹרֵא וְהוּא חוֹלֶה. לְפִיכָךְ צָרִיךְ לְהַרְחִיק אָדָם עַצְמוֹ מִדְּבָרִים הַמְאַבְּדִין אֶת הַגּוּף. וּלְהַנְהִיג עַצְמוֹ בִּדְבָרִים הַמַּבְרִין וְהַמַּחֲלִימִים. וְאֵלּוּ הֵן: לְעוֹלָם לֹא יֹאכַל אָדָם אֶלָּא כְּשֶׁהוּא רָעֵב. וְלֹא יִשְׁתֶּה אֶלָּא כְּשֶׁהוּא צָמֵא. וְאַל יַשְׁהֵא נְקָבָיו אֲפִלּוּ רֶגַע אֶחָד. אֶלָּא כָּל זְמַן שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לְהַשְׁתִּין אוֹ לְהָסֵךְ אֶת רַגְלָיו יַעֲמֹד מִיָּד:

Since the body being healthy and wholesome is from the paths of G-d - as behold, it is impossible for one to understand or to know anything of Godly wisdom when he is sick - therefore one must distance himself from things that are damaging to the body and to accustom himself to things that are healthy and therapeutic, and they are as follows: A person should always only eat when he is hungry, and drink when he is thirsty. And he should not delay his orifices even one second, but rather whenever he feels the need to urinate or defecate he should immediately get up.

לֹא יֹאכַל אָדָם עַד שֶׁתִּתְמַלֵּא כְּרֵסוֹ אֶלָּא יִפְחֹת כְּמוֹ רְבִיעַ מִשָּׂבְעָתוֹ. וְלֹא יִשְׁתֶּה מַיִם בְּתוֹךְ הַמָּזוֹן אֶלָּא מְעַט וּמָזוּג בְּיַיִן. וּכְשֶׁיַּתְחִיל הַמָּזוֹן לְהִתְעַכֵּל בְּמֵעָיו שׁוֹתֶה מַה שֶּׁהוּא צָרִיךְ לִשְׁתּוֹת. וְלֹא יַרְבֶּה לִשְׁתּוֹת מַיִם וַאֲפִלּוּ כְּשֶׁיִּתְעַכֵּל הַמָּזוֹן. וְלֹא יֹאכַל עַד שֶׁיִּבְדֹּק עַצְמוֹ יָפֶה יָפֶה שֶׁמָּא יִהְיֶה צָרִיךְ לִנְקָבָיו. לֹא יֹאכַל אָדָם עַד שֶׁיֵּלֵךְ קדֶם אֲכִילָה עַד שֶׁיַּתְחִיל גּוּפוֹ לָחֹם. אוֹ יַעֲשֶׂה מְלַאכְתּוֹ אוֹ יִתְיַגֵּעַ בְּיֶגַע אַחֵר. כְּלָלוֹ שֶׁל דָּבָר יְעַנֶּה גּוּפוֹ וְיִיגַע כָּל יוֹם בַּבֹּקֶר עַד שֶׁיַּתְחִיל גּוּפוֹ לָחֹם וְיִשְׁקֹט מְעַט עַד שֶׁתִּתְיַשֵּׁב נַפְשׁוֹ וְאוֹכֵל. וְאִם רָחַץ בְּחַמִּין אַחַר שֶׁיָּגַע הֲרֵי זֶה טוֹב וְאַחַר כָּךְ שׁוֹהֶה מְעַט וְאוֹכֵל:

A person should not eat until his belly is full, but rather he should reduce [his consumption from that by] about a quarter of his satiation. And he should only drink a little water during his meal and [it should be] mixed with wine. And when the food begins to be digested in his intestines, he should drink what he needs to drink. And he should not eat until he has checked himself very much, lest he need his orifices. A person should not eat until he walks before eating, until his body begins to warm up; or he exerts himself with another exertion. The general principle of the thing is that he should strain his body and exert himself every day in the morning until his body begins to warm up, and he should [then] be still a little until his soul composes itself and he can [then] eat. And if he bathes in hot water after he exerts himself, that is good. And afterwards, he waits a little and eats.

לְעוֹלָם כְּשֶׁיֹּאכַל אָדָם יֵשֵׁב בִּמְקוֹמוֹ אוֹ יִטֶּה עַל שְׂמֹאל. וְלֹא יְהַלֵּךְ וְלֹא יִרְכַּב וְלֹא יִיגַע וְלֹא יְזַעֲזֵעַ גּוּפוֹ וְלֹא יְטַיֵּל עַד שֶׁיִּתְעַכֵּל הַמָּזוֹן שֶׁבְּמֵעָיו. וְכָל הַמְטַיֵּל אַחַר אֲכִילָתוֹ אוֹ שֶׁיָּגֵעַ הֲרֵי זֶה מֵבִיא עַל עַצְמוֹ חֳלָאִים רָעִים וְקָשִׁים:

A person should always eat seated in his place or reclining on his left side. He shouldn't walk and he shouldn't ride and he shouldn't exert himself and he shouldn't shake his body and he shouldn't stroll until he has digested the meal in his intestines. And everyone who strolls after eating or exerts himself, behold this one bring upon himself harmful and difficult illnesses.

הַיּוֹם וְהַלַּיְלָה כ"ד שָׁעוֹת. דַּי לוֹ לָאָדָם לִישֹׁן שְׁלִישָׁן שֶׁהוּא שְׁמוֹנֶה שָׁעוֹת. וְיִהְיוּ בְּסוֹף הַלַּיְלָה כְּדֵי שֶׁתִּהְיֶה מִתְּחִלַּת שְׁנָתוֹ עַד שֶׁתַּעֲלֶה הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ שְׁמוֹנֶה שָׁעוֹת. וְנִמְצָא עוֹמֵד מִמִּטָּתוֹ קֹדֶם שֶׁתַּעֲלֶה הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ:

The day and the night [together] are twenty-four hours. It is enough for one to sleep one third of them, namely, eight hours. They should be at the end of the night-time, so that from the beginning of his falling asleep until dawn will be eight hours; and it will come out can that he will rise from his bed before the sun rises.

לֹא יִישַׁן אָדָם לֹא עַל פָּנָיו וְלֹא עַל עָרְפּוֹ אֶלָּא עַל צִדּוֹ. בִּתְחִלַּת הַלַּיְלָה עַל צַד שְׂמֹאל. וּבְסוֹף הַלַּיְלָה עַל צַד יָמִין. וְלֹא יִישַׁן סָמוּךְ לַאֲכִילָה אֶלָּא יַמְתִּין אַחַר אֲכִילָה כְּמוֹ שָׁלֹשׁ אוֹ אַרְבַּע שָׁעוֹת. וְלֹא יִישַׁן בַּיּוֹם:

A person should not sleep on his face or on his back, but rather on his side. At the beginning of the night [he should sleep] on his left side and at the end of the night, he should sleep on his right side. He should not sleep close to [the time of his] eating, but rather should wait three or four hours. And he should not sleep during the day.

דְּבָרִים הַמְשַׁלְשְׁלִין אֶת בְּנֵי מֵעַיִם כְּגוֹן עֲנָבִים וּתְאֵנִים וְתוּתִים וַאֲגַסִּים וַאֲבַטִּיחִים וּמִינֵי הַקִּשּׁוּאִים וּמִינֵי מְלָפְפוֹנוֹת אוֹכֵל אוֹתָם הָאָדָם בַּתְּחִלָּה קֹדֶם אֲכִילָה. וְלֹא יְעָרְבֵם עִם הַמָּזוֹן. אֶלָּא שׁוֹהֶה מְעַט עַד שֶׁיֵּצְאוּ מִבֶּטֶן הָעֶלְיוֹן וְאוֹכֵל מְזוֹנוֹ. וּדְבָרִים שֶׁמְּאַמְּצִין אֶת בְּנֵי מֵעַיִם כְּגוֹן רִמּוֹנִים וּפְרִישִׁים וְתַפּוּחִים וּקְרוֹסְטוֹמוֹלִין אוֹכֵל אוֹתָן תֵּכֶף לִמְזוֹנוֹ. וְלֹא יַרְבֶּה לֶאֱכל מֵהֶן:

Things that serve as laxatives for the intestines - such as grapes, figs, mulberries, pears, melons, types of squash and types of cucumbers - a person should eat before eating [his meal]. And he should not mix them with his meal, but rather he should wait a little until they exit his upper stomach and [then] eat his meal. And things that constipate his intestines - such as pomegranates, quinces, apples, crustumenian pears - one should eat immediately after his meal, and he should not eat much of them.

כְּשֶׁיִּרְצֶה אָדָם לֶאֱכל בְּשַׂר עוֹף וּבְשַׂר בְּהֵמָה כְּאֶחָד. אוֹכֵל בַּתְּחִלָּה בְּשַׂר הָעוֹף. וְכֵן בֵּיצִים וּבְשַׂר עוֹף אוֹכֵל בַּתְּחִלָּה בֵּיצִים. בְּשַׂר בְּהֵמָה דַּקָּה וּבְשַׂר בְּהֵמָה גַּסָּה אוֹכֵל בַּתְּחִלָּה בְּשַׂר דַּקָּה. לְעוֹלָם יַקְדִּים אָדָם דָּבָר הַקַּל וּמְאַחֵר הַכָּבֵד:

When a person wants to eat chicken and beef together, he should eat the chicken first. And so [too], if he wants to eat eggs and chicken, he should eat eggs first; ovine meat and beef, he should eat the ovine meat first. A person should always eat the lighter thing first and afterwards the heavier.

בִּימוֹת הַחַמָּה אוֹכֵל מַאֲכָלִים הַקָּרִים וְלֹא יַרְבֶּה בִּתְבָלִים וְאוֹכֵל אֶת הַחֹמֶץ. וּבִימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים אוֹכֵל מַאֲכָלִים הַחַמִּים וּמַרְבֶּה בִּתְבָלִים וְאוֹכֵל מְעַט מִן הַחַרְדָּל וּמִן הַחִלְתִּית. וְעַל דֶּרֶךְ זוֹ הוֹלֵךְ וְעוֹשֶׂה בַּמְּקוֹמוֹת הַקָּרִים וּבַמְּקוֹמוֹת הַחַמִּים בְּכָל מָקוֹם וּמָקוֹם הָרָאוּי לוֹ:

In the summer, one should eat bland foods and not add much spice, and he should eat vinegar. And in the winter, he should eat hot foods and add much spice, and he should eat little mustard and Assa foetida. And in accordance with this should he act in cold [climates] and in warm [climates - eating] in each and every [climate], what is fitting for it.

יֵשׁ מַאֲכָלוֹת שֶׁהֵם רָעִים בְּיוֹתֵר עַד מְאֹד וְרָאוּי לָאָדָם שֶׁלֹּא לְאָכְלָן לְעוֹלָם. כְּגוֹן הַדָּגִים הַגְּדוֹלִים הַמְּלוּחִים הַיְשָׁנִים. וְהַגְּבִינָה הַמְּלוּחָה הַיְשָׁנָה. וְהַכְּמֵהִין וּפִטְרִיּוֹת וְהַבָּשָׂר הַמָּלִיחַ הַיָּשָׁן. וְיַיִן מִגִּתּוֹ. וְתַבְשִׁיל שֶׁשָּׁהָא עַד שֶׁנָּדַף רֵיחוֹ. וְכֵן כָּל מַאֲכָל שֶׁרֵיחוֹ רַע אוֹ מַר בְּיוֹתֵר. הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ לַגּוּף כְּמוֹ סַם הַמָּוֶת. וְיֵשׁ מַאֲכָלוֹת שֶׁהֵן רָעִים אֲבָל אֵינָן כְּמוֹ הָרִאשׁוֹנִים לְרֹעַ. לְפִיכָךְ רָאוּי לָאָדָם שֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכל מֵהֶן אֶלָּא מְעַט וְאַחַר יָמִים הַרְבֵּה. וְלֹא יַרְגִּיל עַצְמוֹ לִהְיוֹת מְזוֹנוֹ מֵהֶם אוֹ לְאָכְלָן עִם מְזוֹנוֹ תָּמִיד. כְּגוֹן דָּגִים גְּדוֹלִים וּגְבִינָה וְחָלָב שֶׁשָּׁהָא אַחַר שֶׁנֶּחְלַב כ"ד שָׁעוֹת. וּבְשַׂר שְׁוָרִים גְּדוֹלִים וּתְיָשִׁים גְּדוֹלִים וְהַפּוֹל וְהָעֲדָשִׁים וְהַסַּפִּיר וְלֶחֶם שְׂעוֹרִים וְלֶחֶם מַצּוֹת וְהַכְּרוּב וְהֶחָצִיר וְהַבְּצָלִים וְהַשּׁוּמִים וְהַחַרְדָּל וְהַצְּנוֹן. כָּל אֵלּוּ מַאֲכָלִים רָעִים הֵם אֵין רָאוּי לָאָדָם לֶאֱכל מֵאֵלּוּ אֶלָּא מְעַט עַד מְאֹד וּבִימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים. אֲבָל בִּימוֹת הַחַמָּה לֹא יֹאכַל מֵהֶן כְּלָל. וְהַפּוֹל וְהָעֲדָשִׁים בִּלְבַד אֵין רָאוּי לְאָכְלָן לֹא בִּימוֹת הַחַמָּה וְלֹא בִּימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים. וְהַדְּלוּעִין אוֹכְלִין מֵהֶן בִּימוֹת הַחַמָּה:

There are foods that are really very bad, and it is fitting that a person never eat them, such as big old salted fish, old salted cheese, truffles and mushrooms, old salted meat, wine from the press and a food that sat until its smell wafts, and so [too] any food that has a bad smell or is very bitter. Behold, these are like a deadly poison for the body. And there are foods that are bad, but they are not as bad as the first ones. Therefore, it is fitting for a person to only eat a little of them and after many days. And a person should not accustom himself to have his meals from them or to eat them with his meals constantly. Examples [of these] are big fish, cheese or milk that sat twenty-four hours after it was [produced], meat from large bulls or large goats, fava beans, lentils, chickpeas, barley bread, matzo bread, cabbage, leeks, onions, garlic, mustard and radishes. All of these are bad foods [and] it is only fitting that a person eat a very little of them, and in the winter. But in the summer, one should not eat from them at all. And it is only fava beans and lentils that are not fitting to eat in the summer or the winter. And one may eat gourds during the summer.

וְיֵשׁ מַאֲכָלוֹת שֶׁהֵם רָעִים וְאֵינָן כְּמוֹ אֵלּוּ. וְהֵם עוֹף הַמַּיִם וּבְנֵי יוֹנָה הַקְּטַנִּים וְהַתְּמָרִים וְלֶחֶם קָלוּי בְּשֶׁמֶן אוֹ לֶחֶם שֶׁנִּלּוֹשׁ בְּשֶׁמֶן וְהַסּלֶת שֶׁנִּפּוּ אוֹתָהּ כָּל צָרְכָּהּ עַד שֶׁלֹּא נִשְׁאֲרָה בָּהּ רֵיחַ מוּרְסָן. וְהַצִּיר וְהַמּוּרְיָיס. אֵין רָאוּי לְהַרְבּוֹת מַאֲכָלוֹת אֵלּוּ. וְאָדָם שֶׁהוּא חָכָם וְכוֹבֵשׁ אֶת יִצְרוֹ וְלֹא יִמָּשֵׁךְ אַחַר תַּאֲוָתוֹ וְלֹא יֹאכַל מִן הַנִּזְכָּרִים כְּלוּם אֶלָּא אִם נִצְרָךְ לָהֶם לִרְפוּאָה הֲרֵי זֶה גִּבּוֹר:

And there are foods that are bad, but they are not like [those above]. And they are water-fowl, small pigeons, dates, bread baked in oil, bread kneaded in oil, fine flour that has been completely sifted to the point that the smell of bran no longer remains, fish brine and fish pickling. It is not fitting to indulge much in these foods. And a person who is wise and conquers his impulse and is not pulled in by his desire and does not eat any of those [foods] mentioned, except if they are needed for healing - behold, he is a mighty one.

לְעוֹלָם יִמְנַע אָדָם עַצְמוֹ מִפֵּרוֹת הָאִילָנוֹת. וְלֹא יַרְבֶּה מֵהֶן וַאֲפִלּוּ יְבֵשִׁין וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר רְטֻבִּים. אֲבָל קֹדֶם שֶׁיִּתְבַּשְּׁלוּ כָּל צָרְכָּן הֲרֵי הֵן כַּחֲרָבוֹת לַגּוּף. וְכֵן הַחֲרוּבִים רָעִים לְעוֹלָם. וְכָל הַפֵּרוֹת הַחֲמוּצִין רָעִים וְאֵין אוֹכְלִין מֵהֶן אֶלָּא מְעַט בִּימוֹת הַחַמָּה וּבַמְּקוֹמוֹת הַחַמִּים. וְהַתְּאֵנִים וְהָעֲנָבִים וְהַשְּׁקֵדִים לְעוֹלָם טוֹבִים בֵּין רְטֻבִּין בֵּין יְבֵשִׁין וְאוֹכֵל אָדָם מֵהֶם כָּל צָרְכּוֹ. וְלֹא יַתְמִיד אֲכִילָתָם אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהֵן טוֹבִים מִכָּל פְּרִי הָאִילָנוֹת:

A person should always prevent himself from eating the fruit of the trees. And he should [certainly] not eat much of them and even if they are dried - and it is not necessary to say if they are fresh. But before they have completely ripened, they are like swords for the body. And so [too], carobs are always bad. And all sour fruit are bad and one should only eat a little of them during the summer and in hot [climates]. And figs, grapes and almonds are always good, whether they are fresh or dry, and a person can eat of them all that he requires. But he should not eat them constantly, even though they are better than all fruit of the trees.

הַדְּבַשׁ וְהַיַּיִן רַע לַקְּטַנִּים וְיָפֶה לַזְּקֵנִים וְכָל שֶׁכֵּן בִּימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים. וְצָרִיךְ אָדָם לֶאֱכל בִּימוֹת הַחַמָּה שְׁנֵי שְׁלִישִׁים מַה שֶּׁהוּא אוֹכֵל בִּימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים:

Honey and wine are bad for minors and good for the elderly, and all the more so in the winter. And a person should eat in the summer, two thirds of what he eats in the winter.

לְעוֹלָם יִשְׁתַּדֵּל אָדָם שֶׁיִּהְיוּ מֵעָיו רָפִין כָּל יָמָיו וְיִהְיֶה קָרוֹב לְשִׁלְשׁוּל מְעַט. וְזֶה כְּלָל גָּדוֹל בָּרְפוּאָה כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהָרְעִי נִמְנָע אוֹ יוֹצֵא בְּקֹשִׁי חֳלָאִים רָעִים בָּאִים. וּבַמֶּה יַרְפֶּה אָדָם מֵעָיו אִם יִתְאַמְּצוּ מְעַט. אִם הָיָה בָּחוּר יֹאכַל בַּבֹּקֶר בַּבֹּקֶר מְלוּחִים שְׁלוּקִים מְתֻבָּלִין בְּשֶׁמֶן זַיִת וּבְמוּרְיָיס וּבְמֶלַח בְּלֹא פַּת. אוֹ יִשְׁתֶּה מֵי שֶׁלֶק שֶׁל תְּרָדִין אוֹ כְּרוּב בְּשֶׁמֶן זַיִת וּמוּרְיָיס וּמֶלַח. וְאִם הָיָה זָקֵן יִשְׁתֶּה דְּבַשׁ מָזוּג בְּמַיִם חַמִּים בַּבֹּקֶר וְיִשְׁהֵא כְּמוֹ אַרְבַּע שָׁעוֹת וְאַחַר כָּךְ יֹאכַל סְעֻדָּתוֹ. וְיַעֲשֶׂה כֵן יוֹם אֶחָד אוֹ שְׁלֹשָׁה אוֹ אַרְבָּעָה יָמִים אִם צָרִיךְ לְכָךְ עַד שֶׁיִּרְפּוּ מֵעָיו:

A person should always make efforts that his bowels should be soft all of his days and that they should be slightly close to diarrhea. And this is a general principle in medicine: all the time when feces are blocked or come out with difficulty, bad illnesses [follow]. And with what should a person soften his intestines if they are a little constipated? If he is a young man, every morning, he should eat salty boiled vegetables, seasoned with olive oil and fish brine and salt, without bread. Or he should drink the waters of the boiled spinach or cabbage in olive oil and fish brine and salt. And if he is elderly, he should drink honey mixed with water in the morning and wait about four hours and afterwards eat his meal. And he should do this one day - or three or four days if he needs to, until his intestines are healed.

וְעוֹד כְּלָל אַחֵר אָמְרוּ בִּבְרִיאוּת הַגּוּף. כָּל זְמַן שֶׁאָדָם מִתְעַמֵּל וְיָגֵעַ הַרְבֵּה וְאֵינוֹ שָׂבֵעַ וּמֵעָיו רָפִין אֵין חלִי בָּא עָלָיו וְכֹחוֹ מִתְחַזֵּק. וַאֲפִלּוּ אוֹכֵל מַאֲכָלוֹת הָרָעִים:

And [the following] is another general principle that they said about bodily health: Any time that a person exercises and exerts himself greatly and is not satiated and his intestines are soft, sickness does not come to him and he becomes stronger - and even if he eats of the bad foods.

וְכָל מִי שֶׁהוּא יוֹשֵׁב לָבֶטַח וְאֵינוֹ מִתְעַמֵּל. אוֹ מִי שֶׁמַּשְׁהֵא נְקָבָיו. אוֹ מִי שֶׁמֵּעָיו קָשִׁין. אֲפִלּוּ אָכַל מַאֲכָלוֹת טוֹבִים וְשָׁמַר עַצְמוֹ עַל פִּי הָרְפוּאָה. כָּל יָמָיו יִהְיוּ מַכְאוֹבִים וְכֹחוֹ תָּשֵׁשׁ. וַאֲכִילָה גַּסָּה לְגוּף כָּל אָדָם כְּמוֹ סַם הַמָּוֶת. וְהוּא עִקָּר לְכָל הֶחֳלָאִים. וְרֹב הֶחֳלָאִים שֶׁבָּאִים עַל הָאָדָם אֵינָם אֶלָּא אוֹ מִפְּנֵי מַאֲכָלִים רָעִים. אוֹ מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מְמַלֵּא בִּטְנוֹ וְאוֹכֵל אֲכִילָה גַּסָּה אֲפִלּוּ מִמַּאֲכָלִים טוֹבִים. הוּא שֶׁשְּׁלֹמֹה אָמַר בְּחָכְמָתוֹ (משלי כא כג) "שֹׁמֵר פִּיו וּלְשׁוֹנוֹ שֹׁמֵר מִצָּרוֹת נַפְשׁוֹ". כְּלוֹמַר שׁוֹמֵר פִּיו מִלֶּאֱכל מַאֲכָל רַע אוֹ מִלִּשְׂבֹּעַ וּלְשׁוֹנוֹ מִלְּדַבֵּר אֶלָּא בִּצְרָכָיו:

And anyone who sits tight and does not exercise or one who delays his orifices, or whose intestines are hard - even if he eats good foods and he guards himself according to [the dictates of] medicine - all of his days will be [full of] ailments and he will become weak. And gluttonous eating is like a deadly poison for every person and it is the essence of all the sicknesses. And most sicknesses that come to a person are only because of bad foods or because he fills his stomach and engages in gluttonous eating, even if it is of good foods. And this is what Shlomo stated (Proverbs 21:23), "He who guards his mouth and tongue, guards his soul from troubles" - which is to say, he guards his mouth from eating a bad food or from satiation, and his tongue from speaking anything except for his needs.

דֶּרֶךְ הָרְחִיצָה. שֶׁיִּכָּנֵס אָדָם לַמֶּרְחָץ מִשִּׁבְעָה יָמִים לְשִׁבְעָה יָמִים. וְלֹא יִכָּנֵס סָמוּךְ לַאֲכִילָה. וְלֹא כְּשֶׁהוּא רָעֵב. אֶלָּא כְּשֶׁיַּתְחִיל הַמָּזוֹן לְהִתְעַכֵּל. וְרוֹחֵץ כָּל גּוּפוֹ בְּחַמִּין שֶׁאֵין הַגּוּף נִכְוֶה בָּהֶן. וְרֹאשׁוֹ בִּלְבַד בְּחַמִּין שֶׁהַגּוּף נִכְוֶה בָּהֶן. וְאַחַר כָּךְ יִרְחַץ גּוּפוֹ בְּפוֹשְׁרִין וְאַחַר כָּךְ בְּפוֹשְׁרִין מִן הַפּוֹשְׁרִין עַד שֶׁיִּרְחַץ בְּצוֹנֵן. וְלֹא יַעֲבֹר עַל רֹאשׁוֹ מַיִם לֹא פּוֹשְׁרִין וְלֹא צוֹנֵן. וְלֹא יִרְחַץ בְּצוֹנֵן בִּימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים. וְלֹא יִרְחַץ עַד שֶׁיַּזִּיעַ וִיפָרֵךְ כָּל גּוּפוֹ. וְלֹא יַאֲרִיךְ בַּמֶּרְחָץ אֶלָּא כְּשֶׁיַּזִּיעַ וִיפָרֵךְ גּוּפוֹ יִשְׁתַּטֵּף וְיֵצֵא. וּבוֹדֵק עַצְמוֹ קֹדֶם שֶׁיִּכָּנֵס לַמֶּרְחָץ וְאַחַר שֶׁיֵּצֵא שֶׁמָּא יְהֵא צָרִיךְ לִנְקָבָיו. וְכֵן בּוֹדֵק אָדָם עַצְמוֹ תָּמִיד קֹדֶם אֲכִילָה וְאַחַר אֲכִילָה. וְקֹדֶם בְּעִילָה וְאַחַר בְּעִילָה. וְקֹדֶם שֶׁיִּיגַע וְיִתְעַמֵּל וְאַחַר שֶׁיִּיגַע וְיִתְעַמֵּל. וְקֹדֶם שֶׁיִּישַׁן וְאַחַר שֶׁיִּישַׁן. וּבְשִׁעוּר הַכּל עֲשָׂרָה:

The way of bathing is that a person should enter the bathhouse every seven days. And he should not enter close to his eating and not when he is hungry, but rather when the food begins to be digested. And he should wash his entire body in hot water that does not scald the body. And [he should wash] only his head with hot water that scald the body. And afterwards, he should wash his body with lukewarm water, and afterwards in very lukewarm water until he washes in cold water. Neither lukewarm water nor cold water should get on his head, and he should not bathe with cold water in the winter. And he should not bathe until his whole body perspires and is massaged. He should not tarry in the bathhouse, but rather when his whole body has perspired and been massaged, he should rinse himself and leave. And he should check himself before he enters the bathhouse and after he leaves, lest he needs to [take care of] his orifices. And so [too], a person should check himself always before eating and after eating; before sexual relations and after sexual relations; before he exerts himself and exercises and after he exerts himself and exercises; before he sleeps and after he sleeps. And the amount of all [of these] is ten.

כְּשֶׁיֵּצֵא אָדָם מִן הַמֶּרְחָץ יִלְבַּשׁ בְּגָדָיו וִיכַסֶּה רֹאשׁוֹ בַּבַּיִת הַחִיצוֹן כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא תִּשְׁלֹט בּוֹ רוּחַ קָרָה. וַאֲפִלּוּ בִּימוֹת הַחַמָּה צָרִיךְ לְהִזָּהֵר. וְיִשְׁהֵא אַחַר שֶׁיֵּצֵא עַד שֶׁתִּתְיַשֵּׁב נַפְשׁוֹ וְיָנוּחַ גּוּפוֹ וְתָסוּר הַחֲמִימוּת וְאַחַר כָּךְ יֹאכַל. וְאִם יָשֵׁן מְעַט כְּשֶׁיֵּצֵא מִן הַמֶּרְחָץ קֹדֶם אֲכִילָה הֲרֵי זֶה יָפֶה מְאֹד. וְלֹא יִשְׁתֶּה מַיִם קָרִים בְּצֵאתוֹ מִן הַמֶּרְחָץ וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר שֶׁלֹּא יִשְׁתֶּה בַּמֶּרְחָץ. וְאִם צָמֵא כְּשֶׁיָּצָא מִן הַמֶּרְחָץ וְאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לִמְנֹעַ עַצְמוֹ יְעָרֵב הַמַּיִם בְּיַיִן אוֹ בִּדְבַשׁ וְיִשְׁתֶּה. וְאִם סָךְ בְּשֶׁמֶן בַּמֶּרְחָץ בִּימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים אַחַר שֶׁיִּשְׁתַּטֵּף הֲרֵי זֶה טוֹב:

When a person leaves the bathhouse, he should put on his clothes and cover his head in the outer room, in order that cold winds don't affect him [adversely]. And even in the summer, he needs to be careful. And he should delay after he comes out until his soul is tranquil and his body is rested and the heat goes away, and afterwards he may eat. And if he sleeps a little when he goes out of the bathhouse before eating, behold, it is very good. And he should not drink cold water when he goes out of he bathhouse, and it is not necessary to say that he should not drink in the bath. And if he is thirsty when he comes out of the bathhouse and he cannot prevent himself, he should mix the water with wine or with honey and drink [it]. And if he anoints [himself] with oil in the bathhouse in the winter after he rinses himself, behold, that is good.

לֹא יַרְגִּיל אָדָם לְהַקִּיז דָּם תָּמִיד. וְלֹא יַקִּיז אֶלָּא אִם יִהְיֶה צָרִיךְ לוֹ בְּיוֹתֵר. וְלֹא יַקִּיז לֹא בִּימוֹת הַחַמָּה וְלֹא בִּימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים אֶלָּא מְעַט בִּימֵי נִיסָן וּמְעַט בִּימֵי תִּשְׁרֵי. וּמֵאַחַר חֲמִשִּׁים שָׁנָה לֹא יַקִּיז כְּלָל. וְלֹא יַקִּיז אָדָם דָּם וְיִכָּנֵס לַמֶּרְחָץ בּוֹ בַּיּוֹם. וְלֹא יַקִּיז וְיֵצֵא לַדֶּרֶךְ. וְלֹא בְּיוֹם שֶׁיָּבוֹא מִן הַדֶּרֶךְ. וְיֹאכַל וְיִשְׁתֶּה בְּיוֹם הַהַקָּזָה פָּחוֹת מִמַּה שֶּׁהוּא רָגִיל. וְיָנוּחַ בְּיוֹם הַהַקָּזָה וְלֹא יִיגַע וְלֹא יִתְעַמֵּל וְלֹא יְטַיֵּל:

A person should not accustom himself to constantly letting blood, and he should only let blood when he needs to greatly. And he should not let blood in the summer and not in the winter, but rather a little in the days of Nissan and a little in the days of Tishrei. And from after he is fifty years old, he should not let blood at all. And a person should not let blood and go into the bathhouse on that day; and he should not let blood and go on the road, and not [do so] when he comes back from the road. And he should eat and drink less than that to which he is accustomed on the day of the bloodletting. And he should rest on the day of the bloodletting and not exert himself and not exercise and not stroll.

שִׁכְבַת זֶרַע הִיא כֹּחַ הַגּוּף וְחַיָּיו וּמְאוֹר הָעֵינַיִם וְכָל שֶׁתֵּצֵא בְּיוֹתֵר הַגּוּף כָּלֶה וְכֹחוֹ כָּלֶה וְחַיָּיו אוֹבְדִים. הוּא שֶׁאָמַר שְׁלֹמֹה בְּחָכְמָתוֹ (משלי לא ג) "אַל תִּתֵּן לַנָּשִׁים חֵילֶךָ". כָּל הַשָּׁטוּף בִּבְעִילָה זִקְנָה קוֹפֶצֶת עָלָיו. וְכֹחוֹ תָּשֵׁשׁ. וְעֵינָיו כֵּהוֹת. וְרֵיחַ רַע נוֹדֵף מִפִּיו וּמִשֶּׁחְיוֹ. וּשְׂעַר רֹאשׁוֹ וְגַבּוֹת עֵינָיו וְרִיסֵי עֵינָיו נוֹשְׁרוֹת. וּשְׂעַר זְקָנוֹ וְשֶׁחְיוֹ וּשְׂעַר רַגְלָיו רַבֶּה. שִׁנָּיו נוֹפְלוֹת. וְהַרְבֵּה כְּאֵבִים חוּץ מֵאֵלּוּ בָּאִים עָלָיו. אָמְרוּ חַכְמֵי הָרוֹפְאִים אֶחָד מֵאֶלֶף מֵת בִּשְׁאָר חֳלָאִים וְהָאֶלֶף מֵרֹב הַתַּשְׁמִישׁ. לְפִיכָךְ צָרִיךְ אָדָם לְהִזָּהֵר בְּדָבָר זֶה אִם רָצָה לִחְיוֹת בְּטוֹבָה. וְלֹא יִבְעֹל אֶלָּא כְּשֶׁיִּמָּצֵא גּוּפוֹ בָּרִיא וְחָזָק בְּיוֹתֵר וְהוּא מִתְקַשֶּׁה הַרְבֵּה שֶׁלֹּא לְדַעְתּוֹ. וּמַסִּיחַ עַצְמוֹ לְדָבָר אַחֵר וְהַקִּשּׁוּי בּוֹ כְּשֶׁהָיָה. וְיִמָּצֵא כֹּבֶד מִמָּתְנָיו וּלְמַטָּה וּכְאִלּוּ חוּטֵי הַבֵּיצִים נִמְשָׁכִים וּבְשָׂרוֹ חַם. זֶה צָרִיךְ לִבְעל וּרְפוּאָה לוֹ שֶׁיִּבְעל. לֹא יִבְעֹל אָדָם וְהוּא שָׂבֵעַ וְלֹא רָעֵב אֶלָּא אַחַר שֶׁיִּתְעַכֵּל הַמָּזוֹן שֶׁבְּמֵעָיו. וְיִבְדֹק נְקָבָיו קֹדֶם בְּעִילָה וּלְאַחַר בְּעִילָה. וְלֹא יִבְעֹל מְעֻמָּד וְלֹא מְיֻשָּׁב. וְלֹא בְּבֵית הַמֶּרְחָץ וְלֹא בְּיוֹם שֶׁיִּכָּנֵס לַמֶּרְחָץ. וְלֹא בְּיוֹם הַקָּזָה. וְלֹא בְּיוֹם יְצִיאָה לַדֶּרֶךְ אוֹ בִּיאָה מִן הַדֶּרֶךְ לֹא לִפְנֵיהֶם וְלֹא לְאַחֲרֵיהֶם:

Semen is the strength of the body and its life and the light of the eyes. And the more it comes out, the more the body withers and its strength withers and his life is dissipated. This is what Shlomo said in his wisdom (Proverbs 31:3), "Do not give your force to women." Anyone who is relentless in sexual relations has old age come to him suddenly, and his power weakens and his eyes dim; and a bad smell wafts from his mouth and from his armpit; and the hair on his head and his eyebrows and eye lashes shed, and the hair of his beard and armpit and the hair on his legs multiply; and his teeth fall out; and may other pains besides these come to him. The medical sages said [that] one out of a thousand dies from other sicknesses and the thousand from too much intercourse. Hence, a person should be careful about this if he wants to live well, and only have sexual relations when his body is healthy and very strong and he has frequent involuntary erections, [and even] when he puts his mind to something else, the erection continues, and he finds heaviness in his loins and below and it is as if the vas deferens is taut and his flesh is hot. Such [a one] needs to have sexual relations and it is medicinal for him to have sexual relations. A person should not have sexual relations when he is satiated and not when he is hungry, but rather after the food in his intestines has been digested. And he should check his orifices before sexual relations and after sexual relations. And he should not have sexual relations standing up or sitting down, nor in a bathhouse, and not [even] on a day when he goes to the bathhouse; and [also] not on a day of bloodletting; and not on a day when he goes out on the road or when he comes back from the road - not before them and not after them.

כָּל הַמַּנְהִיג עַצְמוֹ בִּדְרָכִים אֵלּוּ שֶׁהוֹרִינוּ אֲנִי עָרֵב לוֹ שֶׁאֵינוֹ בָּא לִידֵי חֹלִי כָּל יָמָיו עַד שֶׁיַּזְקִין הַרְבֵּה וְיָמוּת וְאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְרוֹפֵא. וְיִהְיֶה גּוּפוֹ שָׁלֵם וְעוֹמֵד עַל בֻּרְיוֹ כָּל יָמָיו. אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן הָיָה גּוּפוֹ רַע מִתְּחִלַּת בְּרִיָּתוֹ. אוֹ אִם הָיָה רָגִיל בְּמִנְהָג מִן הַמִּנְהָגוֹת הָרָעִים מִתְּחִלַּת מוֹלַדְתּוֹ. אוֹ אִם תָּבוֹא מַכַּת דֶּבֶר אוֹ מַכַּת בַּצֹּרֶת לָעוֹלָם:

I guarantee that anyone who conducts himself in these ways that we have taught will not come to sickness all the days of his life until he grows very old and dies and [that] he does not need a physician. And his body will be wholesome and stand healthy all of his days, unless his body is badly constituted from the beginning of his creation; or he was accustomed to one of the bad habits from the beginning of his birth; or if there should come a plague of pestilence or a plague of a famine to the world.

וְכָל הַמִּנְהָגוֹת הַטּוֹבִים הָאֵלּוּ שֶׁאָמַרְנוּ אֵין רָאוּי לִנְהֹג בָּהֶן אֶלָּא הַבָּרִיא. אֲבָל הַחוֹלֶה אוֹ מִי שֶׁאֶחָד מֵאֵיבָרָיו חוֹלֶה אוֹ מִי שֶׁנָּהַג מִנְהָג רַע שָׁנִים רַבּוֹת. יֵשׁ לְכָל אֶחָד מֵהֶם דְּרָכִים אֲחֵרִים וְהַנְהָגוֹת כְּפִי חָלְיוֹ כְּמוֹ שֶׁיִּתְבָּאֵר בְּסֵפֶר הָרְפוּאוֹת. וְשִׁנּוּי וֶסֶת תְּחִלַּת חלִי:

All of these practices that we have stated are only appropriate for a healthy person. But for a sick person or someone who has a sick limb or has engaged in a bad practice for many years, there are other ways and practices for each one according to the sickness, as are elucidated in the book of medicine. And a change in habit [otherwise] is the beginning of sickness.

כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ רוֹפֵא. אֶחָד הַבָּרִיא וְאֶחָד הַחוֹלֶה אֵין רָאוּי לוֹ לָזוּז מִכָּל הַדְּרָכִים הָאֵלּוּ שֶׁנֶּאֶמְרוּ בְּפֶרֶק זֶה. שֶׁכָּל אֶחָד מֵהֶן לְאַחֲרִית טוֹבָה מֵבִיא:

In any place that does not have a physician, it is not fitting for the healthy or the sick to budge from these ways that have been stated in this chapter - since every one of them brings good in the end.

כָּל עִיר שֶׁאֵין בָּהּ עֲשָׂרָה דְּבָרִים הָאֵלּוּ אֵין תַּלְמִיד חָכָם רַשַּׁאי לָדוּר בְּתוֹכָהּ. וְאֵלּוּ הֵן: רוֹפֵא. וְאֻמָּן. וּבֵית הַמֶּרְחָץ. וּבֵית הַכִּסֵּא. וּמַיִם מְצוּיִין כְּגוֹן נָהָר וּמַעְיָן. וּבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת. וּמְלַמֵּד תִּינוֹקוֹת. וְלַבְלָר. וְגַבַּאי צְדָקָה. וּבֵית דִּין מַכִּים וְחוֹבְשִׁים:

A Torah scholar is not permitted to live in any city which does not have the following ten things in it. And they are as follows: A physician, a blood-letter, a bathhouse, a toilet, an available water supply such as a river or spring, a synagogue, a teacher of small children, a scribe, an officer of charity collections and a court that administers corporal punishment and incarcerates.